James was probably the oldest brother after Jesus see Matt. Both demand high moral standards, and both tell what it means to pray fervently and have full faith.
James and His Letter
God will surely give to those who ask in faith see James 1: As Jesus promised, so James promises miracles through prayer and faith. Who has faith, then? Jesus had stressed that one cannot serve two masters. James says twice that a double-minded person is unstable. He bluntly tells us that half-hearted prayers are not answered, nor will Satan leave a person of divided determination. Every ancient presidency message asks for concern for others. Those who keep the royal law focus on the needy, especially the fatherless and widows. They give fair pay to the laborer. They speak to all with clean and respectful language.
The Gospels mention Peter more often than anyone except Christ. First and Second Peter ring with authority. The first letter is quoted several times by Polycarp in the early second century and is thereafter often identified as being from Peter. This counsel goes further than verbal teaching. One word repeated a number of times in both letters is translated conversation, used for its now-archaic meaning of way of life. The first half of Acts features his presidency of the Church. But Acts drops his story in favor of Paul after the Jerusalem Council.
Although Peter lived nearly two decades more, the New Testament gives only glimpses of this period.
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One instance concerns his ministry in Antioch about A. Paul blames him for not eating with the gentiles in the presence of Jews but admits that Peter, James, and John had decided to concentrate on missionary work to the Jews. The episode is valuable because it shows that Peter was in several major cities of the empire, not as bishop of Antioch or of Rome, but as a traveling Apostle above the stationary bishops. His first letter addressed the Saints in five Asian provinces and perhaps was written to strengthen his converts. Substantial groups of Jews then lived in those areas.
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Several scriptures show that the early Church knew far more on this subject than is preserved. Only prophets have the full perspective here, with President Joseph F. Smith seeing in vision the ongoing preaching by the righteous who have died. Peter was crucified at Rome under Nero. In his second letter, the chief Apostle predicts his imminent death see 2 Pet.
Furthermore, the mention of full preaching throughout Asia Minor suggests a date in the 60s.
As the final witness of Christ among the Old World Apostles, he penned his firsthand knowledge of Jesus in plain phrases: Earlier there was the intense period of testifying with Peter in the temple. During this period he also sat in many Church councils on the expanding work. Like Peter after the Jerusalem Conference, John disappeared from our view. So a study of Irenaeus suggests about A. Since the letters constantly refer to what Christ taught, they presuppose that the Apostle had already circulated his Gospel. But his words also show reliance on the Holy Ghost as the deeper source of knowledge of Christ.
The patterns in 1 John are striking.
Are they really closer to God? John warns that they carry the spirit of contention and vindictiveness, inspired by Satan instead of by God. These letters especially review the ultimate principle of the Last Supper discourse: What are the springs of life-giving love? In fact, if we read the gospels, we will see that His favorite day to heal was the Sabbath. No, I am not joking.
Third, making the man walk to the pool of Siloam and back would be considered illegal as well. If we read John chapter eight, we see that Jesus was probably in the vicinity of the temple when he performed this miracle. A quick look at a map shows that the journey to the pool and back was well over cubits. In this we see one of the great ironies of the scriptures. The Pharisees had great zeal for God. The average Pharisee fasted two days a week and paid his tithes to the penny.
Yet, their zeal for God did not lead them to God but away from God. They examined the Law to the smallest detail, but they entirely missed what the Law was saying. In other words He was Torah in the flesh. Yet, the Pharisees stood in the presence of the perfect revelation of Torah, and they did not know Him. In fact, they wanted to kill Him. To be fair, we cannot say this is true of all the Pharisees. The Law was meant to lead people to love God and their neighbor.
Most of all it was meant to lead to Jesus. It is ironic that because the Pharisees came to none of these things, they were the most impure of all. Many of them comprised the priesthood that controlled the temple in Jerusalem and the Jewish legal council called the Sanhedrin.
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They were in some ways more conservative than the Pharisees. They only recognized the Torah as the inspired word of God. They acknowledged neither the prophets nor the oral traditions that came after the first five books of the Bible. Consequently, they did not believe in the resurrection or any life after death. They were often at odds with the Pharisees over this matter. People had different ways of reacting to Roman occupation. The Sadducees thought it was best to try to get along with Rome.
The Sadducees opposed Jesus because they feared the people, and they feared Rome. The vast majority of the Jews did not share the Sadducees acceptance of Roman rule. They believed the Messiah would come, sword in hand, and drive the gentiles out of the Promised Land. Even though Jesus never spoke against Rome or advocated rebellion, the Sadducees shared the popular view of what the Messiah would be. Thus, in their minds, any messiah figure was a threat to their power. In the second half of the first century rebellion against Rome led to the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple.
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During the final siege against Jerusalem the rebels killed many of the Sadducees. This was the end of the Sadducees power. However, the Pharisees continued to shape Judaism in a post temple world. Others wanted to live with Rome. The Essenes chose isolation as their response to the crazy first century world. They formed a community on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea. There the Essenes thought they could live as the true people of God.
They rejected the Herods, the temple, and even the Pharisees as corrupt. In their mind, only they were true Israel. They would create a pure community from which the Messiah would come forth to redeem Israel They actually believed God would send two messiahs, one a priest and the other a king. They, the sons of light, would be the ones he would use to reestablish Israel. The impure Jews as well as the gentiles were bound for destruction. The gospels do not mention the Essenes.
The Romans destroyed the Essene community before converging on Jerusalem. Many scholars believe the Essenes were the authors of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Bandits Prophets, and Messiahs. Trinity Press International,