In any case, after explorations in the ruins dating from over three thousand years before the Christian era, one can find that the Chaldeans were growing wheat, made terra-cotta models, worked metals, made jewels. They knew the art of writing, and how to draw, and if they had no spinning mills they at least had weavers at their homes. They wore very complete costumes, built towns and monuments, and in short were as civilized as w e are at the present day. They have thus reconstituted in the low er Euphrates a dozen of towns long disappeared, which we will mention as their names will often occur in this work.
Each town had its temple and its high priest, who was at the same time governor or satrap. The most ancient town is Urea, where during two thousand years kings followed one another, as is shown on the Chaldean cylinders. Chaldea was conquered towards the 23rd century B. A French explorer, M. The name of King Gudea is inscribed on each brick.
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Two tombs, and nine statues, were disinterred and permit us to form an exact idea of the costume of those times. These statues are of alabaster, ivory, bronze, and one of the women wears a large robe.
To the North of Chaldea is situated the kingdom of Assur, in the valley of the Tigris, cradle of the true Assyrians, a poor and warlike people. Into this empire there came, no one knows whence, but doubtless from the Caucasus, some extraordinary women knows as the Amazons, who, intermixing with the Assyrian women, may have made of the latter warriors equal to men. In the remotest times, it was a king-priest who led them, a tributary of the kings of Babylon. He organized an army of foot-soldiers and called himself King of the Legions, and made conquest his business.
Thus this epoch was almost devoid of any arts. In 17 years, Ninus conquered all Asia as for as India, and had the strong city of Nineveh built. The name Semiramis, coined by ancient Greek historians, refers to an ancient Oriental heroine or queen. But as the Bactrian people, at the west of the Indus, resisted him, be took the field with a million men. She became the wife of one of the governors of the army of Ninus and went on campaign with her husband, a first Joan of Arc, and Semiramis who must have belonged to the race of Amazons , mounts to the assault of the ramparts.
Amazed, Ninus carries her off, her husband hangs himself in despair, Ninus marries her, and soon afterwards dies, leaving Semiramis queen of the country. But the king of India, thanks to his elephants, obliges her to retrace her steps. She again cultivates the arts of peace, and one fine day she disappears, and is taken up into heaven in the form of a dove. It is then that according to Chaldean tradition the pagan deluge occurred: The king put his treasure into the vessel, and also specimens of the animals and plants existing, and when the rain ceased and all the waters fell back, the vessel touched ground, on the summit of Mount Ararat, the king and his family came out, and descended the Chaboras and the Euphrates, to the place destined to become Babylon.
They built the tower of Babel, or temple of Belus, of which the ruins still exist; at the place called Borsippa. One of his successors is the famous Nimrod, a great hunter before the Lord, says the Bible. Not far from Nineveh is situated Nimrod, and the finest collection of objects found there is now in the British Museum, brought there by the English explorer, A. All the objects showing feminine costumes and adornments came from the palace of Ashurbanipal and date from about the year B. He became famous for his excavations in Nineveh and Nimrud in Assyria.
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It was about the 13th century, in B. Boats on the Tigres and Euphrates, and caravans, continually came with raw materials, which, transformed, were exported again. From their booty, the Assyrians brought back vases and furniture, and most of all clothing, carpets, stulfs and also carried olf all the best artisons. The History of the Feminine Costume of the World. The Luxurious Assyrian Costumes.
Assyrian, Babylonian costume history. Mesopotamia.
In the s he described male costumes, but above all those of women of all epochs in France and various parts of the world, including Japan, China, Persia, Assyria, Greece, Egypt, India, the East, the countries of the North, the three Americas, and so on. The books were all published in France, only a few were translated and published in English. Garments, Dresses Blouses and Ensembles. Characteristic elements of style. Assyrian and Persian Ornament. Generalities by Paul Louis de Giafferri. National costumes of Assyria and Babylonia. Upper Garment of the Priest in Assyria and Babylonia.
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Assyrian warriors Assyrian citizens, nobility and court official Assyrian nobility and king. Assyrian or Babylonian Priest. Cloak of the Assyrian or Babylonian Priest. Priestly Robes worn by King in Assyria and Babylonia. Costumes common to both sexes. Palace of Chorsabad Persia. Assyrian furniture, jewelry and weapons Assyrian architecture decoration Ancient Assyrian costumes. Harem Door Nineveh Assyria. Second detail of glazed archivolte Portal at Nineveh.
Assyrian and Egyptian Charriots. Painted Low-relief at Kudjundshik. Assyrian and Persian Ornament Description. Painted Ornaments from Nimroud. The whole of the ornaments on this Plate are taken from Mr. We have treated them here as painted ornaments, supplying the colours in accordance with the principles indicated by those above, of which the colours are known. Enamelled Bricks from Khorsabad. Ornaments on a Bronze Shield, Ditto.
Ornaments from a Bronze Vessel, Nimroud. Enamelled Brick, from Khorsabad. Ornament on a Battering Ram, Khorsabad.
Ornament from a Bronze Vessel, Nimroud. Enamelled Bricks, from Khorsabad. Enamelled Brick, from Nimroud. Base of Column from Ruin No. Ornament on the Side of the Staircase of Palace No. Base of Column of Colonnade No. Base of Column, Palace No. Base of Column, Portico No. Base of Column at Istakhr.
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From Sassanian Capitals, Bi Sutoun. From Sassanian Capitals, at Ispahan. From a Sassanian Moulding, Bi Sutoun. Ornament from Tak I Bostan. Sassanian Ornaments from Ispahan. Archivolt from Tak I Bostan. Upper part of Pilaster, Tak I Bostan. Pilaster, Tak I Bostan. Capital of Pilaster, Tak I Bostan. Babylonians and Assyrians Military 1, 3, 7, 8, light-armed troops; 2, slingers, 4, 5 kings in war and hunting coat, 6, zither player; 9, king in chariots, siege towers and battering rams, 10, 11, 12, 14 reliefs with royal figures, 13, 15, reliefs with figures of ordinary warriors; ornaments.
Babylonian and Assyrian Helmets 1, 7, so-called sacred tree; , Ornaments spruce cones, lotus buds and flowers pattern , 11, 13 necklaces, 12, 16, , 30, from Babylonians and Assyrians weapons. Babylonian and Assyrian Weapons 1 plate armor with rear kilt, 2, 3, 8 gunners shield; 4 braided Hand Shield, 5 flat round shield, 6, 7, 9 deepened round shields with humps, 12, 13, 15, 16 hatchets, 14 double ax; daggers; 21 sickle knife, 22 to Babylonians and Assyrians pottery and furnitures.
Babylonian and Assyrian Pottery and Furnitures pottery; 10 glass vessels, 21, 22, 28 Temple vessels; altars, 26, 27, 30 parts of throne chairs, 29, 35 stool, 31, 32, 34 seats, 33, 36, 37 throne chairs. Babylonian and Assyrian Ceremonial and War 1, 7 deposits, 2, 3 tables with pedestal; 4,5 tabletops?
Babylonian and Assyrian Economy 1, 2 cargo carts with carters, 3, 5 barges, at the back of the building and a tent; 4 raft of beams and air-filled tubes; 6 landscape, archers on horseback and on foot, commander; 7 king and queen at the feast, servants; 8 portal of a royal castle, mobile throne chair. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Description Assyrian woman jewelry. Diary in photos, vol. V, , Library of the Congress. Public domain Public domain false false. This work is from the Matson G. Eric and Edith Photograph collection at the Library of Congress.
The earliest type of costume here is a rather elaborate shawl drapery worn without any tunic underneath.
Assyrian clothing
Later comes the tunic with various-fringed shawl draperies worn in addition, and some of the latest types have the tunic worn alone without the shawl draperies. The dates given for the costumes illustrated in this style have been verified at the British Museum. It should be remembered, as in the case of ancient Egyptians costume, that the dresses changed very slowly indeed, and most styles of this era were worn literally for hundreds of years.
The knee-length and full-length tunics with short sleeves are the most common dress worn to different types of headdress. There were essentially only two types of garment generally found in the representations of ancient Assyrian costume: The most common material for clothing was wool , although linen had been known from an early period and was often used for better-quality garments. Cotton did not become available until Sennacherib introduced it into Assyria in about BC, from which time it was used for the making of cloth.
Other materials sometimes used were leather and papyrus. The skins and furs of animals and metal were also in use, but chiefly for military and hunting costume. Though the actual specimens of these costumes are not possessed, it can still be inferred from the lavish ornament and, from references in the Old Testament writings that rich coloring prevailed.