North Strike

Relations between the Japanese Army and Navy were never cordial, and often marked by deep hostility, a situation whose origin can be traced back to the Meiji period.

From the early s the Army saw the Soviet Union as Japan's greatest threat and for the most part supported the Hokushin-ron concept that Japan's strategic interests were on the Asian continent. The Navy looked across the Pacific Ocean and saw the United States as the greatest threat, and for the most part supported the Nanshin-ron concept that Japan's strategic interests were in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands.

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The Imperial Defence Plan, formulated in June , incorporated a balance of both Hokushin-ron and Nanshin-ron , requiring that both the Army and the Navy take a peaceful and unprovocative approach to their "enemies". Northward expansion Hokushin-ron would gain the natural resources of Siberia by attacking the Soviet Union via Manchuria. However, European powers had been dominant in Southeast Asia for more than a century, and Japanese foreign policy had little experience there.

In pursuing Nanshin-ron Japan would risk — and in some quarters even welcome — a large-scale war with the great powers from across the globe. It agreed that in case of an attack by the Soviet Union against Germany or Japan, the two countries agreed to consult on what measures to take "to safeguard their common interests".

Arriva Rail North guards to strike on Saturday

They also agreed that neither of them would make any political treaties with the Soviet Union, and Germany also agreed to recognize Manchukuo. A series of Soviet—Japanese border conflicts, without any formal declaration of war , began in Aggressive actions initiated by Japanese staff and field officers on the Soviet border with Manchukuo and Mongolia led to the disastrous Battles of Khalkhin Gol which resulted in heavy casualties for Kwantung Army and severely challenged its much-vaunted reputation.

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Any farther expansion northwards into Siberia was shown to be impossible given the Soviet superiority in numbers and armour. He was recalled back to Japan in late and forced into retirement. The Kwantung Army was purged of both its more insubordinate elements and its proponents of Hokushin-ron.

The Army lost prestige due to its failures in the Soviet—Japanese border conflicts ; as a result the Navy gained the ascendency. It was supported in this by a number of the powerful industrial Zaibatsus , convinced that they could best serve their interests by fulfilling the needs of the Navy.

Arriva Rail North guards to strike on Saturday

The military setbacks on the Mongolian front, the ongoing Second Sino-Japanese War , and negative Western attitudes towards Japanese expansionist tendencies led to a shift towards Nanshin-ron in order to procure colonial resources in South East Asia and to neutralize the threat posed by Western military forces in the Pacific.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Japanese invasion of Manchuria. The Imperial Japanese Army: The Invincible Years Forging a Singaporean Statehood, The Contribution of Japan. International Law in Japanese Perspective.

North Korea: US planning 'bloody nose' first strike | USA News | Al Jazeera

The Way of the Heavenly Sword: The Japanese Army in the 's. Cornell Studies in Security Affairs. University of New England School of Economics: Retrieved 27 July RMT general secretary Mick Cash said: If they close that off there's a deal waiting to be done and I would ask them to get round the table with us and bolt it down as a matter of urgency. An SWR spokesman said: A Northern statement added: On those routes where we are able to operate trains, we expect all services to be extremely busy.

We also have replacement bus services available on some routes where trains aren't running.

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