His story entitled "Qodir" "Qodir" , depicts the feelings of a youth upon taking control of a tractor for the first time; it was published in by the Tajikistan government press. His collection of poetry appeared in , followed in by Vakhsh Vakhsh which depicts the Soviets' recovery of the Vakhsh marshes for cultivation. Rashid Abdullo joined the Union of Writers of Tajikistan in In , he was accused of slander, a charge that placed him in Stalin's prisons. He died in prison shortly after that. Abdullo graduated from Tajikistan State University in with a degree in Tajiki language and literature.
Abdulloev See Abdullozoda, Sherzod. Abdulloev, Ahmad Tajik literary critic Ahmad Abdulloev, also referred to as Ahmad Abdullo, was born into a scholarly family in the village of Bibishirin in the Boisun district of Surkhan Dariya province, on March 15, Abdulloev graduated from the Dushanbe Pedagogical Institute in and started work at the Rudaki Institute of Language and Lit- erature of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan in Abdulloev's research, which deals with Perso-Tajik literature, in- cludes analyses and appreciation of the works of medieval Tajik writers.
In this context, he has contributed the following: He received his doctorate degree in philology in As part of his effort to understand the language, culture, and lit- erature of pre-Mongol Central Asia, Abdulloev researched the works of Unsuri, Farrukhi, and Manuchihri. In the works of the latter, he looked for artistic innovations. Abdulloev joined the Union of Writers of Tajikistan in Abdulloev, Ibodullo Tajik music conductor Ibodullo Ermurodovich Abdulloev was born into a farmer's family in the village of Qaraqchiqum in the Konibodom district of northern Tajikistan, on December 9, Abdulloev began his career at the Leninabad Music School in as a teacher of violin.
He participated in the war effort from to For a while, thereafter, he was the violin player for the symphony orchestra attached to the Aini Theater for the Academy of Opera and Ballet. In , after he graduated from the Moscow State Conservatory, he returned to Dushanbe and continued his work there. The following are examples of works performed under his direction: Beginning in , Abdulloev began teaching music, first at the music schools and, after , as part of the staff of the Dushanbe Pedagogical Institute for the Arts.
He is recognized as one of the main promoters of symphonic music in the region. Abdulloev he was rec- ognized as a Distinguished Artist of Tajikistan in , and as a People's Artist of the Republic in Abdulloev began his career under the supervision of his father. Between and , he was the ghizhzhak xylophone player for the Kulab Theater for Dramatic Arts.
From to , he was a teacher at the Dushanbe Peda- gogical School of Music. Between and , he was music editor for Tajikistan Television. Abdulloev is the author of a volume on three major instru- ments: Abdulloev, Ziyodullo Tajik poet Ziyodullo Abdulloev, also referred to as Ziyo Abdullo, was born into a farming family in the village of Khishtkupruk of Qabodion on December 10, Abdulloev graduated from the Dushanbe Pedagogical Institute in He worked for a number of years thereafter as a teacher, reporter for Komsomoli Tojikiston, and a copy editor for Sadoi Sharq.
In , he joined the literary and artistic staff of the Union of Writers of Tajikistan. Abdulloev's first poems appeared early in the s. His early contri- butions are published in two volumes: The themes of Abdulloev's poetry include patriotism, the labor of the farmers, and the praises of the beautiful scenery of Tajikistan. Abdulloev joined the Union of Writers of the Soviet Union in Abdullokhujaev, Zaki Tajik physician and contagious disease specialist Zaki Yaqubovich Abdullokhujaev was born into a family of builders on February 12, , in Khujand.
From to , he was an intern and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Contagious Diseases at the same in- stitute. He became a physician in , and a professor in In subsequent years, he taught Tajiki language and literature in Uroteppa and Panjakent high schools. Abdullo- zoda joined the Union of Writers of Tajikistan in Yodi az Guzashtagon In Memory of the Departed , a collection of poetry published in , contains a number of Abdullozoda' s poems.
Abdullozoda, Sherzod Tajik historian Sherzod Abdullozoda, also referred to as Abdulloev, was born in the village of Niknom of Panjakent on September 26, He graduated from Middle School in Between and , he completed his post-graduate studies. In , he was appointed as the Director of the Department of Philosophy and Religion of the same institute.
The latter work deals with the philosophical and religious thought of Tajik intellectual Ahmad Donish. Abdullozoda has traveled to Iran and the republics of the former Soviet Union. Abdumannonov, Abdurahmon Tajik literary critic Abdurahmon Abdumannonov was born into a family of farmers in the village of Boghiston of Tashkent on April 6, Abdumannonov graduated from Tajikistan State University in Abdumannonov's research deals with the works of the Iranian poet Malak al-Shu'ara Bahar and the question of "new Persian poetry.
He is also one of the authors of the six-volume Ta'rikhi Adabiyoti Sovetii Tojik: Development of the Genres. He is also interested in the realist elements in the poetry of the Perso-Tajik peoples, especially the inception and development of socialist realism in contemporary Tajik literature. Abdumannonov became a member of the Union of Writers of the Soviet Union in Abdurahmonov, Fozil Tajik morphologist and physician Fozil Abdurahmonovich Abdurahmonov was born into a family of workers of Konibodom on December 5, He re- ceived his doctorate degree in medicine in In the same year he also became a professor, the Director of the Department of Normal Anatomy, and the Dean of the Faculty of Pediatrics.
Abdurahmonov has written a number of scientific studies including a monograph on Raghoi Khunguzari Sifoq The Blood Circulating Veins of the Peritoneum, Abdurahmonov was decorated with the Order of the Red Banner and several other medals. Abdurahmonov graduated from the Kuybishev State Medical In- stitute in In and , he served as a regiment doctor in the Soviet Army.
Between and , he served as the delivery physician at the Republic hospitals. He received his doctorate degree in medicine in Abdurahmonov's research deals with the interaction of vitamins during normal and not so normal pregnancies and with the various stages of pregnancy. Abdurahmonov was recognized as a Distinguished Physician of the Soviet Union in The following year, he was the director for the Vohidov State Youth Theater.
Between and , he joined the TajikFilm Studios as an actor. Abdurazzoqov was one of the best actors for the creation of national and classical figures of Tajik culture. The roles he created include the following: Ostrovskii, ; Yodgor in Dokhunda Dokhunda , by J. Ikromi, ; and many others. The productions created by Abdurazzoqov are national to the core. They include Khudorahmati May God Bless! Abdullo, ; Kupruk Bridge , by F. Abdurazzoqov was instrumental in the development of the Tajik theater, especially with regard to training young actors, forming en- sembles and traveling abroad on promotional tours.
Abdurazzoqov joined the Union of Cinematographers of the Soviet Union in Abdurazzoqov has retired but continues to work. From to , he was the Director of that Institute. He received his doctorate degree in biology in and became a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan in Abdusalomov has written a number of scientific works about the birds of Tajikistan and their habitat. He received his early education in school district No. He received his doctorate degree in history in , and at the same time was awarded the title of "Master of Sciences and Technology.
Adash Istad See Istadov, Adash. Adhamov graduated from the State University of Uzbekistan in and was a post-graduate student at the Moscow State Institute from to He received his doctorate degree in physics and mathematics in , and became a professor in In , he be- came an Academician at the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan. Under Adhamov's supervision, a number of ultrasonic and other electricity-related laboratories were established at the Institute of Physics.
Adhamov's research made inroads into molecular, acoustic, and theoretic views regarding wave expansion in liquids. Many graduate and post-graduate students and, indeed, many faculty benefited from his research and teaching techniques. In addition, he held many prominent physics- and mathematics-related positions at the national level. Adhamov's contributions include Pri- menenie metoda funktsii Grina v klassicheskoi statisticheskoi me- khanike Corresponding the Grin Functional Principles to the Me- chanics of Category and Number, Dushanbe, Adhamov was decorated with the Badge of Honor and several other medals.
Afsahzoda, A'lokhon Tajik literary critic and intellectual A'lokhon Afsahzoda was born into a farming family in the village of Voru of Panjakent on November 10, Afsahzoda graduated from Tajikistan State University in with a degree in Persian and Tajiki language and literature. Afsahzoda has published a considerable number of books and arti- cles on Tajik literature of the past and present. In , he published Abdulrahmon Jomi Abdulrahmon Jami an autobiography of the poet.
Afsar See Tabarov, Nur. Ahmad Abdullo See Abdulloev, Ahmad. He received his early education in Kulab. From to , he served as an intern and a physician in Kulab. In , he became the Minister of Health of the Republic. Ahmadov defended his thesis in and his doctoral dissertation in He is the recipient of several state prizes, including the Medal of Renown Service in and Ahmadov graduated from the Tajikistan State Medical Institute in From to , he was the Chief Doctor of the Leninabad Oncology Dispensary, as well as the Director of Oncology for all the districts of northern Tajikistan.
Ahmadov's research deals with the diagnosis and treatment of stomach cancer and the swelling of the skeleton in people with cancer. Between and , he con- tributed to the war effort as a Major in the Medical Corps. For the next decade, he worked in various medical institutions in Leninabad. From to , he served as the Acting Minister of Health of Tajikistan. Ahmadov defended his dissertation in and, in , became the Head of the endocrinologists of the Republic. Also from until , he was the Chief Doctor of endocrinology at the Republic level.
He was also recognized as a Distinguished Scientific Contributor to Health in Tajikistan in the s. Ahmadov died in Dushanbe on January 28, Ahmadov graduated from Tajikistan State University in He received his doctorate degree in history in and his professorship in Ahmadov graduated from the Tashkent State Medical Institute in He joined the war effort and served as the main medical doctor for his regiment until He became an intern in and, in , he became the representative of the United Congresses of Physiologists.
Between and , Ahmadov was the Minister of Health; in , he was an Assistant Professor; and in , he became the Head of the Committee organizing the 30th Congress of Physiologists of Central Asia and Kazakhstan held in Dushanbe. In the same year he received his doctorate degree in medicine. In he became a professor. Ahmadov received eight orders and a number of medals.
Between and , he taught general history at the Department of History. He received his doctorate degree in history in and became a professor of Tajik History and Methodology in Ahmadov's research deals with the problems of socialist competition and the contributions of the Tajiks as a people to the building of socialism. His other contributions include Sotsialis- ticheskoe sorevnovanie v promishlennosti Tadzhikistana Socialist Competition in Tajik Industry , Dushanbe, Ahmadov was recognized as a Distinguished Contributor to Tajik Culture in He received his early education in Tajik schools of the region.
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Ahrori graduated from Tajikistan State University in with distinction. At the present, he is the Director of the Middle East Division of the same institute. Ahrori has traveled to Iran, Afghanistan, and Russia. Aini, Kamol Tajik textual and literary critic Kamol Sadriddinovich Aini was born into a family of workers in Samarqand on May 15, Son of the famed Tajik author, Sadriddin Aini, Kamol Aini received his early education at home, as well as in the Tajik and Russian schools of the region.
He is the permanent President of the International Aini foundation.
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He is also one of the founders of "Paivand," and has served as its president. Aini joined the Union of Writers of Tajikistan in , and recently serves on its Board of Directors. Aini's contributions, which date to , fall into three main cate- gories: As an administrator and scholar, Aini has been tireless in organizing original textual materials dealing with the study of the orient, as well as in persuading colleagues to contribute to the enhancement of the treasury of Oriental manuscripts.
He also undertook the editorial responsibility for the five-volume text of Jami's Collected Works. His main concentration is on the works of Badriddin Hiloli and the contemporaries of Hiloli. At the present, he is one of the collaborators on a five-volume monumental work entitled Research on Ancient Culture and Understanding of the Avesta, as well as the founder of the Varorud Intercultural Organization.
Awards started in 1996
He grew up in the Ghizhduvon region of Bukhara in a traditional Islamic setting. His grandfather and father were both learned figures of the time and fol- lowers of the strict Kubravi school of thought. Orphaned at the age of 12, Aini left Saktara for Bukhara, where his older brother studied and where he hoped to pursue his own studies. With him he carried a vast number of popular stories and proverbs which he had learned by min- gling with the shopkeepers and laborers of Ghizhduvon.
In Bukhara, Aini became familiar with the world of his time through the works of Ahmad Donish. Donish had made three trips to Russia and had documented his observations in Navodir al-Vaqaye' Singular Events. Aini also drew on the knowledge and teachings of Domulla Ikromcha, a cleric with a refreshing and different view of life than his own contemporary colleagues. Aini's awakening, happening at the time of the October Revolution in Russia, impacted Aini's world view immensely, so that his lyric poetry, centered on the themes of love and nature, gave way to anthems in praise of the dawn of a new age for the working people of Bukhara.
Additionally, the more he learned about the new society in the making, the more he detested the regime that had fallen. He also gathered materials and wrote extensively on the transition that was taking place in Bukhara and the Kuhistan as new trends replaced the old.
Aini's knowledge of the atrocities of the Amirs was first hand. In- deed, he was arrested as a revolutionary by Alimkhan's henchmen and was imprisoned in the Arg. Unlike those whose hands were tied in the front--a sign to the watching crowd of the forthcoming execution--his hands were tied in the back.
He was administered 75 lashes of the whip. Aini would certainly have died had not Bukhara fallen to the Red Army that very day, so that he was taken to Kagan immediately to receive medical attention. Aini's contributions are manifold. As the father of Tajik and Uzbek literatures, he has written in both languages, although more extensively in Tajiki. He is recognized as one of the main figures of the Jadid movement.
In this regard he spearheaded the Maktabi Nov the new- method schools. He went personally to the homes of potential students and persuaded their parents to allow their children to attend the new schools. At school, he provided both the textbooks and the instruction himself. He even found locations where the schools could meet either openly or later on clandestinely. As a revolutionary, Aini started his literary career with such fiery poems as "Marshi Hurriet" "Song of Freedom" and "Inqilob" "Revolution" but, soon after, he chose prose as the medium that could best serve his purpose: Some of the major works of early Soviet Tajik literature are graced with his name.
Towards the end of his life Aini contributed to the growth of such Soviet journals as Ovozi Tojik and Tojikistoni Surkh. His most remarkable work is an account of his life, especially the formative period. Written in the s, it is called the Yoddoshtho Reminiscences ; it details life in Bukhara of the turn of the century in a most vivid and informative way. His Margi Sudkhur is, indeed, a classic of the Soviet screen, and is shown repeatedly to Tajik audiences. Aiyoubov graduated from the Kulab Pedagogical Institute in , the same year he joined the staff of Kulab's Rohi Lenini as a reporter.
Aiyoubov's early poems were published in local newspapers in the s. A volume of his selected poems appeared in Dushanbe in Aiyoubov's poetry deals with such lighter aspects of life as patri- otism and love. Desire for a better society for workers permeates his compositions. Lenin plays a major role in the verses of Aiyoubov. Aiyoubi has traveled to Iran and Germany. Aiyoubov, Salimjon Tajik journalist and author Salimjon Aiyoubov, also referred to by his penname Salimi Aioubzod, was born on August 18, , in the village of Haddi-shahr in the region of Maschoh.
He received his early education at home from his father who was a teacher. Later, he attended the Dushanbe School Number 3. Aiyoubov received his higher education between and in Perso-Tajik language and literature, in Dushanbe, where he attended the Tajikistan State University. At the present, he lives with his wife and two sons in Prague, Czech Republic.
Akbar Tursunzod See Tursunov, Akbar. Akbarov graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Dushanbe Pedagogical Institute in , specializing in language, lit- erature, and history. This was followed in by a year of service in the military. From to , he was a senior Lecturer at the same institute.
Akbarov's creative period dates to his school days. His first essays were published in Haqiqati Leninabad. Akbarov has traveled to Afghanistan and Russia. He received the medal of Renown Service in Akil Akilov See Oqilov, Oqil. Akobirov, Jonibek Tajik author Jonibek Akobirov was born into a family of workers in the village of Ravshan in the Komsomolabad province in Akobirov graduated from Tajikistan State University Evening Extension with a degree in history in The themes of Akobirov's stories are centered on rural life and life in the highlands.
He is particularly interested in the impact of urban life on the young Tajiks who leave their villages for the tranquility of the city only to be faced with urban perplexities. Akobirov's first collection of stories, Farzand Offspring , was published in Akobirov, Yusufjon Tajik author Yusufjon Akobirov was born on January 10, , into a family of physicians in the village of Saktara, in the Ghizhduvon province of Bukhara.
Akobirov graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Tajikistan State University in and found temporary employment with the monthly Sadoi Sharq. From to , he attended the Moscow Advanced School for Playwrights and, upon completion of that course, returned to Dushanbe. He worked with Tojikistoni Shavravi for a while, and then accepted the directorship of Sadoi Sharq. Akobirov's first dramatic work was staged in in Khujand. Akobirov's first novel, Zamini Padaron The Land of Forefathers, is also socio-politically oriented. Akobirov follows the socialist realism school in literature.
His primary novels have been translated into Russian and have been positively received as well. Akobirov joined the Union of Writers of the Soviet Union in Akramov, Narimon Tajik historian Narimon Mansurovich Akramov was born into a worker's family on June 1, , in the city of Khujand in northern Tajikistan. Akramov graduated from the Tajikistan State University in with a degree in history and philology.
Between and , he was a post-graduate student at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan. Akramov's studies are devoted to V. He is the recipient of a number of medals and awards. Ali Khush See Khushmuhammadzoda, Ali. He received his early education in both the traditional Islamic mektabs and in the new-method schools of Bukhara.
He received his doctorate degree in history and became a professor in Aliev joined the CPSU in He then be- came involved in revolutionary activities primarily in Bukhara, Kagan, and Charju. Between and , he was the head of the clandestine Party Committee of Charju.
Between and , he became the first Minister of Education of the Autonomous Republic of Tajikistan. In this capacity, he endeavored to eliminate all vestiges of illiteracy from Tajikistan. Aliev's career in science and pedagogy began in , when he taught at the State University of Central Asia. He was also one of the first translators of classical Marxist-Leninist literature. Aliev died in Alma-Ata now Almaty on January 16, Aliev graduated from the Samarqand Institute of Agriculture in , and from to worked at the Ghuzor Sovkhoz for raising Karakol sheep. From to , he was a Lecturer at the Department of Genetic Increase in Quadrupeds in the same institute.
Between and , he was a post-graduate student, as well as the Head of Tajikistan's Division at the Experimental Herding Station. He was the Acting President of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan between and , and from to , he was the Associate Minister of Agriculture of the Republic. He served as the Rector of the Institute of Agriculture in Aliev's research, which started in , is focused on the raising of "gusfandi Tajiki" or Tajik sheep, a variety of sheep richer in wool, fat, and meat than the ordinary sheep. He garnered the Ibn Sina State Prize in He was also recognized as a Distinguished Contributor to Science in for de- veloping a new variety of sheep.
Alimshoev, Salimsho Tajik poet Salimsho Alimshoev, also referred to as Halimsho Salimsho and Salimsho Halimsho, was born into a family of farmers in the village of Rivak of Shughnan on February 16, Alimshoev graduated from Tajikistan State University in Between and , he was on the literary staff and Head of the Literature Division of Tojikistoni Soveti.
His poetry appeared first in the mids. His first collection of poetry, entitled Rohi Qullaho Path to the Peaks , was published in From to , he was an editor, and later, Acting Director of Adabiyot va San'at. In , he became the Editor of Farhang. Alimshoev's poetry and stories deal with the October Revolution, V. Lenin, and implementation of Lenin's wishes, as well as the transformation of the rural culture in Tajikistan. Alimshoev joined the Union of Writers of the Soviet Union in Little is known about his education other than that he abandoned his studies at Tajikistan State University where he was working towards a degree in Tajiki language and literature.
His literary contributions consist of two books of poetry: She joined the CPSU in Aminova graduated from the Leninabad Pedagogical Institute in From then until , she taught at the regional schools of Khujand. In , she became the Director of Haqiqati Leninabad. Her early works were published in the mids. This latter was written in honor of the distinguished engineer of the Republic, Dilbarniso Nurmatova. In her poetry, Aminova discusses patriotism, love, loyalty, and the good life of free Soviet women. Many of her poems have been trans- lated into Russian and into the languages of the other republics of the former Soviet Union.
Military awards and decorations of Russia
Aminzoda, Muhiddin Tajik poet and tambourine player Muhiddin Aminzoda was born in , in the city of Khujand to a traditional family. His literary career, however, began in when his poems appeared in Ovozi Tajik and in the satirical journal Mullo Mushfiqi. He also studied music at the Uzbekistan School of Music and Choreography. In , he tried his hand at drama and contributed Sharaf Nobility , which was staged in the Leninabad Drama Theater. In , he coauthored Leninobod Leninabad with Rahim Jalil.
The themes of his poetry include emancipation of women, opposi- tion to religious zealotry, and traditionalism. Aminzoda's first collection of poetry was published in Satire is another genre to which Aminzoda contributed and, of which, he is, indeed, a founder in Tajik literature.
His satirical pieces were published in Khorpushtak and Mullo Mushfeqi. His first volume Chaman Meadow was published in He also drew on his poetic talent for translating the works of Pushkin, Gorkii, Lermontov, and others. Aminzoda joined the Union of Writers of the Soviet Union in He received the Badge of Honor and several other medals. Aminzoda died in Khujand on September 1, Aminzoda, Zebo Tajik dancer and ballerina Zebo Muhiddinovna Aminzoda was born into a family of professional artists in Stalinabad on October 3, She learned the intricacies of the profession from her grandmother, Zakirova Karomatkhon and her mother, Usmonova Oidinoi.
Her father is a famous poet and tambourine player, Muhiddin Aminzoda. Aminzoda is delicate in nature and noble in character. Over the years, she has blended Tajik folk dances with classical Western ballet and come up with forms that are at once new and refreshing. More importantly, she has created her dances around such major themes as life, labor, love, and the good fortune of her people. Neither is her talent restricted to the performance of Tajik dances. She is also accomplished in the performance of the dances of the peoples of the other republics of the former Soviet Union, and to a degree, of the world.
In addition, she was the main player in a number of spectacles, including Ashrofparast The Sycophant of Zh. Moliere, Ramayana Ramayana of N. Guseva, Lulion The Gypsies of A. Amirjonov, Sarvarjon Tajik poet Sarvarjon Amirjonov, also referred to as Sarvar, was born into a family of workers of the village of Eged of Qala'-i Khum on November 12, Amirjonov graduated from the Tajikistan State University in From to , he was the Chief Editor of Gazetei Muallimon.
The themes of Amirjonov's poetry include descriptions of nature, patriotism, friendship, and man's high spirit. He is particularly known for his couplets on ethical themes and love. Amirjonov joined the Union of the Writers of the Soviet Union in Amonov, Rajab Tajik intellectual, author, and folklorist Rajab Amonov was born in in the city of Uroteppa into a family of shoemakers. Amonov graduated from the Uroteppa Pedagogical Institute in For a year, he served as a teacher.
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Then he joined the Dushanbe Pedagogical Institute. However, he had to abandon this enterprise to join the war effort. After returning from war, he got married and con- tinued his education. Eventually, in , he graduated from the Dushanbe Pedagogical Institute. From on, he served as the Director of its Folklore section. In , he received his doctorate degree and in he became a professor.
This work was translated into Russian in Amonov's major contribution is Kuliyoti Folklori Tojik Collected Works on Tajik Folklore , a compilation in thirty-five volumes, dealing with all aspects of Tajik folklore. A considerable number of scholars, artists, and researchers contributed to Rajab Amonov's project. Most of his works are dedicated to an analysis and understanding of the works of local singers, poets, and musicians. Amonov joined the Union of the Writers of the Soviet Union in Rajab Amonov passed away on May 27, Ansori, Faizullo Tajik poet and playwright Faizullo Ansori was born on March 20, to a worker's family in Panjakent.
He graduated from the Dushanbe Pedagogical Institute in and became an instructor of language and literature. Between and , he was a member of the Radio Tajikistan Committee, serving in the literature and music divisions. In , he was appointed director of fine arts of Dushanbe Television; in he became Chief Editor of the literature division of Dushanbe television. Between and , he completed a literature course in Moscow and moved into TajikFilm as a screenwriter. Ansori's first poems were published in In , he published Kalkhot va Kabutar The Eagle and the Dove , a story in verse that boosted his career.
Additionally, Ansori was a successful playwright. All were well received by the audiences. Ansori joined the Union of Writers of the Soviet Union in Ansori passed away in Between , the year he graduated from the Moscow State Uni- versity with a degree in history, and , he worked at the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan. In , the Department of Philosophy of the Academy accepted him as a candidate in philosophy. Asadulloev then joined the staff of the Tajik State Medical Institute in and remained there until , teaching courses in philosophy. He rejoined the same institute again in and worked there until From to , he served as a Lecturer in philosophy and as a consultant for the Communist Party of Tajikistan.
He joined the Tajik government as an assistant to the President of the Republic in Asadulloev, Sa'dullo Tajik literary critic and scholar Sa'dullo Asadulloev was born into a religious family in the village of Qistakuz of Khujand on September 12, Asadulloev graduated from Tajikistan State University in Thereafter, he taught literature at the same institute until when he was appointed the Head of the Department of Tajik Literature at the Khujand State University. He became a full professor at Khujand State University in Asadulloev's research deals with the early history of Perso-Tajik literature.
Some of his essays have been published in journals in Iran and Afghanistan. Her father, Mukhtor Ashrafi, was a well-known composer and conductor in Uzbekistan and she is the wife of Tajik intellectual Kamol Aini. Thereafter, until she served as a research fellow in the Department of Manuscripts of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan. From to the present, she has been serving as a senior research fellow and chief researcher at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan.
She completed her post-doctorate work in Art History at the Institute of Art History in Moscow in , and she became a professor in Currently, she works in the Department of Humanities of the Tech- nological University of Tajikistan. In , he graduated from the Leningrad Conservatory. Between and , he served first as a teacher and then as a professor at the Tashkent Conservatory. Ashrafi moved to Dushanbe in Following the direction of Radio Tajikistan, he prepared a series of twenty Tajiki songs. In , he accompanied the Tajikistan Ensemble to Leningrad.
Ashrafi joined the Union of Writers of the Soviet Union in He became a People's Artist of the Soviet Union in Ashrafi died on December 15, , in Tashkent. Ashur Safar See Safarov, Ashur. Ashurmuhamadov, Yormahmad Tajik actor and playwright Yormahmad Ashurmuhamadov was born into a farming family in the city of Khorugh, Badakhshan, on March 1, Ashurmuhamadov graduated from the Khorugh Pedagogical School in From to , he was the director, the actor, and the head of the Youth Club of the region. In , he became the Director of the Badakhshan Museum.
As an actor, Ashurmuhamadov has skillfully created a number of memorable characters including Tavakkalkhoja in Chanori Guyo Speaking Plain Tree , by S. Abdullo, ; and others. Ashurmuhamadov became a People's Artist of Tajikistan in Ashurov, Ghaffor Tajik philosopher Ghaffor Ashurov was born into a family of farmers in the Tajikabad region on March 5, He received his early education in the new-method school of Gharm.
Ashurov graduated from the Moscow Sociological Institute in Between and , he was a post-graduate student majoring in the history of philosophy. In and , he was a Scientific Worker. Between and , he was the Director of the Department of Philosophy. From to , he became the Director of the Philosophy division of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan.
He was a member of the Board of the Directors of the Academy. He had gained full membership at the Academy in He repeated the same position between and In his research, Ashurov has addressed three major philosophical issues: Ashurov won the Ibn Sina State Prize in Ashurov has traveled to Germany and the Czech Republic. Askar Hakim See Hakimov, Askar. Asrori graduated from the Language and Literature division of Tashkent Pedagogical Institute in Between and , he contributed to the war efforts. After the war he worked for the Ministry of State Supervision and later for the Pioniri Tojikiston journal.
Shortly thereafter, he moved to Dushanbe and, in Following that he was employed by the teacher-training division of the same Institute as an instructor. After he completed his studies, in , he became one of the first professors of the State University of Dushanbe Named After Zhlanov. Asrorov's first poems and early writings appear in Asrorov See Asrori, Vohid. Asrorov graduated from Tajikistan State University with a degree in Tajiki language and literature in He remained at that University until , when he defended a doctorate dissertation entitled Siyavosh dar Shohnomai Firdawsi Siyavosh in Firdowsi's Shahname.
Shodi Asrorov died in Atoboev, Abdusalom Tajik intellectual and playwright Abdusalom Atoboev, also referred to as Atozoda, was born into a farming family in the village of Qal'achai Mazor in the Isfara province of northern Tajikistan on April 20, Atoboev graduated from the Dushanbe Pedagogical Institute with a degree in philology in Atoboev's early stories were published in the s. Recognized as one of Tajikistan's prominent playwrights, Atoboev wrote plays dealing with Tajik history and society, as well as with the moral problems of the contemporary world.
In his play, entitled Surudi Notamom Unfinished Anthem , he depicts the life and work of the well-known Iranian poet Robi'a Balkhi. Similarly, his play, Foji'ai Inson The Calamity of Man , depicts the history of the peoples of the west. Atoboev joined the Union of Writers of the Soviet Union in He died in Dushanbe on April 28, Atoulloeva graduated from the Gorkii Institute of Literature in Moscow in , and until , was on the staff of Tojikistoni Soveti. From to , she worked for Zanoni Tojikiston.
In , she became the Acting Editor of Gozetai Muallimon. Since , she has worked at various positions in the printed media including holding the chief editorship of two journals: Atoulloeva's early poems were published in Bairaqi Oktiobr in Thereafter, her poems were published in the other journals in the Republic, as well as in the collection entitled Shukufahoi Umidbakhsh Hope-Inspiring Blossoms in Atoulloeva is a lyricist. Her poems are about patriotism, mother- hood, childhood, pure love, and happiness. Although mostly traditional, her compositions are not devoid of forays into the domain of new poetry.
Atoulloeva joined the Union of the Writers of the Soviet Union in Atozoda See Atoboev, Abdusalom. She entered the Bukhara Women's Pedagogical Institute in and worked with the havaskoron amateur group. In , she joined the traveling Theater of Tashkent Workers. Between and , when she received her degree in director- ship and advanced ballet, Azimova attended the State Institute of Dramatic Arts Named After Lunacharskii.
After , she served as the chief ballet dancer of the State Philharmonic Society of Tajikistan, teaching her art to the younger generation of Tajiks. In and , Azimova served a stint in Kabul. Azimova received the title of People's Artist of Tajikistan in Azizi, Bahriddin Tajik author and poet Bahriddin Azizi, also referred to as Azmi, was born to a scholarly family in Uroteppa in He received his early education in the traditional schools maktabi kuhna of the region.
After , he continued his education in the schools of Bukhara. After graduating from the Tashkent Teacher Training School, he returned to Uroteppa where he was employed as a teacher. He also served on the Executive Committee of the city and as a member of the city's judiciary. Writing under the penname of Azmi, he lambasted the atrocities of the Manghit Amirs of Bukhara. In the s, he wrote satires in both Uzbeki and Tajiki under various pennames, including "Tarsonchak," "Tarsaki," and others.
His major articles were published in the satirical journal Mushfiqi. His major themes include elimination of superstitions, eradicating traditional mores and customs, as well as opposition to social ills. Azizi died in Uroteppa in He received his early education in the new- method schools of the region. Thereafter, until , he served as a surgeon in the Jilikul region. From to , he was a Lecturer. Azizov defended his thesis in , and his doctoral dissertation in In , he became an Assistant Professor. From to the present, he has been the Head of the same department. Azmi See Azizi, Bahriddin.
Bahori graduated from the literature division of the Leninabad Peda- gogical Institute in Soon after graduation, he was awarded an as- sistantship in the instruction of Tajik literature there. In , he be- came the Chief Editor of the literature division of the radio station of the region. Bahori's later career involves the editorship of several jour- nals including Pioniri Tojikiston, Tojikistoni Soveti, and Sharqi Surkh now Sadoi Sharq. He worked at Irfon Publications from to From to , he was a literary consultant for the Union of Writ- ers of Tajikistan.
Since , he has been a free-lance writer. In his prose pieces, Bahori tackles social themes arising from contemporary Soviet society. Bahori's most well-known work, entitled Sarakhbori Zindagi Head- line News of Life, is a story in verse dedicated to the workers of Tajikistan. His other works include the collection Dili Biqaror Unsettled Heart, , as well as the following pieces: Bahori also delves into science fiction.
Bahori joined the Union of Writers of the Soviet Union in Bahovaddinov graduated from the Samarqand Pedagogical Institute in As a post-graduate student, he worked at the Samarqand Peda- gogical Institute for a while, then moved to Dushanbe, and went from there to the war front. He became a doctor of philosophy in , a pro- fessor in , and a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sci- ences of Tajikistan in His scientific work begins in Bahovaddinov's studies are based on the works of Ibn Sina and on the development of socialist thought in the Tajikistan of the late s and early s.
He is the first Tajik philosopher to use the works of Ibn Sina as the basis of his studies. Today, Bahovaddinov's students are contributing to our understand- ing of philosophy not only in Tajikistan but also in the other republics of the former Soviet Union. Bahovaddinov 's other publications include "Vidaiushchiisia pamyatnik filosofskoi misli tadzhiskogo naroda," Voprosi filosofii "Outstanding Philosophical Works of the Tajiks," Philosophical Questions, , No.
He died on February 23, , in Dushanbe. He received his early education in the new-method Russian schools of Lenkoron before he traveled to Iran in , where he was employed as an instructor in the town of Astara. For the next decade, he worked at various positions in the Department of Education and with the media. Bahrom's poetic career dates to , but surprisingly enough, his first collection of poetry does not appear until , when Hadiya Gift , a collection of verses and short stories, was published in Dushanbe.
In the same year, he also published a work entitled Yoddoshtho Reminiscences. His writings are mostly technical; some include literary concepts that appear in Tajikistan for the first time. Bahrom died in Dushanbe in Bandishoeva, Savsan Tajik actor Savsan Bandishoeva was born into a farmer's family in the village of Vomari in the Rushon district in Bandishoeva's artistic career began in , when she performed as a member of the havaskoron amateur group of the district of Rushon. In , she moved to Dushanbe and from there accompanied the Tajik artists who were going to Moscow to participate in the Decade of Tajik Art.
She performed her role in with great success. From to , she performed in the regional musical and comedy theater at Khorugh. Bandishoeva is both a singer and an actor. Rozia, from the play Rozia Rozia , by E. Akubjonov and Zeleranskii, is the first role she created. Shakar introduced her as a dramatic actor. Ostrovskii's Gunahkovoni Bigunoh Guiltless Sinners with unmitigated success. Bandishoeva retired from the theater in She became a People's Artist of Tajikistan in and received the Badge of Honor, and other medals. Baqoeva's career began in when she joined the traveling theater of Bukhara; it continued in the Lahuti State Academy of Dramatic Arts.
During her career she portrayed the lives of many bold and courageous, as well as kind and considerate women. Schiller, ; Jannatkhon in Tuhmat Slander , by S. Hamza, ; Modar in Tyi Celebration , by S. Ghani, ; and others.
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In addition, she also participated in dubbing many films and played women's roles for both radio and television. Baqozoda graduated from the Orlov school system and went into teaching. He was deeply concerned with issues affecting education and tried to safeguard the linguistic, cul- tural, and historical integrity of the Tajiks.
Baqozoda died in Baqozoda, Jura Tajik literary critic Jura Baqozoda was born into a scholarly family in Samarqand on September 22, Baqozoda graduated from Samarqand State Institute in Baqozoda's literary career dates to His contributions include Khususiyathoi Novpardozi: Masalai Kharakter The Particularities of the New: Baqozoda wrote a number of essays on the relationship of Tajik lit- erature with the literatures of the other republics of the former Soviet Union. He also wrote pieces on realism, especially social realism, and its impact on the lives of the peoples of Central Asia.
Baramikov graduated from the State Institute of United Cinematog- raphers in and was employed by TajikKino, which later changed its name to TajikFilm. In addition to being a cinematographer, Barami- kov produced a number of films and wrote screenplays for films. Mazra'hoi Pakhta Cotton Fields, exemplifies his work. He joined the Union of Writers of the Soviet Union in He re- ceived two Orders of the Badge of Honor and other medals. Baramikov died in Dushanbe on September 16, Barotbekov, Yuldoshbek Tajik painter and woodcarver Yuldoshbek Barotbekov was born in Uroteppa in He studied painting under the supervision of Rauf Naqqash, also referred to as Rauf Shaiton, and woodcarving under the supervision of Ashur Ghafurov, also referred to as Ashuri Farghonagi.
The decoration of the Rudaki Museum in Panjakent is an example of his work. His paintings are distinguished by their special flower arrangements, while his carvings are known for their singular depth. The designs of his carvings consist of three- and five-leaf clusters, heart-shaped knots, hammer and sickle, and five- corner stars. Barotbekov died in Uroteppa in He defended his thesis on Geology and Mineralogy in and began working at the Institute of Geology.
Barotov became a Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, and a professor in Since then he has served the Academy of Sciences of Tajiki- stan in various administrative and academic positions. For instance, he has suggested the detailed schematics for the di- vision of the metallurgy zones of the central regions of the Republic. Barotov has participated in many conferences and has served on many committees, including the National Committee of Geologists of the Soviet Union.
From to , he was the Chief Veterinarian of the Kangurt Sovkhoz. Between and , he was a Junior and Senior Scientific Worker. He received his doctorate degree in biology in Berdiev's research deals with iodine deficiency in animals in south- ern Tajikistan. He is also interested in the ways animals adjust to the high altitude conditions. Berdiev's contributions include O ratsion- al'nikh printsipakh peremeshchenia ovets na visokogornie pastbishcha.
General Recommen- dations, Dushanbe, Berdieva graduated from the Tajikistan State University in She received her doctorate degree in philology in and became a professor in Berdieva's research deals with Arabic vocabulary and structural ele- ments that have found their way into the Tajiki language. She is also in- terested in sociolinguistics and issues of preventing foreign words from entering the Tajiki language.
Berdieva's contributions include Leksika i grammaticheskie elementi arabskogo iazika v tadzhikskom Arabic Words and Grammatical Compositions in Tajiki, Dushanbe, Berdieva was recognized as a Distinguished Contributor to Tajik education in Boboev See Soleh, Muhammadzamon. From to , he was a post-graduate student at the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. He received his doctorate degree in physics and mathematics in and became a professor in He has patented more than ten inventions, five of which have been tested and employed.
Boboev joined the Union of Journalists of the Soviet Union in , and the Scientific Association of Soviet Physicists dealing with liquid crystals in Boboev is retired, no retirement date is available. Boboev graduated from the University of Samarqand with a degree in Persian and Tajiki languages and literatures in In , he joined the staff of Dushanbe Pedagogical Institute.
He was member of the Supreme So From Scythian times until recent decades, buzkashi has remained a legacy of that bygone era. After the Taliban regime was ousted, the game resumed being played. The park in History A wreath laying ceremony in the park. A parade in the park in Victory Park was opened in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of —, however, the architectural and sculptural memorial complex was built in The central area is filled with an eternal fire, alley of Heroes with high relief and sculpture Mother.
At the foot of the stair is a granite slab with inscriptions in Tajik soldiers that were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The park provided a cascade near the monument. On holidays, Victory Day parades are in the park such as in and Retrieved April 5, Jabbor Rasulovich Rasulov Tajik: In , he graduated from the Central Asian Cotton Institute.
From to , he worked as a cotton farmer at an agricultural station. Kiblay Village in the Temurmalik District was one of the most heavily damaged areas within Tajikistan as a result of the floods. Yunis Asker oglu Aliyev Azerbaijani: In , he was drafted to the Soviet Armed Forces and assigned to Tajikistan. His first fight against Armenian army was in Aghdara. On 4 May , he prepared a plan called "Yaltahil" to prevent the attacks of Armenians in the Talysh settlement of the Tapqaraqoyunlu village of the Goranboy District.
That operation was successful. One day later, Armenian soldiers suddenly attacked the positions of Azerbaijani army. This is a list of people on the banknotes of different countries. Banknotes in circulation Abkhazia Currency: Apsar since See also Abkhazian apsar. LSee also Albanian lek. Kyrgyzskaya Respublika , and also known as Kirghizia,[9] is a country in Central Asia. It is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west and southwest, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east.
Its capital and largest city is Bishkek. Kyrgyzstan's recorded history spans over 2, years, encompassing a variety of cultures and empires. Although geographically isolated by its highly mountainous terrain, which has helped preserve its ancient culture, Kyrgyzstan has been at the crossroads of several great civilizations as part of the Silk Road and other commercial and cultural routes.
Though long inhabited by a succession of independent tribes and clans, Kyrgyzstan has periodic The Order of Lenin Russian: The order was the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union. The order was awarded to: Civilians for outstanding services rendered to the State Members of the armed forces for exemplary service Those who promoted friendship and cooperation between peoples and in strengthening peace Those with meritorious services to the Soviet state and society[1] From to , before the institution of specific length of service medals, the Order of Lenin was also used to reward 25 years of conspicuous military service.
Those who were awarded the titles "Hero of the Soviet Union" and "Hero of Socialist Labour" were also given the order as part of the award. It was also bestowed on cities, companies, factories, regions, military units and ships. Corporate entities, various educational instituti Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin ; Russian: Putin was born in Leningrad during the Soviet Union. He studied law at Leningrad State University, graduating in He moved to Moscow in and joined President Boris Yeltsin's administration, rising quickly through the ranks and becoming Acting President on 31 December , when Yeltsin resigned.
This list is an up-to-date roster of those fighters currently under contract with the ONE Championship brand. Fighters Heavyweight Ib, Following the defeat of the Sassanids at the Arab conquest of Persia, the Sassanid standard was recovered by one Zerar bin Kattab,[1] who received 30, dinars for it. After the jewels were removed, Rashidun Caliph Umar is said to have burned the standard. Iranian folklore encompasses the folk traditions that have evolved in Iran. Folktales Storytelling has an important presence in Iranian culture. She goes to Moses and asks for an extension of the cold winter days, so tha Joseph Stalin[b][c] born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili;[a] 18 December — 5 March was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian ethnicity.
He ruled the Soviet Union from until his death in , holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from to and the nation's Premier from to Initially presiding over an oligarchic one-party system that governed by plurality, he became the de facto dictator of the Soviet Union by the s. Ideologically committed to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, Stalin helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism—Leninism, while his own policies became known as Stalinism.
He edited the party's newspaper, Pravda, and raised funds for Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction via robberies, kidnappings, and protection rackets. Repeatedly arrested, he underwent several He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and he created one of the largest empires of the ancient world by the age of thirty, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. Alexander was awarded the generalship of Greece and used this The Federation Guard typically provides the guard of honour for official ceremonies in Australia.
A guard of honour en-GB , guard of honor en-US , also honour guard en-GB , honor guard en-US , also ceremonial guard, is a guard, usually military in nature, appointed to receive or guard a head of state or other dignitary, the fallen in war, or to attend at state ceremonials, especially funerals. In military weddings, especially those of commissioned officers, a guard, composed usually of service members of the same branch, form the Saber arch. In principle any military unit could act as a guard of honour.
However, in some countries certain units are specially designated for guard of honour duty. Guards of Honour also serve in the civilian world for fallen police officers and other civil servants. Certain religious bodies, especially Churches of the Anglican Communion and the Methodist movement, have the tradition of an Honour Guard Landlocked and mountainous, it bordered Tajikistan and China to the south, Uzbekistan to the west and Kazakhstan to the north. The Kirghiz branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union governed the republic from until On 31 August , it transformed into independent Kyrgyzstan.
Etymology The name "Kyrgyz" is believed to have been derived from the Turkic word for "forty", in reference to the forty clans of Manas, a legendary hero who unite In , she took first place in the international Russian-language Five Stars Intervision Pyat' zvyozd Intervidinie music contest. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the governing Communist Party of the Soviet Union from until He was the country's head of state from until , serving as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from to , Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from to , and President of the Soviet Union from to Ideologically a socialist, he initially adhered to Marxism-Leninism although following the Soviet collapse moved toward social democracy.
Growing up under the rule of Joseph Stalin, in his youth he operated combine harvesters on a collective farm before joining the Communist Party, which then governed the Soviet Union as a one-party state. While studying at Moscow State University, he married fellow student Raisa Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov[a] 22 April [1] — 21 January , better known by the alias Lenin,[b] was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician, and political theorist.
He served as head of government of Soviet Russia from to and of the Soviet Union from to Under his administration, Russia and then the wider Soviet Union became a one-party communist state governed by the Russian Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, he developed political theories known as Leninism. Born to a wealthy middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's execution.
Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Russian Empire's Tsarist government, he devoted the following years to a law degree. He moved to Saint Petersburg in and became a senior Marxist activist. In , he was arrested for sedition and exiled to Shushenskoye for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his exile, he Abdumuqit Vohidov is a citizen of Tajikistan who was held in extrajudicial detention, for five years, in the United States' Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba.
His Guantanamo Internment Serial Number was Vohidov was returned to his native Tajikistan on 28 February At Kandahar Airfield, he complained to Cpt. Danner that he had been housed in a more humane prison by the Taliban, where he had been given a radio, fresh fruit and proper toilet facilities. Vohidov and Sharopov received sentences of The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East It is a transcontinental country largely located in Asia; the most western parts are located in Europe.
It also has vast mineral resources. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, ro Popularly known as Captain Fantastic, having scored joint 2nd highest number of goals in international matches among active players with Lionel Messi after Cristiano Ronaldo. A swastika is a symbol found in many cultures, with different meanings, drawn in different styles.
The winners of these tournaments were crowned Bellator champions, with the winners of successive tournaments in the same weight class earning the spot of no. This list is an up-to-date roster of those fighters currently under contract with the Bellator brand. Unlike the UFC, Bellator does allow its fighters to compete in other promotions, so many fighters on this list may appear in MMA events outside of Bellator.
Fighters are organized by weight class and within their weight class by their num Etymology There are several theories on the origin of ethnonym Kyrgyz. It is often said to be derived from the Turkic word kyrk "forty" , with -iz being an old plural suffix, so Kyrgyz literally means "a collection of forty tribes".
It is considered one of the less technical m peaks in the world to climb and it has by far the most ascents of any m or higher peak on Earth, with every year seeing hundreds of mountaineers make their way to the summit. It was thought to be the highest point in the Pamirs in Tajikistan until , when Ismoil Somoni Peak known as Stalin Peak at the time was climbed and found to be more than metres higher. Two mountains in th China, officially the People's Republic of China PRC since , is a country in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.
Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau. China emerged as one of the world's earliest civilizations, in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. For millennia, China's political system was based on hereditary monarchies, or dynasties, beginning with the semi-legendary Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE.
The Taliban emerged in as one of the prominent factions in the Afghan Civil War[38] and largely consisted of students talib from the Pashtun areas of eastern and southern Afghanistan who had been educated in traditional Islamic schools, and fought during the Soviet—Afghan War. The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was established in and the Afghan c O'zbekiston Respublikasi Mustaqilligi kuni is an official national holiday in Uzbekistan, celebrated on the first of September.
That same day, the Supreme Soviet of Uzbekistan adopted a resolution on the declaration of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan and a law on the state independence of Uzbekistan. Once the laws were signed by Karimov, the Uzbek SSR was renamed to the Republic of Uzbekistan[2] The next day was then declared a national holiday and a day off from work by the government. Celebratory History In , Independence Day was celebrated for the first time. The article Religions by country has a sortable table from the Pew Forum report. Hindi cinema, often metonymously referred to as Bollywood, is the Indian Hindi-language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai formerly Bombay , Maharashtra, India.
The term being a portmanteau of "Bombay" and "Hollywood", Bollywood is a part of the larger cinema of India also known as Indywood ,[6] which includes other production centers producing films in other Indian languages. Post-Soviet states alphabetical order 1. On the previous day, 25 December, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the USSR, resigned, declared his office extinct and handed over its powers—including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes—to Russian It shares land borders with India and Myanmar Burma.
The country's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area. Dhaka is its capital and largest city, followed by Chittagong, which has the country's largest port. Bangladesh forms the largest and easternmost part of the Bengal region. Islam is the official religion of Bangladesh. Outside Iran, zoorkhanehs can be found in Azerbaijan, and they were introduced into Iraq in the midth century, where they seem to have existed until the s[2]. It combines martial arts, calisthenics, strength training and music.
Number of terrorist incidents worldwide The following is a list of terrorist incidents that have not been carried out by a state or its forces see state terrorism and state-sponsored terrorism. Assassinations are listed at List of assassinated people. Definitions of terrorism vary, so incidents listed here are restricted to those that: The modern sense of terrorism emerged in the midth century. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry,[5] divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages, nine of which have official status.
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