Cooper directeurs de publication: Paine directeur de publication: Job Stress and Burnout: Wineman directeur de publication: Legge directeurs de publication: Managerial Stress Londres, Gower Press. Fitting the Task to the Man: An International Review , vol. Job Stress in a Changing Workforce: Hough directeurs de publication: Telecommuting and the Management of Work-Home Boundaries. Johansson directeurs de publication: The Psychosocial Work Environment: White directeurs de publication: Stress, Health, and the Social Environment. Naker directeurs de publication: Breznitz directeur de publication: House of Representatives, A Post Office Tragedy: Murphy directeurs de publication: What is Total Quality Control?
Williams directeurs de publication: Prevention of Mental Ill Health at Work. Czajkowski directeurs de publication: Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, Chesney directeurs de publication: The Experience of Nature: Work and Well Being: Its practice and improvement. Suls directeurs de publication: Child Care in Context: London directeur de publication: An Agenda for the s, op. Finestone directeurs de publication: International Perspectives Londres, Sage Publications.
Employees, Careers, and Job Creation: Sexual Harassment of Working Women: Opatz directeur de publication: Friedman directeur de publication: Personality and Disease New York, Wiley. The Keys to Excellence. Schoenborn directeurs de publication: Marek directeurs de publication: Motivation and Personality New York, Harper.
Dunnette directeur de publication: Hurrel directeurs de publication: Stress and Well-being at Work: From Sun to Sun: Manning directeurs de publication: Ministry of Labour, The Behavioural Science of Leadership Concept: Perloff directeurs de publication: National Council on Compensation Insurance. Emotional Stress in the Workplace. Psychological Disorders, Publication No.
Northwestern National Life, Rosenbaum directeur de publication: Is a work environment without burnout an impossible goal? Research, Theory, and Intervention Perspectives, op. Farber directeur de publication: A Coming of Age: Cherniss directeurs de publication: Reason directeurs de publication: The Work of Nations: Counseling and Psychotherapy Boston, Houghton-Mifflin. Individual Differences in the Stress Process, op. Washburne directeur de publication: Schneider directeur de publication: How to Combat Sexual Harassment: Promoting Health and Productivity in the Computerized Office: Elder Care and Work Force: Sauter directeurs de publication: End-tidal PCO2 as an index of psychophysiological activity under high and low data-entry workload demands.
The Race Without a Finish Line: Assessments and Interventions for Occupational Mental Health, op. Helplessness San Francisco, W. Tanner directeur de publication: Stress and Psychiatric Disorder Oxford, Blackwell. Stress Without Distress Philadelphie, J. Salvendy directeur de publication: Figley directeur de publication: Making and Managing High-quality Workplaces: Altman directeurs de publication: Human Behavior and Environment: Man and Accidents Offshore: Lorsch directeur de publication: Royak-Schaler directeurs de publication: Health Care for Women: Kaplan directeur de publication: Trends in Theory and Research, chap.
Stress at Work New York, Wiley. Sutton directeurs de publication: Toward a More Humane Architecture, op. Gutek directeurs de publication: Walsh directeurs de publication: Models of Successful Ergonomic Intervention, op. Single dose testosterone administration impairs cognitive reflection in men. Single dose testosterone administration impairs cognitive reflection in men The sex steroid testosterone regulates reproductive behaviors such as intra-male fighting and mating in non-humans.
Correlational studies have linked testosterone with aggression and disorders associated with poor impulse control, but the neuropsychological processes at work are poorly understood. Building on a dual-process framework, we propose a mechanism underlying testosterone's behavioral effects in humans: In the largest behavioral testosterone administration study to date, men received either testosterone or placebo and took the Cognitive Reflection Test CRT , that estimated their capacity to override incorrect intuitive judgments with deliberate correct responses.
Testosterone administration reduced CRT scores. The effect was robust to controlling for age, mood, math skills, treatment expectancy and 14 other hormones, and held for each of the CRT questions in isolation. However, research on whether or not playing violent video games causes adverse effects on aggression and antisocial behavior has led to fierce debates among scientists and in the general public. Findings from the Luxembourg lab on empathy and morality support the notion that the effects of video game violence VGV are best understood within a model of risk and resilience factors, including characteristics of medium, player and situation.
When game characters were induced as warm and empathic, game violence was perceived as less justified, irrespective of the morality of the game character. However, empathy had differential effects on hostile perception, depending on character morality. Neutral faces were perceived as less aggressive after playing the Superman character, but more hostile after playing the evil Joker.
Empathy decreased antisocial and increased prosocial behavior after a prosocial game Study 1 or when participants played a positive character in an antisocial game Study 2. Regarding the moral implications of VGV, it was found that games that involve violence against humans might pose a threat to one? This was especially true for inexperienced players, who reported greater moral distress and selected more hygiene products as a symbolic act of moral cleansing than frequent video game players.
Recent Theoretical and Methodological Advances. Andreas Gegenfurtner, Technische Hochschule Deggendorf, Germany The concept of transfer of training describes the application of trained knowledge and skills in workplace situations. Transfer is a multifacted and dynamic phenomenon, which generates a number of challenges for its theoretical conceptualization and its empirical measurement. In addition, transfer of training is influenced by numerous individual, training-related, and situational factors. This talk will offer some of the recent theoretical and methodological advances of research on transfer of training, its antecedents, and consequences.
A particular focus will highlight motivational dynamics and technology-enhanced boundary conditions of transfer. In compliment to the doctoral dissertation of Anne Jacot, this talk will contribute to a deepened dialogue of how we can support trainees in their efforts of applying trained knowledge and skills. Maybe not spending more, but spending better on healthcare: Health economics deals with the allocation of scarce resources in order to improve health health care, public health, etc.
This involves the allocation of resources both within the economy to the health system and within the health system towards health programs and individuals. One criteria to allocate resources lays on the economic evaluation of health technologies e. Both categories are based on quantitative methods and provide information for decision makers who, in a scarce resource context, ought to make justified investment decisions based on the health improvements that are obtained. In this presentation, we will focus on economic evaluation of health technologies. We will also examine challenges related to the economic evaluation of health public programs.
We will finally examine how psychologists may contribute to economic evaluations. An overlooked treatment priority. Previous research has shown that alcoholism is associated with deficits in the conscious, deliberate processing of social information, e. We investigated the extent to which alcoholism affects the ability to spontaneously adopt the viewpoint of another in a visuo-spatial perspective taking VSPT task.
The results of this study and a number of others will be discussed, along with an overview of how these may impact social actions. To date, there is no routine screening for social cognitive deficits in the UK, and yet social interaction and relationships are crucial elements in relapse and abstinence. While alcohol dependence is not unique to the UK, the UK does present with unique alcohol related problems.
How emotional processing paradigms can be translated in to UK alcohol treatment models remains overlooked. Cognition and learning and under which conditions can we reshape them. Learning processes are of primary interest in the fields of biology, neuroscience, psychology, and education, due to their wide-rangingimpact, from survival to socioeconomic status.
Current attempts have focused on improving learning and cognition in children and adults using behavioural approaches, such as cognitive training. I will present a series of studies, in the domains of mathematical cognition, sustained attention, and executive functions, which aimed to improve learning and cognition using brain stimulation. I will discuss the observed behavioural effects and how different neural indices coming from EEG, fMRI, and MR spectroscopy moderate the degree of observed effects.
These experiments provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that are involved in cognitive functions and learning and the principles that allow brain stimulation to improve human behaviour. Developmental and social aspects of autobiographical narratives. The life story is a key aspect of identity as it integrates autobiographical memories with a biographical view of the self.
By crafting one's life story, individuals are challenged to integrate various life events into a coherent story that on the hand explains plausibly one's current identity and on the other hand is true to past and current life events. Thus, this talk explores two questions: Competitive neurocognitive processes underlying learning and memory. Human learning depends on multiple cognitive systems related to dissociable brain structures. These systems interact not only in cooperative but sometimes competitive ways in optimizing performance. Previous studies showed that manipulations reducing the engagement of frontal lobe-mediated explicit, attentional processes can lead to improved performance in striatum-related procedural learning.
Here we present four studies in which we investigated the competitive relationship between statistical learning and frontal lobe-mediated executive functions. Our result shed light not only on the competitive nature of brain systems in cognitive processes but also could have important implications for developing new methods to improve human learning. Cerveau et comportement sexuel: The computational architecture of the human auditory cortex.
This lecture illustrates current research on the functional and computational architecture of the human auditory cortex and pathway. MGB, IC and the columnar and laminar architecture in primary auditory cortical areas. In a second part, I will present research combining high resolution fMRI with computational modelling aiming at revealing how natural sounds are represented in auditory cortex in humans as well as in macaque monkeys. Results show that — in both species - the cortical encoding of natural sounds entails the formation of multiple spectrogram representations with different degree of spectral and temporal resolution.
This multi-resolution analysis may be crucially relevant for flexible and behaviorally-relevant sound processing. I present a framework according to which evaluative asymmetries e. Specifically, I assume two fundamental characteristics of the information environment: Positive attributes occur more frequently than negative attributes and positive attributes are less diverse than negative attributes. It follows mathematically that shared attributes similarities are more positive than unshared attributes differences.
Hence, evalautions that rely on simialrities will be positively biased, while evalautions that rely on differences will be negatively biased. This gives rise to a number of evalautive asymmetries in the social domain that are "innocent" in that they do not result from biased or motivated processing but from the statistical properties of the environment. The non-separation of premature infants and their parents: Anne-Marie Bergh , University of Pretoria.
One of the care methods for premature infants is kangaroo mother care, a method whereby the infant is cared for skin-so-skin by the mother, father or other caregiver up to 24 hours per day instead of being in an incubator. The latest evidence of using this method focuses on the safety of the method, the increased survival of these small infants, and other improved results on indicators related to infection, maternal-infant attachment, breastfeeding, growth and neurodevelopment.
This presentation will discuss some of these new developments and will also demonstrate how this method is practised in high- and low-income countries. Using virtual reality to study brain mechanisms underlying multisensory integration during skilled grasp. Grasping and manipulating objects with high dexterity requires the brain to extract useful information from several sensory channels, in particular vision and touch.
The integration of multiple sensory sources that convey signals to the brain at different times during movement is a major challenge for the motor system. In a series of behavioural and TMS experiments, I? Burnout among parents of children with special needs; illness, work, and everyday life.
Being the parent of a child with special needs includes a number of different challenges e. In addition, parents have to balance the caring commitments and their occupational demands. In light of this, clinicians and researchers have observed that parents of children with special needs may be exposed to long-term stress, and consequently their psychological reactions may include symptoms of exhaustion, generally referred to as burnout.
Our study confirms that there seems to be an increased prevalence of burnout symptoms in parents of children with serious or chronic medical conditions in our studies cancer, stem cell transplant, irritable bowel disease, and diabetes. Certain medical aspects of the child's condition, such as severity of health impairments, were found to be associated with parental burnout.
In addition, subjective aspects of the situation were related to burnout, e. A qualitative study revealed that some parents choose to reduce working hours or change employment, because of the difficulties of combining a demanding job and the practical and emotional aspects of the care for a child with special needs.
On the basis of these results and other studies conducted in our lab, we will discuss further clinical implications and directions for research regarding parental long-term stress and burnout, including suggestions for preventative and treating interventions. The role of metacognition. Explaining individual differences in mathematics: Number sense, working memory, and creativity. Number sense, or the ability to understand and process numerical information, is thought to be a basic ability for later mathematical development.
Recently, number sense has received growing attention in scientific literature. These recent findings have also raised important questions about what number sense actually is, how it can be measured, how it develops, and how it is related to mathematics. The focus of this presentation will lie on these questions, and recent empirical studies will be discussed. Furthermore, many studies have shown the important influence of domain-general cognitive abilities intelligence, language, working memory, executive functions on mathematical development.
We will discuss the role of working memory in mathematical development, by looking at several longitudinal, cross-sectional, and intervention studies. Special attention will be given to a recent study that showed that working memory not only plays a significant role in mathematics itself, but also in number sense. These results were confirmed in a recent meta-analysis on working memory and mathematics in elementary school children. What predicts arithmetic fluency?
The role of symbolic numerical processing and domain, general factors. Being fluent and efficient in performing basic calculations has been regarded as an important building block for the development of mathematical skills. On the other hand, deficits in retrieving arithmetic facts from memory are the hallmark of children with dyscalculia. The ability to represent symbolic numerical magnitudes has been put forward as a major determinant of children's general mathematics achievement.
Does this factor then also contribute to the specific mathematical skills of arithmetic fluency, its development and its impairments? In this talk, I will present a series of recent cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in typically developing children, studies in children with dyscalculia and studies in children with genetic disorders all of which have investigated the role of numerical magnitude processing in the development of arithmetic fluency or the transition towards arithmetic fact retrieval. These studies also investigated the potential contributions of domain, general factors, such as working memory or inhibitory control.
The key message from these studies is that particularly children's symbolic magnitude processing skills are a unique and very stable predictor of children's arithmetic fact retrieval development. These data all suggest that screening children's symbolic processing skills is useful for detecting children at risk children and I will present data from a recent large-scale validation of such a screening measure. Caroline Werle , Grenoble Ecole de Management. The multitude of neural representations behind visual and social cognition.
Theories in cognitive neuroscience make predictions about the content of cognitive representations in particular brain regions. With brain imaging, we can test these hypotheses through multi-voxel pattern analysis. Using this approach, more and more neural representations have been discovered in more and more neural regions. To make sense of such data, we need to consider functional hypotheses that explain the co-occurrence of multiple cognitive representations and the transitions among them.
Testing these hypotheses requires the use of multifactorial experimental designs. In the domain of object recognition, findings with such designs back up the statement that ventral visual cortex contains feature-based categorical representations with sensitivity to multiple category-relevant object features.
In the domain of social cognition, these designs help to visualize the hierarchical way in which abstract features such as social congruence are gradually computed from visual information. As a whole, this approach helps us to systematize the multitude of neural representations behind visual and social cognition. In a next step, it will also allow a more broad-spectrum approach to the study of divergent representations in brain disorders.
Refining the ABC model of spontaneous stereotypes about groups. Previous research argued that group stereotypes differ primarily on warmth and competence Fiske et al. Participants in this research rated groups on warmth and competence only; without this theoretical constraint, participants might use other stereotype dimensions.
Specifically, groups seen as similar to the self on agency and beliefs were seen as high on communion, whereas groups seen as dissimilar to the self on agency and beliefs were seen as low on communion, resulting in an ABC model of spontaneous group stereotypes Koch et al. Additional studies highlight the importance of modeling communion as an individual rather than consensual dimension: Individual communion ratings predict intergroup emotions better than consensual communion ratings.
This is not the case for agency and beliefs ratings. Distorted Body Representations in Healthy Adults. Matthew Longo , Birkbeck University of London. Misperceptions and delusions about one's own body are characteristic of numerous psychiatric and neurological conditions. Such phenomena have long fascinated researchers, in large part because of their sheer strangeness. Our body is so ubiquitous in our perceptual experience and so intimately known to us, it is difficult to imagine not having accurate knowledge of it.
In this talk, I will discuss several recent experiments that have shown, in striking contrast to this intuition, that our brain maintains highly distorted representations of the body, used for perceptual tasks including position sense and tactile size perception. The cultural shaping of prejudiced attitudes: The role of ideal affect. Due to globalization, individuals are coming into increased contact with people whose values and traditions differ from their own.
One consequence of this increased contact is prejudice against outgroups. Although many factors predict prejudice, increasing research suggests that people's actual experience of and tendencies to experience specific negative emotions play an important role. Guided by the Affect Valuation Theory Tsai, , we propose that valuing negative emotions, particularly high arousal negative HAN states such as anger and fear, increases prejudice against outgroups even more than the actual experience of these emotions.
We find support for this prediction in individuals responses to hypothetical scenarios, in the content of U. Furthermore, cultures differ in the extent to which they value specific negative states over others. Evidence suggests that while anger is more valued than fear in Western cultures, fear is preferred over anger in East Asian contexts. These differences in ideal negative affect can in turn predict the cultural preference for active i. This insight is important because emotional values are culturally shaped and influence emotional experience.
Therefore, investigating the role of ideal affect on prejudice is critical to understanding how prejudiced attitudes vary across cultures as well as to changing how people respond to outgroups. A number of recent studies provided insights into the prevalence and correlates of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, only a limited amount of research has focused on comparison of excessive Internet use in adolescents from different cultural and national contexts. A short five-item Excessive Internet Use Scale was used to measure the phenomenon.
In the presentation, I will provide methodological details of the project and psychometric properties of the scale. I will discuss issues of identifying at-risk population, psychological, behavioural, and social factors associated with EIU as well as cross-country and cultural differences. Le biofeedback augmentait la HF-HRV mais uniquement chez les individus avec une faible ligne de base.
Fil d'Ariane
Is this music, the extraordinary nature of a single drumming bout compared to ordinary noise making in chimpanzees. Here I will present the unusual characteristics of the drumming performance of a chimpanzee named Barney. His sound production, several sequences of repeated drumming on an up-turned plastic barrel, shared several features of typical human musical drumming: This type of performance raises questions about the origins of our musicality.
First we looked at the frequency and duration of sound making. We examined effects of context of sound making, the sex of the producer, as well as the medium and the degree of elaboration of the technique used. Interestingly, properties of sound productions differed across contexts, sex, and techniques. We also filmed several long productions that were rhythmically interesting. Healthy food cues elicit approach motivation and reduce breadth of attention.
Irena Domachowska TU Dresden. I will present results of my research on the influence of appetitive food cues on attentional breadth. In Experiment 1, we replicated findings of an influential study conducted by Gable and Harmon-Jones , in which the authors demonstrated that appetitive stimuli elicit positive affect high in approach motivation, which reduces the breadth of attention. In Experiment 2, instead of using pictures of unhealthy snacks, we used pictures depicting delicious and healthy foods, mainly fruits Domachowska et al. We replicated the original finding, i. These results show that both healthy and unhealthy types of food can be seen as highly positive and elicit approach motivation.
I will discuss possible factors influencing this effect. Madders Michelle University of Southampton. Homelessness in the Western world has increased exponentially within the last few decades. This is in parallel to the increased rates of depression, rising with each successive generation. Authors have referred to depression as the "disease of modernity". Further, research on depression and substance use has revealed that these disorders co-occur. This comorbidity is worrisome, as it has been linked to increased risk for relapse for depression and substance abuse, more severe chronic illness presentations, greater social impairment and increased risk for suicide.
These impairments have been demonstrated within the homeless population. Substance use disorder history has been reported to be a key risk factor in repeated homelessness. Furthermore, substance use has been linked to violent and maladaptive behaviours, leading to social exclusion and isolation. Yet little research is being conducted in identifying adequate psychological treatment interventions for the homeless. A mediation analysis examined how prior childhood trauma acts upon dysfunctional behaviour through the indirect mediator of dysfunctional cognitions.
Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases through Community Health Development: Experiences in a middle income country. Public health is concerned with protecting and promoting the health of entire populations, from local neighborhoods to entire countries or regions of the world. Public health professionals try to prevent problems from happening or recurring through implementing health education programs, recommending policies, administering services, and conducting research.
The Community Health Development concept becomes a central element of population-based health promotion strategies, assisting members of a community to identify a community's health concerns, mobilize resources, and implement solutions. Community empowerment and promotion of the community's capacity to deal with health issues are the goals of such programmes.
The seminar will illustrate the Community Health development approach via a case study in Malaysia on prevention and control of NCD which applied Community Health Development as well as interventions based on behavioural theory. Malaysia is classified as a high middle income country.
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It is a multi-ethnic nation with a growing population experiencing rapid urbanization and vast changes in lifestyles, including poorer dietary habits and less physical activities. Mortality due to CVDs has risen dramatically from These community housing projects are densely populated with low socioeconomic groups. The PARTNER project explored the health and social needs of low income urban communities, and assessed lifestyle factors and health risk behaviours among the study population.
An intervention on life style modification and peer support home blood pressure monitoring based on Social Cognitive Theory was also developed, which included social support, self-regulation and self-efficacy.
Narrative change in a parent group: The incredible years basic parent program. In this conference we reflect about some of the mechanisms of change that operated in a parenting group where one of the most known parenting program was applied: Our point is that in an educational group operate mechanisms of change similar to those operating in a therapeutic intervention with families. We will focus specifically on narrative change over the 14 sessions of the program.
The 5 GAPT dimensions correspond to axes considered important in the narrative organization and respective transformation in therapeutic context. Effects of oxytocin administration and genotype on spirituality and emotional responses to meditation. In exploratory analyses, participants were also genotyped for polymorphisms in two genes critical for oxytocin signaling, the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR rs and CD38 rs and rs Results showed that intranasal OT increased self-reported spirituality on two separate measures and this effect remained significant a week later.
It also boosted participants, experience of specific positive emotions during meditation, at both explicit and implicit levels. Furthermore, the effect of OT on spirituality was moderated by OT-related genotypes. These results provide the first experimental evidence that spirituality, endorsed by millions worldwide, appears to be supported by OT. Mark Brandt Tilburg University, Dept.
Social psychology often defines prejudice narrowly as unjustified or overgeneralized negative affect towards a group or an individual based on group membership. I adopt a broader prejudice definition as negative affect towards a group or an individual based on group membership. This focuses on the core psychological feature of prejudice negative affect and removes difficult or impossible to validate criteria such as unjustifiability and overgeneralization.
By taking this broader definition, research can examine how perceived characteristics of target groups can lead some people to express prejudice towards some groups but not others. In two sets of studies I will highlight the advantages of this approach. In Study 1, I will show how the typical association between low cognitive ability and prejudice a does not hold across a diverse set of target groups, b shows the opposite effect for some target groups, and c that the size and direction of cognitive ability-prejudice association is associated with the perceived ideology and choice over group membership of the target groups.
In Studies , I will show how a similar approach can be used to build simple models that accurately predict the size and direction of the ideology-prejudice association in new samples and for target groups that the models have not seen before. By taking a broad definition of prejudice researchers can make clear predictions about when prejudice will emerge towards which particular groups.
Why to parents do as they do? Insights from longitudinal and interventions studies into the determinants of changes in parenting. Parenting programs, that is, interventions designed to enhance parental role performance through training, support or education, are now-a-days generally accepted as evidence-based interventions for child problem behavior. The idea behind parenting programs is that improvement in parenting would lead to improvement in child outcomes.
In the last decade, there is a growing body of research that indeed shows that changes in parenting serve as a causal mechanism that produces changes in child behavior. The question regarding mechanisms that might explain changes in parenting has been asked less often. This is a surprising omission, given that parenting programs aim, in the first place, to change parenting. In our research program http: In this presentation, examples of this work will be presented, focusing specifically on parental sense of competence i.
The implications of our findings for clinical practice will be discussed. What do atheists believe and why? It has not taken long since the well-documented "rise of the nones" to establish that the nonreligious are a heterogeneous bunch. If "religion" is not a natural kind category, then it is hardly surprising that its inverse fails to be too. In our presentation, we will first address what nonbelievers may believe in. In a sample of US nonbelievers we asked: If you don't believe in God, what then do you believe in?
We then move to explore two potentially competing hypotheses, one taken from Cognitive Science of Religion which asserts that nonbelievers will still hold implicit supernatural beliefs and the other, taken from social and motivational psychology, that nonbelievers will find secular alternatives to believe in belief replacement hypothesis.
We discuss evidence for and against both hypotheses based in our past and current research. L'effet de compensation dans les relations intergroupes. Attachement et stress forment un couple indissociable: Interpersonal Emotion Dynamics in Intimate Relationships. Emotional interdependence is a defining feature of intimate relationships, and requires that both partners affective experiences are dynamic, and coordinated. Because emotions signal environmental challenges and prepare individuals to respond to these, interpersonal emotion dynamics likely reflect relational processes with adaptive goals.
While interpersonal affect dynamics can be linked to both maladaptive and adaptive relational processes, a tendency to affectively respond to relational cues seems vital. In the current talk, I propose that interpersonal affect patterns need to be interdependent, and coordinate partners? I present research showing that individual differences in individual emotion dynamics shape interpersonal experiences, and that specific interpersonal emotion dynamics foster intimacy in close relationships.
Furthermore, I present evidence suggesting that the strength of these affective dynamics prospectively predicts long-term individual and relational adjustment. Illness specific cognitive processing in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Alicia Hughues , King's college London. Chronic fatigue syndrome CFS is characterized by severe and disabling fatigue. Whilst no single somatic cause has been identified, studies have shown that specific cognitions and behaviours play a role in maintaining the condition.
However, little experimental research has been carried to explore the role of more habitual cognitive processes in CFS, such as how people attend to and interpret illness related information. I will present a brief overview of experimental research conducted to date and provide more detail of our recent programme of experimental research, focusing on two studies. The first is investigating cognitive processing biases. The second is a replication study. The findings of both these studies indicate people with CFS have illness specific biases in how information is attended to and interpreted.
These biases are not related to comorbid mood disorder or attentional control and may independently play a part in maintaining symptoms by reinforcing maladaptive beliefs and behaviours. I will explore how these cognitive processes contribute to the cognitive behavioural model of CFS and will conclude by suggesting some directions for innovative and research practice.
Neuroendocrine and Health Effects of Social Relationships. Several decades of research have demonstrated that social relationships can have a powerful influence on health and well-being. However, we still know surprisingly little about how social relationships affect physical health both in terms of psychological processes and biological ones.
This talk highlights research investigating the emotional, cognitive, behavioral and biological mechanisms through which social relationships get under the skin to impact health. The first section focuses on links between marital relationships, health, and daily cortisol production. The second section focuses on the effects of family social environments on the health and well-being of youth. The talk will conclude with a discussion of ongoing and next steps in this research, including investigating the epigenetic effects of social relationships on the immune system, longitudinal work, and interventions.
The effects of oxytocin on social approach - part 2. In several placebo-controlled administration studies, we investigated the effects of oxytocin on social approach in healthy volunteers. Combining assorted interactive paradigms with intranasal administration of 24 IU of oxytocin, and partially also fMRI, allowed us to map different aspects of approach-related processing and behavior. Applying a well-established social approach-avoidance task in which participants react to angry and happy faces by pulling or pushing a joystick, respectively, we found oxytocin to increase approach towards angry faces with direct gaze in participants with low levels of social anxiety.
- St Peters Finger (Mrs Bradley Book 9).
- Oh no, there's been an error!
- Histoire des approches de la santé et de la sécurité au travail au 41, rue Gay-Lussac, Paris.
- Delinquenz im Jugendalter - Welche Rolle spielen Sozialraum und Arbeitslosigkeit? (German Edition)?
However, beyond this published finding, other results have remained in our drawer, which I would like to share and discuss with you. Problematic Internet use in elderly has received little interest within the medical literature until now. This point to the need of specific research to better apprehend the current and potential future public health issues specific to this part of the population. Even if the currently elder may only moderately be concerned by internet related health problems, current data on young adults point to a future need to seriously consider the development of prevention policies and health care programs specifically tailored to the aging population.
Exploring individual differences in exposure to understand the development of face perception. Faces are arguably the most important visual stimulus used in human social communication. Exposure to faces is ubiquitous during development; however, the number and diversity of faces infants and children encounter vary enormously. For example, infants develop expertise only for those face categories with which they have significant experience, and infants deprived of face experience show disruptions in face processing.
Despite the extensive literature linking early experiences to face learning, it is unclear what aspects of experience are crucial and how individual differences in experience might lead to individual differences in face processing ability. In this talk, I will present recent findings from two lines of research in my lab. In the second line of research we investigate how face and emotion perception are influenced by experience with different face categories. Our findings demonstrate how differences in daily face exposure shape the development of face and emotion perception. Older workers and late career; the contribution of work and organizational psychology.
The traditional relationship between age and work has been severed. There are increasing pressures to work longer at a mature age raising of the pensionable age ; there are more favourable individual conditions to continue working good health ; it is increasingly necessary for work organizations to manage complex generational relationships between young work entrants and mature adults ; the transition to retirement often combines with work more or less central for the individual. These social and organizational processes require responses and interventions by work and organizational psychologists.
How can the presence in work of mature people be assured while at the same time favouring efficiency, quality of working life, and individual well-being? How can the consolidated negative stereotypes of elderly workers be overcome? How can human resources management in work organizations be differentiated according to the ages of workers? Some answers will be offered to these questions by drawing on the studies conducted or currently underway by the research group of University of Trento in cooperation with Portland. On the role of interoceptive processes for emotions and health-related behavior.
Interoception is understood as the sensing and representation of signals concerning the internal state of the body. Within psychology, there has been a resurgence of interest in interoception, driven by increasing realization of the extent to which mental processes are embodied.
Individual differences in perception of, and sensitivity to, changes within the internal bodily state are one way of quantifying interoceptive processes. Empirical data presented here will focus on the role of interoception for emotions and their regulation as well as for health-related behaviour. This includes results on the role of interoception for reducing aversive states provoked by social exclusion and for the use of different emotion regulation strategies.
Furthermore, data on the interplay between interoception and physical activity, body weight and eating behaviour will be presented referring to different methods used such as EEG; heart rate or heart rate variability. Samples assessed include healthy adults, clinical populations as well as children and adolescents, demonstrating that interoception has broad implications across perceptual, cognitive, emotional and behavioural domains.
Nathalie Michels , Gent University. Currently three main research niches can be distinguished. Food safety research is mainly focused on chemical food safety in relation to environment e. Methodological research to support both pillars of nutritional research and food safety research, including dietary assessment, measurement of body composition, probabilistic techniques for exposure assessment and feasibility testing of objective stress measures in children.
An increasing amount of interest and expertise on stress and emotions has been developed. After a cross-sectional study in adolescents, a longitudinal study was initiated in primary school children ChiBS study. This cohort was measured in , , , and where stress was explored by questionnaires, cortisol values and heart rate variability.
The initial hypothesis was that stress might increase adiposity by increasing cortisol values and by deteriorated diet diet choice and emotional eating and physical activity. Over the years, also adipocytokines, reward sensitivity and telomere length were included in the hypotheses.
In the next 3 years, a postdoctoral research plan on the role of inflammation and gut microbiota in this stress-obesity relation will be executed. The Existential Gravitas of Nostalgia. Nostalgia, a sentimental longing for one's past, has long been considered a brain disease, illness, disorder, or dysfunction. This bad reputation is undeserved. Nostalgia is a predominantly positive albeit bittersweet and social emotion, is prevalent, and is a psychological strength not a psychological liability.
Importantly, nostalgia confers existential benefits. Nostalgia is associated with, or provides, a sense of meaning in life mostly through its sociality and is an antidote to meaning threats including boredom. Nostalgia lowers the perceived value of money. It also enriches the psychological well-being of individuals with chronic meaning deficits. Finally, nostalgia buffers existential threat by reducing death anxiety and death cognitions. In all, nostalgia bolsters existential meaning and protects against the fear of death.
Making sense of the environment to behave adaptively. Emerging executive function in childhood, one of the main predictors of life success, is goal-directed in nature. Yet children's ability to identify goals i. In contrast, I will present evidence for goal identification as a major force behind developing executive function.
Both increasing attention to environmental cues and increased goal inferencing from these cues drive goal-identification improvement with age. This framework has important implications for assessing and supporting executive function in childhood. Executive control of impulsive action. Frederick Verbruggen , Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter UK Cognitive control theories attribute action control and goal-directed decision-making to executive processes that inhibit responses and adjust behavior online.
In the last two decades, cognitive control and response inhibition have received much attention across research domains. Cognitive psychologists and neuroscientists have explored the cognitive and neural mechanisms of action control, developmental scientists have studied the rise and fall of control capacities across the life span, and clinical researchers have examined correlations between individual differences in action control and behaviors such as substance abuse, overeating, and risk taking. In the first part of my presentation, I will provide a selective review of my recent behavioral and computational work on response inhibition.
In the second part, I will focus on the limitations of executive action control. My main aim is to demonstrate that response inhibition and other forms of action control rely on an interplay between many processes that take place on different time scales. Keep Calm and Age Well? Age-related vulnerability to acute and cumulative stress exposure. Elderly individuals are hypothesised to be more vulnerable to the effects of acute stress due to reduced coping resources and an inability to control their hormonal stress response. Recent evidence indicates that this vulnerability also emerges on a behavioural level, leading to reduced memory performance among elderly participants encountering a stressor.
Similarly, cumulative life stress has been implicated as a factor accelerating cognitive decline with advancing years. In my talk, I will present four experiments summarising work into the way acute and cumulative stress impact on age-related cognitive decline. Experiments 1 and 2 investigated behavioural and electrophysiological age-differences manifesting after exposure to an acutely stressful situation. Experiments 3 and 4 explored the effects of cumulative stress on behavioural and electrophysiological age-differences.
In a spatial memory task and an inhibitory control paradigm, heightened levels of cumulative stress produced behavioural impairments exclusive to the elderly participant sample, which coincided with changes in oscillatory frequencies linked to the successful execution of both tasks. Combined, findings highlight that both acute and cumulative stress affect ageing cognition in domains of perception, spatial memory and inhibition.
However, the relationship between age and acute stress seems more complex than originally assumed, affecting early perceptual processes rather than exerting a direct effect on memory.
De la psychologie sociale à la psychologie économique en passant par la psychologie politique
Attention bias for food, eating behaviour and body weight. Yet, not everybody is equally susceptible to food temptations. The way in which someone perceives and reacts to this environment could contribute to individual differences in the susceptibility to food temptations. Recently, a surge of research has tested if attention bias for food is related to eating behaviour and body weight. It has been argued that an attention bias for food could be a cognitive route for overeating and weight gain, resulting in obesity.
The primary aim of the current presentation is to review existing empirical evidence for the notion that selective attention for food relates causally to eating behaviour and weight gain. Another aim is to highlight methodological challenges when studying attention bias for food cues. Problematic digital gaming behavior and its relation to the psychological, social and physical health of finnish adolescents and young adults.
Considering the increased prevalence of online gaming, this study aimed to identify problematic gaming behavior among Finnish adolescents and young adults, and evaluate its connection to of psychological, social and physical health indices. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a random sample of respondents aged from 13 to 24 years completing an online survey. In addition to health measures such as perceived psychological and physical symptoms, life satisfaction levels, preferences for social interaction, general health, Body Mass Index BMI and physical activity level were measured using questionnaire.
Problematic game use was found to relate to psychological health problems, namely fatigue, sleep interference, low satisfaction with life, depression and anxiety symptoms. Weekly digital game playing time, depression and a preference for online social interaction predicted increased problematic game symptoms. Bridging the gap between educational theory and pratice: Alexander Minnaert , Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. In this presentation I will address strengths, weaknesses, opportunties and threats to bridge the gap between theory and educational practice. Pleasure as a Substitute for Size: Contrary to this view, the authors show that focusing on sensory pleasure can make people happier and willing to spend more for less food, a triple win for public health, consumers and businesses alike.
In five experiments, American and French adults and children were asked to imagine vividly the taste, smell and oro-haptic sensations of three hedonic foods prior to choosing a portion size of another hedonic food. This occurred because it prompted participants to evaluate portions based on expected sensory pleasure, which peaks with smaller portions, rather than on hunger. In contrast, health-based interventions led people to choose a smaller portion than the one they expected to enjoy most a hedonic cost for them and an economic cost for food marketers. Imaging studies in behavioral addictions and alcohol addiction.
Growing evidence suggests that these behaviors warrant consideration as nonsubstance or "behavioral" addictions and has led to the inclusion of gambling disorder as the first behavioral addiction in the "Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders" category of the DSM Other behavioral addictions have as of yet not been included, due to insufficient data to justify their inclusion. I will discuss some of our studies investigating the neurocognitive functions in pathological gambling, "gaming addiction" and alcohol dependence.
We used a variety of behavioral tasks, MRI techniques and rTMS to investigate brain circuits and ways to manipulate these, resulting in a better understanding of the similarities and differences between addictive disorders, and potential candidates for treatment of "Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders". Newborn chicks and the number space. It has been proposed that humans represent numbers along a mental number line MNL , on which smaller numbers are located on the left and larger numbers are located on the right.
Nonetheless, the origin of the MNL and its connections with cultural experience remain unclear. On the one hand, reading habits can influence the orientation of the MNL left-to-right vs.
La psychodynamique du travail : objet, considérat… – Santé mentale au Québec – Érudit
On the other hand, pre-verbal infants and nonhuman species show a variety of numerical abilities, supporting the existence of evolutionary precursor-systems for number processing. We tackled the issue of the origin of the MNL, by studying number processing in newborn chicks.
Results showed that three-day-old domestic chicks, once familiarized with a target number, spontaneously associated a smaller than the target number with the left side of space. By contrast, chicks associated a larger than the target number with the right side of space. We propose that the MNL might have a remote origin during species evolution. In humans, however, cultural factors can flexibly rearrange some aspects of the MNL e. It is widely accepted that human and nonhuman species possess a specialized system to process large approximate numerosities. The theory of an evolutionarily ancient approximate number system ANS has received converging support from developmental studies, comparative experiments, neuroimaging, and computational modelling, and it is one of the most dominant and influential theories in numerical cognition.
The existence of an ANS system is significant, as it is believed to be the building block of numerical development in general. The acuity of the ANS is related to future arithmetic achievements, and intervention strategies therefore aim to improve the ANS. Here we critically review current evidence supporting the existence of an ANS. Important shortcomings and confounds in existing empirical studies on human and non-human animals will be discussed, as well as in the logic used to build computational models that support the ANS theory. Rather than taking the ANS theory for granted, a more comprehensive explanation might be provided by a sensory-based system that compares or estimates large approximate numerosities by weighing the different sensory cues comprising number stimuli.
The criteria for game addiction generally strongly resemble better-known issues such as pathological gambling or substance use disorder, with little theoretical frameworks being produced. The existing literature, including my own research, has strongly focused on exploring the psychiatric and psychological characteristics of the proposed game addicts using this medical model, using an essentially confirmatory approach 1. Moreover, there is very little work being done on actual patients, which is strange since a disordered state is implied 2.
In some cases, the patients are hard or even impossible to find social media addiction. From my perspective the way forward included a clear split between the clinical patients, which require more substantial attention, and a focus on understanding the mechanics of heavy game use in essentially healthy samples.
To provide more substantial theoretical thinking on this last issue of heavy use, I think it might be fruitful to incorporate and expand non-clinical perspectives from communication theory that deal with the initiation and cessation of playing behavior. Therefore, this talk will briefly summarize the state of the literature on game addiction. Vanden Abeele Research group for Media and ICT, University of Gent, Belgium Over the past ten years, several studies have been published on problematic mobile phone use and its correlates.
These studies typically address problematic phone use as a phenomenon that is recognized in addiction-like symptoms, and that establishes itself among individuals with particular predisposing traits e. Although this clinical approach to problematic phone use has proven its merits, its strong focus on problematic phone use as a propensity of the predisposed individual has led to reduced attention for the role that mobile technologies themselves play in the formation of habitual usage patterns.
This is unfortunate, as recent studies show that the nature of mobile media technology itself is highly conducive to bring forth automaticity in its usage Bayer et al. The effects of exercise on emotion-regulation and risk-taking. Yacine Ouzzahra University of Luxembourg.