German and Scandinavian Philosophy. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Jon Stewart has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, , to be identified as the editor of this work. German and Scandinavian philosophy. Kierkegaard, S0ren, - Influence. Philosophy, German - 19th century.
Philosophy - Scandinavia - History'- 19th century. Stewart, Jon Jon Bartley Stewart, Jon Jon Bartley B Kierkegaard as a Forerunner of Pessimistic Existentialism Roe Fremstedal Index of Persons Index of Subjects Wilhelm Dilthey Kierkegaard's Influence on Dilthey's Work Elisabetta Basso Appraising something like an "influence" of Kierkegaard in Wilhelm Dilthey's work appears to be a quite difficult task since one can actually find only a single reference to the Danish philosopher in Dilthey's complete works. Moreover, this reference does not concern especially Kierkegaard's works or concepts.
The context where it appears is the academic lectures that Dilthey gave at the University of Berlin in the last years of the nineteenth century on the "general history of philosophy," a history of which he outlined the "biographic and literary plan. In any event, it is indisputable that he was aware of the increasing attention that Kierkegaard was receiving in Germany at the turn of the century.
One should mention, in this respect, the "Annual Report on the Post-Kantian Philosophy" presented respectively by Dilthey himself and Alfred Heubaum in in the journal that Dilthey, at that time, edited together with Ludwig Stein —the Archiv fur Geschichte der Philosophic—where Heubaum reviewed the recent German translations of 1 Wilhelm Dilthey, "Biographisch-literarischer Grundriss der allgemeinen Geschichte der Philosophie," in his Allgemeine Geschichte der Philosophic: Vorlesungen , in Gesammelte Schriften, vols.
The translations from Dilthey's works are mine, unless otherwise noted. A Modest Head Start: Ashgate Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources, vol. In this respect, it is worth mentioning the bibliographical preface written by Christoph Schrempf for the German edition of Haffding's work, in order to have an idea of the increasing presence of Kierkegaard in the German philosophical scene at that time.
Schhften undAussatze , vols. Malik in his Receiving Seren Kierkegaard: Catholic University of America Press wrongly attributes these reviews to Dilthey pp. So also does Heiko Schulz in his article on Kierkegaard's reception in Germany: The German Reception of Kierkegaard," p. Dilthey's report, for its part—in this same issue of the Archiv fur Geschichte der Philosophie—concerned some "Schriften Uber Schelling, K. Max Niemeyer , p. Also, the theologian Ernst Troeltsch wrote a review of H0ffding's book in , where he remarked precisely the increase every year in the attention that Kierkegaard was receiving in Germany at that time: Interestingly enough, in an essay from on "Logos und Mythos in Theologie und Religionsphilosophie," Troeltsch mentions Kierkegaard in the same way as Dilthey did it, namely, together with Tolstoy and Maeterlinck: Zur religidsen Lage, Religionsphilosophie und Ethik, pp.
Originally published in Logos, vol. For a complete account of Kierkegaard's reception in the German world, see Malik, Receiving Seren Kierkegaard, chapter 8: Kierkegaard's Influence on Dilthey s Work 87 philosophers of the nineteenth century, one who had struggled against speculative philosophy and underscored individual existence. One commentator goes so far as to maintain that many in Germany who had their first acquaintance with Kierkegaard via Heffding were infected by the misconception entailed by the latter's study of on Kierkegaard "as philosopher," one that equated Kierkegaard's subjectivity with subjectivism.
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Nevertheless, Dilthey would never mention Kierkegaard again in his works, and therefore it is impossible to reach a final answer about the real weight of the Danish philosopher in his thought. Even though one could be tempted to compare the two authors with regard to some points they seem to share—like, for instance, the problem about how to reconcile the singularity of the individual experience with the universality of the philosophical categories, or the criticism of Hegel's system—yet it is impossible to know exactly which of Kierkegaard's works Dilthey really knew.
In any event, one should remark that the names of the two philosophers very often appear together in the works of some of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century—like, for instance, Martin Heidegger or Karl Jaspers —and it would be certainly worth questioning the meaning of such a double reference or even coupling. Jahrhundert," Archiv fur Geschichte der Philosophie, vol.
That is why in section II of the bibliography of this article "Sources of Dilthey's Knowledge of Kierkegaard" , in addition to Kierkegaard's translated works in German, we just confine ourselves to the works somehow related to H0ffding's works, since H0ffding is present in the journal edited by Dilthey and Stein, the Archiv fur die Geschichte der Philosophie.
For a complete bibliographical account of the secondary literature on Kierkegaard in the German- speaking countries at the time of Dilthey, see Schulz, "Germany and Austria: A Modest Head Start," pp. Notizen zu einer historisches Typologie," Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook, , pp. Some interpreters do not agree indeed with this historiographical scheme and believe that it is wrong to consider Dilthey a Lebensphilosoph. Interestingly enough, Alfredo Marini—in his Alle origini della filosofia contemporanea— maintains that Dilthey's philosophical project cannot be equated either with "an existentialist philosophy of interiority like that of Kierkegaard, or with Nietzsche's 'Entlarvungspsychologie; " since Dilthey's aim is rather to "found experience scientifically.
Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Stirner are isolated men who lead a dramatic life. From the point of view of science, the "way of the inner experience" is pathological. Whoever privileges it—although within the scientific or philosophical field—assumes a connotation of abnormality or eccentricity. Dilthey, for his part, is certainly not a victim of "temperament" He is not urged by a strong existential "vocation": Dilthey is a philosopher who comes from a rationalist tradition; he is close to Kant's Criticism, and Positivism, and he conceives philosophy as a science.
After he studied theology at the University of Heidelberg until , Dilthey moved to the University of Berlin, where he came into contact with Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg " and August BOckh , two students of Friedrich Schleiermacher , who involved him in the edition of Schleiermacher's Austria: A Modest Head Start," p. In our case, we could say that such a way of "using" both Dilthey and Kierkegaard together falls within the category of a "receptive production.
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Kritik der idealistische Vernunft: Antinomie dell'esperienza, fondazione temporale del mondo umano, epistemologia della connessione, Florence: La Nuova Italia , p. Kierkegaard's Influence on Dilthey s Work 89 letters. Between the publication of Aus Schleiermachers Leben in Briefen in '8 the second part of which would be published two years later and the biography ,19 Schleiermacher became the focus of Dilthey's interests.
He also wrote his dissertation on Schleiermacher's ethics in De principiis ethices Schleiermacheri. This encounter with the German theologian and philosopher was crucial for the young Dilthey, whose later hermeneutical perspective is indebted to Schleiermacher's concept of understanding as grounded on the historical and psychological nature of communication. In Berlin, Dilthey also met the most influential figures of the Historical School, like the jurist Friedrich Karl von Savigny , the linguist Jacob Grimm , and the historian Leopold von Ranke , to whom he would later acknowledge the merit of having raised historical knowledge to the rank of a science, and therefore of having laid the foundations for the development of the human sciences Geisteswissenschaften.
He was finally appointed in —as successor of Hermann Lotze —to the chair in philosophy in Berlin that Hegel had once held. He would hold it until Member of the "PreuBische Akademie der Wissenschaften" since , he promoted an edition of the complete works of Kant, and then one of the early writings of Hegel, which would be published in by Herman Nohl University of Chicago Press , p.
Reprinted in his Gesammelte Schriften, vols. Geburtstag," in his Gesammelte Schriften, vol. Einleitung in die Philosophie des Lebens, tome 1, Abhandlungen zur Grundlegung der Geisteswissenschaften, ed.
Ein Lebensbild in Briefen und Tagebiichern, , ed. Teubner ; 2nd ed. Teubner ; 6th ed, GSttingen: In Dilthey published a work on the young Hegel that made use of the recently discovered theological and political fragments Die Jugendgeschichte Hegels.
The same Nohl would publish it in in a volume collecting Dilthey's writings on the history of German idealism: Wilhelm Dilthey, Gesammelte Schriften, vol. For Dilthey, it was a matter of working out a new critique of reason which would also take into account man's historical and social world. Thus, in a writing of on "the study of the history of the sciences of man, society, and state,"24 he outlined a project of defining a scientific field which differed from that of the natural sciences in that it required different methods.
Such a project became more explicit in the Introduction to the Human Sciences which he published in ,25 and where he clearly formulated a distinction between the natural sciences Naturwissenschaften and the human sciences Geisteswissenschaften. In this work, Dilthey intended to provide the latter with a logical, methodological, and gnoseological foundation. In doing so, he emphasized the fact that their distinction from the natural sciences did not lie in a metaphysical incommensurability between two different substances, but in that they possessed their own explanatory principles.
Such a distinction is also at the root of the main works that Dilthey wrote during the s: Teubner ; 6th ed.
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