Spinoza's ties with the liberals, his sympathies for the republican party of Jan de Witt, which called for the dissolution of the great monopolies—all this made Spinoza a rebel. At Rijnsburg, Spinoza gives his friends an exposition, in Latin, of the work that will become the Short Treatise.
They take notes; Jelles translates into Dutch; perhaps Spinoza dictates certain texts that he has written previously. In about , he composes the Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect , which opens with a kind of spiritual itinerary, in the Mennonite manner, centered on a denunciation of wealth.
This treatise, a splendid exposition of Spinoza's method, will remain unfinished. Rieuwertz publishes the book; Jelles finances it; Balling will translate it into Dutch. Few thinkers avoid the brief temptation to become professors of their own discoveries, the seminar temptation of a private spiritual training. Perhaps it is for this reason that Spinoza leaves the Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect unfinished, and despite his later intentions does not manage to resume it. In , Spinoza moves to Voorsburg, a suburb of The Hague.
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He will later establish himself in the capital. He continues to work on the Ethics. But at the same time that he confides in a group of friends, he asks them to keep his ideas secret, to be careful of strangers, as he himself will be, even with respect to Leibniz in The reason for his settling near The Hague is probably political: As to the two major parties, Calvinist and republican, the situation is as follows: Now, the mystery seems to be this: Why are the people so deeply irrational?
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Why are they proud of their own enslavement? Why do they fight "for" their bondage as if it were their freedom?
Why is it so difficult not only to win but to bear freedom? Why does a religion that invokes love and joy inspire war, intolerance, hatred, malevolence, and remorse? In the Theological-Political Treatise appears, without an author's name and credited to a fictitious German publisher. An explosive book always keeps its explosive charge: Even when dealing with religion, Spinoza polishes glasses that reveal the effect produced and the laws of its production. But Spinoza has to leave the suburb, where his life is made difficult by the pastors, and take up residence in The Hague.
And, above all, this is at the cost of silence.
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The Netherlands are at war. But he is more and more alone and ill. The only milieu in which he might have lived in peace fails him. What are the chances for a commercial aristocracy? Is it possible to change the multitude into a collectivity of free men instead of a gathering of slaves? By the end of the year, the Opera posthuma are published at the expense of an anonymous donor. His biographer Colerus reports that he was fond of spider fights: They do not carry it within, although they necessarily bring it to each other: But they have not yet invented that internal death, the universal sadomasochism of the tyrant-slave.
In the reproach that Hegel will make to Spinoza, that he ignored the negative and its power, lies the glory and innocence of Spinoza, his own discovery. Enough confidence in life to denounce all the phantoms of the negative. Excommunication, war, tyranny, reaction, men who fight for their enslavement as if it were their freedom—this forms the world in which Spinoza lives.
The assassination of the De Witt brothers is exemplary for him. In his view, all the ways of humiliating and breaking life, all the forms of the negative have two sources, one turned outward and the other inward, resentment and bad conscience, hatred and guilt. Spinoza feels, experiences, that he is eternal. In Spinoza's thought, life is not an idea, a matter of theory. And it is only from this perspective that the geometric method is fully comprehensible. It becomes a method of vital and optical rectification.
This optical geometry traverses the entire Ethics. There's a problem loading this menu right now. Learn more about Amazon Prime. Get fast, free shipping with Amazon Prime. Get to Know Us. English Choose a language for shopping. Amazon Music Stream millions of songs. Amazon Advertising Find, attract, and engage customers. Amazon Drive Cloud storage from Amazon.
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