Synonyms and antonyms of Primärgruppe in the German dictionary of synonyms

Wintersemester 2016/17

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Lateinamerika-Institut (LAI)

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This series of two sequential courses has two objectives. First, students develop and carry out a research project. The practical experience thus gained helps to consolidate the knowledge and skills in empirical social research.

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In the two subsequent semesters of this course, students plan and carry out all the phases of a social research project lege artis. In groups, students learn the basic theories and approaches, decide upon a research question, develop a theoretical frame within which to locate the research question, develop an adequate research design and the respective instrument of data collection, and finally analyze and present the data and the resulting answer to the research question.

To this aim, the course focuses on a very well established concept of the sociology of emotions, the concept of emotional work or emotional labor. Despite its semantic flexibility, emotional work is a concept that provides a valuable bridge between the two disciplines of sociology and economics.

The Stranger | Georg Simmel, translated by Ramona Mosse

In addition, it is relatively easy to observe, which again speaks to the first objective of the course. But what is more, its embeddedness in neutral sociological theorizing aside, the idea emotional labor is also present in contemporary cultural discourses addressing and for the most part criticizing current forms of personal exploitation in the economy and in society. Exam methodology Kontinuierliche Beurteilung der Mitarbeit und der Diskussionsbereitschaft, Referate, Forschungsdesign, Zwischenbericht.

Exam methodology Continuous assessment of classroom participation, presentations, research design, interim report. In all the performances assessed in this course, the students are required to show that they can assume a distanced and critical stance towards the theoretical or methodological contents discussed and that they then, based on this stance, are able to apply these contents in their own research. Presentations should take between twenty and thirty minutes and be accompanied by visual displays e.

A maximum of 20 points per presentation will be given. The research design is a written paper of eight to ten pages; a maximum of 30 points can be achieved. The interim report crucially depends on the state of the ongoing research projects, and I expect considerable variation in this regard between the various groups.

He is a potential wanderer: He remains within a specific place, but he has not always belonged to it, and so he carries into it qualities that do not, could not, belong there. The stranger is a paradox: The way this distance and apartness form a sense of closeness and togetherness calls for some explanation.

Meaning of "Primärgruppe" in the German dictionary

Throughout the history of economics, the stranger has usually been a tradesman and the tradesman a stranger. As long as the economy is limited to the direct exchange of products within a closed system, there is no need for intermediaries. When people travel to foreign places to buy what they need, they become foreign tradesmen in those regions.

Historically, tradesmen have necessarily been strangers. But an economic system with a division of property and production on demand will offer a living to the tradesman who settles there. Trade is always capable of reaching more people than primary production. It is the preferred area of engagement for the stranger, since he enters the system as a supernumerary, after all other economic niches are filled. The history of the European Jews offers a classic example.

By definition, the stranger is not a landowner. Though the stranger may come to be on intimate terms with many of his neighbors, he is perceived as being of a mobile, unstable character because of his dependence on intermediary trade, which often becomes sublimated into pure money trade—i. This mobility, which occurs within the confines of a given community, contains the synthesis of closeness and distance that formally constitutes the stranger. He comes into contact only with individuals, and is not organically connected to familial, local, or occupational networks.

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Since he is not rooted in the particularities and biases of the community, he stands apart from it, in an attitude of objectivity. This is not an aloofness that lacks involvement but rather a curious combination of closeness and distance, of detachment and engagement.


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And the objectivity of the stranger leads to another phenomenon: Objectivity, remember, is not non-engagement; it is rather a positive and specific kind of engagement, much like the objectivity of a theoretical observation, which does not turn the mind into a passive tabula rasa upon which objects merely become imprinted. Objectivity suggests an active mind operating at its fullest capacity according to its own laws. Such a mind ignores random variations and accentuations that are particular and subjective and that would deliver radically different images of the same object.

Objectivity is also a kind of freedom. The objective person is not constrained by predispositions that would prejudice his perception, his understanding, or his judgment.