Prolific , facile , and declamatory, Zorrilla produced huge numbers of plays, lyric and narrative verse collections, and enormously popular rewrites of Siglo de Oro plays and legends; he was treated as a national hero. One major Romantic theme concerned liberty and individual freedom. Rimas influenced more 20th-century Spanish poets than any other 19th-century work.
A number of notable women writers emerged under Romanticism. Her poems sounded many feminist notes, although she in later life became conservative. She also wrote 16 full-length original plays, 4 of which were major successes. While poetry and theatre claimed the major honours, Spanish Romanticism also produced many novels—but none that rivaled those of Scottish contemporary Sir Walter Scott. Costumbrismo began before Romanticism, contributing to both Romanticism and the later realism movement through realistic prose.
Such writings, realistically observing everyday life and regional elements, bridged the transition to realism.
Early revival novels are of interest more for their powers of observation and description a continuation of costumbrismo than for their imaginative or narrative quality. He was a prolific writer, his works ranging from poetry and newspaper articles to critical essays and memoirs. Included among these many novels is his masterpiece, Fortunata y Jacinta —87; Fortunata and Jacinta , a paradigm of Spanish realism. Fortunata, his mistress and the mother of his son, and Jacinta, his wife. The novel has been seen as an allegory of the sterility of the upper classes, but its complexity transcends facile summary.
His later works represent naturalism or reflect turn-of-the-century spiritualism.
Spanish literature
He also wrote more than 20 successful and often controversial plays. Realistic drama in Spain produced few masterpieces but established a bourgeois comedy of manners further developed in the 20th century. In poetry, realistic trends produced little of note. He used a realistic approach to treat contemporary moral, religious, and political conflicts in his works, although his work also shows Romantic and medieval themes. The novel acquired new seriousness, and critical, psychological, and philosophical essays gained unprecedented importance. A provocative, somewhat unsystematic thinker, Unamuno aimed at sowing spiritual disquiet.
An artistic critic and sensitive miniaturist, he excelled in precision and ekphrasis description of a visual work of art. In his later works he experimented with Impressionism and Surrealism. The three stages of his literary evolution exhibit radical aesthetic change, beginning with exquisite , sometimes decadent , erotic Modernista tales, as in his four Sonatas —05; Eng.
The Pleasant Memoirs of the Marquis de Bradomin: Each represents a season of the year and of human life corresponding to the youth, plenitude, maturity, and old age of the narrator, a decadent Don Juan; intertextual allusions, nostalgia for an idealized past, aristocratic posing, melancholy , underlying parody, and humour abound. Modernismo rejected 19th-century bourgeois materialism and instead sought specifically aesthetic values.
Seeking Platonic absolutes in his final years, he produced measured, exact poetry that increasingly exulted in mystical discoveries of transcendence within the immanence of self and physical reality. A prolific playwright noted for his craftsmanship and wit, he profoundly altered Spanish theatrical practice and fare. Excelling in the comedy of manners with sparkling dialogue and satiric touches, Benavente never alienated his devoted upper-class public.
He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in His dramas inveighed against hypocrisy and corrupt values with mordant irony. Luces de Bohemia ; Bohemian Lights illustrates his theory and practice of esperpento , an aesthetic formula he also used in his fiction to depict reality through a deliberately exaggerated mimesis of its grotesqueness. She continued writing his plays even after he abandoned her for another woman. Brothers Manuel and Antonio Machado collaborated on several lyric plays during the s and early s.
The term novecentistas applies to a generation of writers that fall between the Generation of and the vanguardist Generation of The novecentistas —sometimes also called the Generation of —were more classical and less revolutionary than their predecessors.
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They sought to renew intellectual and aesthetic standards while reaffirming Classical values. Belarmino y Apolonio ; Belarmino and Apolonio examines the age-old debate between faith and reason, utilizing symbolic characters and multiple narrative viewpoints, while Tigre Juan ; Tiger Juan dissects traditional Spanish concepts of honour and matrimony. Images and metaphors—frequently illogical, hermetic, or irrational—became central to poetic creation.
Most of these poets experimented with free verse or exotic forms drawn from the Japanese, Arabic, and Afro-Caribbean literary traditions. By the end of the Spanish Civil War, in , many writers of the Generation of were dead or in exile. Lorca , a consummate artist, musician, dramatist, and poet, captured the stark emotions and powerful effects that characterize traditional song and ballad forms. In Romancero gitano ; The Gypsy Ballads , he blended popular styles with sophisticated mythic and symbolic elements evoking mysterious, ambivalent visions of nature.
Symbols and metaphors turn hermetic in Poeta en Nueva York ; Poet in New York , a Surrealist reflection of urban inhumanity and disorientation written during his visit to the United States in — Salinas sought pure poetry through clearly focused poems and a heightened sensitivity to language. Truth of Two and Other Poems , profoundly personal love experiences inspire subtle observations on the solidity of external reality and the fleeting world of subjective perception.
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A Selection , first published in and repeatedly enlarged in successive editions, constitutes a disciplined hymn to the joys of everyday reality. Aleixandre , influenced by Surrealism, dabbled in the subconscious and created his own personal myths.
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He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in Like Lorca, Alberti initially incorporated popular forms and folk elements. Alberti joined the Communist Party in the s, and during the Civil War and his subsequent exile in Argentina, he wrote poetry of political commitment; later he resumed personal, intimate themes.
Several significant women poets belong chronologically to the Generation of , including Rosa Chacel , a major essayist, poet, and novelist. Frequent themes are philosophical inspiration, faith, religiosity, separation, menace echoing the Civil War , friendships, and her wanderings. Her exile poetry expresses pessimism, loss, violence, horror, anguish, uncertainty, and pain e.
Characterizing her mature writing are religious preoccupations and mystic language. Champourcin ranks with the truly significant poets of her generation.
Lesser figures include Pilar de Valderrama and Josefina de la Torre. A novelist, memorialist, biographer, anthologist, critic, archivist, and author of juvenile fiction, Conde published nearly titles, including nine novels and several plays. She became the first woman elected to the Royal Spanish Academy and was the most honoured woman of her generation. She was born in Chile of Spanish parents and lived in Spain in the s; she later spent three decades in the United States before returning in to Spain, where she remained until her death.
His dramatic poetry was modern yet traditional, personal yet universal. Yerma , and La casa de Bernarda Alba ; The House of Bernarda Alba depicted extremes of passion involving the traditional Spanish theme of honour and its violent effects on women. The Spanish Civil War —39 drove into political exile some promising novelists whose narrative art matured abroad.
Requiem for a Spanish Peasant. These works offer devastating appraisals of the Spanish political scene from multiple perspectives and with complex narrative techniques. Considered by some to be the best prose writer of his era in the Spanish language , Ayala has published many volumes of essays on philosophy, pedagogy , sociology, and political theory.
Continuing his literary experimentation, Cela attained greater technical heights in La colmena ; The Hive , portraying divided Madrid society during the harsh winter of — By his death, in , Cela—who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in —had published by his own count more than books, including a dozen novels, numerous story collections, travel books, critical essays, poetry, and literary sketches.
The sociopolitical trauma of civil conflict with its cultural and economic uncertainty revived outmoded forms of realism. Smoke on the Ground , which depicts the miserable existence of uneducated cave dwellers, Miguel Delibes conveyed critical concern for a society whose natural values are under constant threat. A publisher, lawyer, teacher, and journalist, Delibes was the author of more than 50 volumes of novels, memoirs, essays, and travel and hunting books and received the prestigious Cervantes Prize in El hereje ; The Heretic , perhaps his masterpiece, depicts the abuse of power by the Spanish Inquisition.
Her crowning achievement is the novelistic cycle of Tadea: In Quiroga became the second woman elected to the Royal Spanish Academy. Often deprived of access to 19th-century realist and naturalist models, some post-Civil War writers reinvented these modes. During the s, several competent, committed younger novelists strengthened intellectual dissent.
Home Spanish to English preso. In English, many things are named after a particular country — but have you ever wondered what those things are called in those countries? Many words formed by the addition of the suffix —ster are now obsolete - which ones are due a resurgence? As their breed names often attest, dogs are a truly international bunch. Whether English is your first language, your second, or your nineteenth, you may have experienced trouble with all the words that end in -ough….
We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. This website uses cookies that provide targeted advertising and which track your use of this website. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Continue Find out more. More Spanish examples for this word. Les dedica el libro a los cinco cubanos presos en EE.
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Yo los vuelvo a matar. Fue un golpe, como si hubieran metido preso a un hermano. Es la primera vez que estoy preso por una causa. Hasta el momento son siete las personas presas. La figura fue recuperada en y desde reposa en el ayuntamiento. Las barras, de un valor de cerca de A la morsa, los obsequios parecen haberle agradado mucho. Pesa unos kilogramos. Y Mercedes es parte central de ello. Esta imagen obtenida en Recklinghausen, Renania del Norte Westfalia, parece una pintura.
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Su favorito es este: Su motor V8 de cuatro litros viene con dos nuevos turboalimentadores. RS son denominados los modelos de alto rendimiento de Audi.
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Las generaciones dos y tres llevaban motores de ocho cilindros. La actual viene nuevamente con un motor V6. Y eso no significa otra cosa que: El motor es un 3. Precio de partida en Alemania: Del volkswagen Sportsvan, una mezca de familiar y SUV, se han vendido hasta hoy En un principio se ofrecen dos motores de seis cilindros, uno de y uno de caballos de potencia. Su motor de punta: Volkswagen lo ofrece en una variante deportiva, la R-Line, y una refinada, la Elegance.
Tradicionalmente, el S siempre vino con un motor V8. Su nuevo motor V6 biturbo tiene una potencia de kilovatios. El motor V8 tiene una potencia de kilovatios y acelera al coche en 4,6 segundos de 0 a En Alemania cuesta La Serie 4 de BMW fue criticada por los expertos en No obstante, del BMW Serie 4 se han vendido hasta ahora nada menos que Y un interior espacioso y variable.