The Lady of Bayreuth. The Munich Art Hoard. Wagner and the Wonder of Art. The Cambridge Introduction to Thomas Mann. The Sorcerer of Bayreuth. Making of a Nazi Hero, The. The Use and Abuse of Cinema. Berlin Divided City, The A to Z of German Cinema. Hitler and the Nazi Cult of Film and Fame. A Life in Prague, Vienna, and Hollywood. The Many Faces of Weimar Cinema. Cinema in Democratizing Germany. Freud, Kafka, Einstein, and Their World. The Forest and the Field. Historical Dictionary of Holocaust Cinema.
Jewish Identities in German Popular Entertainment, — The Arts in Nazi Germany. Movie Houses of Greater Newark. Theatre and Evolution from Ibsen to Beckett. Animation Under the Swastika. Vienna's Dreams of Europe. He is the author of eleven books in print, along with several scholarly articles, essays, book chapters, reviews, and contributions. Would you like to tell us about a lower price? If you are a seller for this product, would you like to suggest updates through seller support?
The German-language theater is one of the most vibrant and generously endowed of any in the world. It boasts long and honored traditions that include world-renowned plays, playwrights, actors, directors, and designers, and several German theater artists have had an enormous impact on theater practice around the globe. Students continue to study German plays in dozens of languages, and every year scores of German plays are produced in a wide variety of non-German venues.
This second edition of Historical Dictionary of German Theater covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about German Theater. Read more Read less. Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts Hardcover: Be the first to review this item Amazon Best Sellers Rank: Feminist writer and intellectual who sees theater as a useful tool in the feminist campaign. Born in Algeria, she moved to France in and published a series of important theoretical essays.
Influenced by Jacques Derrida — , she combines serious philosophical and political thought with a playful style and with inventive development of literary forms. Her more recent works for the theater have become increasingly concerned with ethical and political questions in contemporary history, especially the effects of colonialism, corruption and social injustice.
Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts | Rowman & Littlefield
Supported by Voltaire, she spent some time at his home in Ferney recuperating from illness in and retired from public performance shortly afterward, although she remained active in campaigns to ameliorate the social reputation of her profession and to resist opposition to it from ecclesiastical authorities. Literary term applied generally to forms of art in which regularity and harmony are valued above rich or varied creativity. In theater history, the term is associated particularly with drama that adheres to the three unities.
Dominant French dramatist of the first half of the 20th century. A career diplomat, Claudel traveled to China in , to Brazil in with the composer Darius Milhaud as his secretary and to America in Partage de midi Break of Noon, draws on autobiographical elements, investigating both the guilt of adulterous love and the conflict between a religious vocation and sexual passion. He was awarded the Prix Ludmilla Tcherina in in recognition of his lifetime contribution to theater.
Although often impossible to classify, his works show affinities with both Surrealism and Expressionism: Theorists of drama, especially those working within the classical tradition, have expressed disquiet at the use of coincidence on the grounds that it defies verisimilitude, but dramatists have always known that theater audiences are seldom in practice troubled by such rational preoccupations. The French national theater company and its home in Paris. Rachel led a renewed vogue for classical tragedy in the middle years of the century.
Significant internal reconstruction of the building took place in — During the Franco-Prussian War and the siege of Paris — , the theater could not function normally, although fund-raising performances without costume were held, and the buildings were frequently commandeered for use as hospitals. Perrin also introduced a system of season tickets. Les Beaux Jours Happy Days in The Salle Richelieu was extensively renovated in — and in Muriel Mayette — has held the post of administrative director since August French term meaning lachrymose or sentimental drama and referring to a genre popular in the 18th century.
Succeeding companies at the same venue used the same name and became established as the most significant performers of drama in France. After , under the leadership of Bellerose and with royal patronage, and particularly after their theater building was refurbished in , they reestablished themselves as the leading Paris company and for the first time put on rival productions of plays previously performed at the Marais; when Floridor joined them from that company, Pierre Corneille also gave them the first performances of his new plays.
Comedy is often defined by contrast with tragedy: This definition encompasses a very wide range of tones, from hilarious and grotesque clowning to sophisticated wit.
In both the 19th and 20th centuries, the clear distinction between the tragic and the comic was broken down: Victor Hugo insisted that his drame fused together the sublime and the grotesque, and Absurd Theater similarly drew on extremes of hilarity and comic inventiveness to explore fundamentally serious themes. An Italian theatrical tradition dependent on stock characters, schematized gestures, use of masks or visors and improvisation. Their performances, although based on a strong central story line Italian canovaccio, French canevas , consisted of separate comic routines for which the Italian word lazzi is also used in French , enabling the actors to incorporate local and contemporaneous references and to respond dynamically to each audience.
Movement promulgating the political engagement of theatrical activity, particularly associated with the period after World War II. A company of actors established in Paris in to perform mystery plays and given official status by Charles VI in Major French stage director of the interwar years. He was also involved in antisemitic politics at the time of the Dreyfus affair — If that play, which seems Shakespearean in its systematic defiance of all the aspects of unity, harmony and concision that were to characterize French classicism, had achieved greater success, the path of 17th-century French drama might have been very different.
Horace and Cinna are Roman tragedies exploring the relationship between politics and personal emotion, while Polyeucte is a martyr play. Following the failure of Pertharite in , he abandoned the theater for almost a decade, devoting himself to religious verse writing, but during that period he revised many of his earlier plays and published them, together with critical and theoretical texts, in a collected edition in Brother of Pierre Corneille and himself a top-ranking dramatist and opera librettist, although posterity has accorded him considerably less status than Pierre.
Like the latter, he produced successful works in many genres, and his tragedy Timocrate , performed at the Marais theater in the presence of the king, was the single most successful play in 17thcentury France. The complexity of his plots, often based on mistaken identity or other misunderstandings, and the sentimentality of his characterization and poetic language, appealed to his contemporaries, who were less concerned than posterity about his lack of originality and the artificiality of many of his situations.
The clothes worn by actors form an integral part of the message received by the spectators. The director and designer have discretion to impose a balance between realism and convention: Seventeenth-century French actors owned their costumes and tended to use them indiscriminately, with at most some symbolic additions—ribbons or patches of ermine—to suggest a specific status or location. Evocation of the ancient world was achieved by the use of togas for male characters.
Costume provided an essential ingredient in the Realist and Naturalist theater of the 19th century, dominated by the quest for accuracy and authenticity. Modern theater generally stresses the symbolism of costume rather than the depiction of any precise period. Pseudonym of Georges Victor Marcel Moinaux — , comic dramatist in the boulevard farce and vaudeville tradition, which he carried into the early 20th century.
She gained some notoriety through a particularly gruesome and spectacular suicide scene in Le Sphinx by Octave Feuillet — She retired in to live in the country with the banker Jacques Stern, whom she married in Her brother-in-law, the prolific portrait painter Carolus Duran — , left an impressive painting of her on horseback. Belgian actor, journalist and dramatist who divided his life between Brussels and Paris.
Le Cocu magnifique obtained an international reputation, being directed all over Europe and by Vsevolod Meyerhold — in the Soviet Union. Artistic movement that flourished between and , associated particularly with Pablo Picasso — and Georges Braque — These plays are characterized by the exploration of a somewhat morbid psychology. His thesis plays, exploring philosophical ideas and moral dilemmas in a Naturalist style, also included La Nouvelle Idole The New Idol, , which tackles the moral implications of scientific progress, and Terre inhumaine Inhuman Land, A nihilistic version of Surrealism, associated particularly with Tristan Tzara.
Noted developer of early photography, also distinguished in his day as a scenic artist and stage lighting specialist. They combine witty dialogue with a realistic depiction of the society of the time, poking fun at snobbery and pretentiousness and portraying with cynicism all levels of society, including the peasantry. He also wrote court entertainments and operatic parodies. Prolific popular novelist best known for racy police thrillers published under the pseudonym San Antonio.
Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson — Stage name of Joseph Jean-Baptiste Albouy — , actor. Stage name of Catherine Le Clerc du Rozet — , actress. Born Catherine Leclerc, she was both the daughter and the wife of actors: Term used to describe the result of any technique, acting style or production device that has the effect of reminding the spectators that what they are witnessing is a performance rather than reality.
Theater based on this principle is associated particularly with 20th-century production techniques and with the theories of Bertolt Brecht, although in practice such techniques have almost always been central to theatrical activity: Defamiliarization has its roots in Russian Formalist criticism of the early 20th century, when it was perceived as a function of all art to cast new light on the everyday; in drama it is often seen as having a double function, making the spectators reassess both their conventional lives and the role of theater in society.
She performed at the Gymnase and with Scribe and the actor-director Charles-Gaspard Delestre-Poirson — made it the most successful rival to the royal theater companies at that time. Late in her career she became a supporter of Victorien Sardou, and bought a theater which still bears her name in order to promote his plays. Dramatist, novelist and academic. Dramatist and poet whose lyrics were widely set to music. Prolific author of sentimental novels and melodramas, including Les Deux Orphelines The Two Orphan Girls, , and a dramatization of the popular novel Le Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours Around the World in Eighty Days, published , stage adaptation performed by Jules Verne — He has also appeared in more than 50 films and television dramas.
Actor, diplomat and dramatist whose works were successful in his lifetime but have been forgotten by posterity. Deutsch is also a prolific translator, particularly of English science fiction. He was opposed to Wagnerism but put forward a new conception of total performance to which painters, musicians and scenario writers all contributed. Philosopher and author, a major figure in the Enlightenment and the most prominent of the French Encyclopedists. He accompanied them with theoretical essays on drama in which he announced the principles of a new drama, the serious, domestic, bourgeois drama of real life, thus pointing away from the stilted conventions of classicism: Diderot wrote a further comedy, Estil bon?
Hardouin appears to be partly autobiographical. These roles have not always been distinct: In the course of his exploits he finds the statue of a Commander whom he has earlier killed; he playfully invites the statue to dine with him, and the play ends spectacularly when the statue drags Dom Juan down to a flaming underworld. Former professor of dramaturgy at the Paris Conservatoire who succeeded Robert Abirached as French national director of theater and spectacle in Stage name of Marie Delaunay — , actress, the illegitimate daughter of members of a touring company.
All speech in drama effectively operates on two levels: Such devices present problems to those theoretical schools of thought that insist on total verisimilitude. Double enunciation is the source of dramatic irony, since the full meaning of any remark is likely to be different in the minds of the onstage interlocutor and of the spectator.
In French as in many languages the basic word for theater, derived from the Greek word for action. The French word drame has a more technical sense, in both the 18th and 19th centuries, to refer to a theatrical genre supported both by Denis Diderot and by the Romantic dramatists Victor Hugo and Alfred de Musset, in which elements of tragedy and comedy are combined to produce a more authentic and realistic representation.
Actor, dramatist and stage director. He built his reputation initially on witty improvisatory dialogues, performed on radio or stage and published under the title Diablogues His linguistic fireworks seem to have held the stage better than the bleaker elements of postwar experimental drama: Duchesnois was less physically attractive but won supporters for her voice and spontaneous delivery.
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She retired in Dramatist who adapted the plays of William Shakespeare for performance in French. Because he was not versed in English, he based his version on earlier literary translations and like English dramatists of the 17th and 18th centuries produced plays that were more regular and classical than the originals. Talma achieved particular acclaim as Othello in Humanist novelist and poet whose prolific literary and journalistic output contains only a small number of dramatic works: He insisted on the primacy of text over directorial gimmicks.
Early Romantic author most remembered for his novels but also an important dramatist in the period when the influence of William Shakespeare was first being felt. She was a rival of Adrienne Lecouvreur and Mlle Clairon: Professional name used by Dora Angela Duncan — , American dancer and choreographer.
She worked in Paris from In he returned to journalism and became an influential critic, author and dramatist. Authorial pseudonym of Marguerite Donnadieu — , author and dramatist. From an Indochinese background, she came to Paris in and began her literary career as a novelist. Le Square , revised , based on her own novel of had more impact as a radio play than onstage.
Publicly critical of Alexandre Hardy in , he belonged to the generation of dramatists who heralded the classical period by fostering the introduction of greater regularity. Stage and professional name used by Alex Martin — , actor, stage director and theater administrator. Although tempted to leave, they feel obliged to remain on this spot, where they are to meet Godot.
Their desultory, often meaningless and directionless conversation is interrupted by the arrival, not of Godot but of Pozzo, a theatrical sadist who leads his slave, Lucky, on a long lead. It is not so much a play about waiting, whatever Godot may be taken to represent, but a demonstration of the act of waiting; the characters have more in common with clowns than with representational types, the dialogue is more like the content of a nightmare than a rational discourse.
It is in these ways that En Attendant Godot, like much French drama of the midth century, challenges both the lifestyle of the theater-going classes and their expectations about theater itself. They were characterized by wearing the costume of traditional court jesters and by a light-hearted approach to material, which sometimes brought them into conflict with religious authorities.
It has been plausibly argued that his influence, replacing to some extent that of Seneca, which had dominated previous French tragic drama, was more decisive than Jansenism in shaping the bleak tragic outlook of Jean Racine. In France, Vincent van Gogh — conveyed inner turmoil through the swirling brush strokes of such works as The Starry Night , while Henri Matisse — and the Fauvists scandalized the public by their unconventional use of color.
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Later Expressionist painters, such as Emil Nolde — , Georges Rouault — and Paul Klee — , were increasingly disenchanted with bourgeois materialism, and it was this attitude that allied them with other art forms, including literature, drama and opera. Although Expressionism in literature is primarily associated with Germany, whereas the French reaction against Realism is found in Symbolism, the creation and production of French drama in the first three decades of the 20th century were significantly influenced by the fiction of Franz Kafka — , the operas of Alban Berg — and the dramas of August Strindberg — and Gerhart Hauptmann — , all of which depicted a world in which the human spirit had been distorted by industrialization, bureaucracy and mechanization.
Belgian dramatist and translator. A verse tale, generally earthy and satirical. This popular form balanced the longer and more grandiloquent epic poems that dominated medieval French literature. After unsuccessful careers as a soldier and as a provincial actor, he devoted himself to writing and won a prize at the Jeux Floraux de Toulouse.
French name for one of the recurrent stock characters in comedy, a braggart soldier who is in reality an inept coward but who boasts of military and amorous exploits. Comic drama usually characterized by suggestive crudity and whimsical wit. With its origins in the fabliau, it was established as a distinct dramatic genre in medieval times, associated with La Basoche and Les Enfants sans souci.
The dialogue was characterized by eloquence and wit, and the play as a whole directed biting satire against current behavior and social or political authority. In the classical period, farce was considered a style of acting rather than a genre, associated particularly with Gros-Guillaume, Gaultier-Garguille, Jodelet, Tabarin and Turlupin.
Dramatist, librettist and theater director. Stage name of Edwige Caroline Cunati — , actress. Best known author of boulevard farces. Stage name of Josias de Soulas, sieur de Primefosse — , actor. His daughter married the author Antoine de Montfleury in These events divided acting communities between those who supported the need for reform of feudal abuses and those who remained loyal to an aristocracy that had provided patronage. An artistic and poetic movement started in Italy by Filippo Marinetti — and associated with Dadaism.
Futurist artists, excited by the promise of the early 20th century, celebrated the mechanization and motion of city life and sought to abolish the past. Ornate theater building in central Paris built in for performances of opera, musicals and ballet. In — it was redesigned and refurbished as a center for the performance of contemporary music and digital art. Humanist scholar, poet and dramatist who established the forms of tragedy and tragicomedy in the preclassical period.
A lawyer by profession, he wrote tragedies in imitation of Seneca, most notably Hippolyte and MarcAntoine , tragedies on Greek models, La Troade The Trojan Women, and Antigone , a tragicomedy, Bradamante , and a biblical tragedy, Les Juives The Jewish Women, , generally regarded as his masterpiece. All are characterized by eloquent lyricism, as victims lament their misfortunes, the chorus explains and comments on the action, and all characters punctuate their speeches with maxims, rhetorical devices and moral discussions, but not without a sense of the dramatic, through which Garnier conveyed a sense of fatality and tragic irony.
The death of his anarchist father in the course of a political demonstration no doubt consolidated his own political convictions, but it was always through writing that he sought to achieve political change. Le Labyrinthe, dealing with the political problems of Northern Ireland, was performed at the Avignon Festival in From , he was closely associated with Gros-Guillaume and Turlupin, and this trio dominated the Paris stage until He also had a reputation as a witty burlesque author.
Professional pseudonym of Firmin Tonnerre — , actor and stage director. He was particularly associated with the early work of Romain Rolland. In all these roles his object was to modernize theatrical activities and bring them to a wider public. Much of his life was devoted to travel and political activism, and apart from the early Les Bonnes The Servants, , his plays were written over a relatively short period: The last play was written in and performed in German in Munich and Berlin and in English in London directed by Peter Brook before its first performances in French.
He transferred in to the Palais-Royal, where he continued working in a similar repertoire until He supported Pierre Lafon against the ageing Talma, and Mlle George against Mlle Duchesnois, and resisted the increasing influence on early Romantic drama of Shakespearean and German models. One of the literary giants of the French 20th century, although his involvement with theater was limited.
His early works reflect the influence of Symbolism, his novels and journals contain a somewhat introverted and at times tortured reflection on the nature of humanity, on religion and on sexuality, and his output as a whole is marked by its confessional tone and its constant questioning of literary and social conventions. He won the Nobel Prize for literature in Writer, best known as novelist, although he also wrote poems and plays.
Dramatist in the classical school of the interwar period, particularly associated with Louis Jouvet. A dramatist of ideas, he wrote intense and linguistically sophisticated comedies incorporating serious political debates, although his reputation has become somewhat tarnished due to an association with rather dated preciosity. Although many of them explore a sense of fatality, and he was a perceptive critic of Racinian tragedy, he is inclined to challenge blind fatalism in his characters rather than conniving with their sense of helplessness.
Giraudoux also wrote novels and worked as a diplomat and civil servant. Brothers whose strongly Naturalist literary work was published under their joint names. After a number of youthful attempts at drama and vaudeville, they concentrated mainly on fiction, social history and art criticism. Several of their plays proved controversial: In , Edmond tried in vain to persuade Sarah Bernhardt to appear in his adaptation of his novel La Faustin, which is about an actress.
He was also an operatic librettist and published a two-volume journal. Painter and illustrator whose use of the human body as an art object makes his work a point of intersection between art, dance and drama. French operatic composer, conductor and church organist. After World War II, the theater also staged detective thrillers and science fiction dramas until it closed in His early works were judged too ornate by Paris audiences, so like Jean-Baptiste Lully in the previous century he imitated the prosody of French classical acting to combine more effectively Italianate melody with French diction.
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Poet and dramatist, although more distinguished in his own day as a medical doctor. As a convert to Protestantism, he spent much of his life in exile. His name first appears in legal documents as leader of a troupe of actors in Paris in He also used the stage name La Fleur, probably to distinguish his work in more serious genres from his principal reputation as a farceur. From , he was closely associated with Gaultier-Garguille and Turlupin, and this trio dominated the Paris stage until Theater building and acting company in Paris.
Actor, a member of the Parisian Marais company from about Although he signed a fresh fiveyear contract with Bellerose in , he broke it to pursue a medical career. Son of Lucien Guitry, and an even more famous boulevard and later film actor than his father. Theater building and company in Paris, founded in , and a major center for social drama under the Realist director Lemoine-Montigny during the Second Empire. She had previously performed in both Algiers and Cairo.
She obtained a minor reputation as a singer in operetta before going on to make her name in social dramas such as those by Georges Ohnet and an adaptation of Sapho by the popular Realist novelist Alphonse Daudet — Inspired by Jean-Paul Sartre and Bertolt Brecht, he sought to use theater as a medium for debate and social change and acknowledged also the influence of the verbal dexterity of Jacques Audiberti.
Prolific dramatist, librettist and author of vaudevilles, mostly in collaboration with Henri Meilhac. Prolific playwright who furnished the staple repertoire of Paris theater in the early 17th century. The first author to make writing plays in French a professional career, he wrote in a variety of genres—tragedy, tragicomedy, pastorale and comedy—all characterized by irregularity and coarseness and using either mythological or romantic subjects.
There is some evidence that he may also have been an actor. His resistance to the imposition of formal rules for regular tragedy was marked by his continuing depiction of violence, his use of trivial and nonstandard vocabulary, and his mixing of genres; he defended these practices in his polemical preface to Le Ravissement de Proserpine The Abduction of Persephone.
Historian and poet who wrote a small number of unsuccessful tragedies and comedies. The play was almost designed to provoke conservative elements in the audience, with unconventional metrical features in the verse, undignified behavior from regal characters, extravagant sets and a systematic undermining of the unities. The resulting controversy triggered the bataille de Hernani. The resulting controversy probably did little to change the minds or tastes of either party but ensured the ongoing interest of the public in new drama.
Dramatist, novelist, professional diplomat and journalist. French term for a ham actor or mountebank. Swiss composer, brought up in Le Havre and largely resident in Paris. A system of social conventions, based on reason, good taste and compromise, that dominated polite society in 17th-century France and had a significant influence on what was considered acceptable in theater.
Impresario, stage and film actor and stage director. Although some alterations to the exterior of the building were authorized in , financial difficulties prevented any major improvements to the auditorium. Despite such problems, the company remained successful and relatively stable throughout the early 17th century, employing many of the most distinguished actors and playwrights of the day: Renovation and modernization of the building eventually took place in , using the recently refurbished Marais as a model.
The theater was directed from until by Marcel Pinard? Romantic poet, novelist and dramatist whose work dominated 19th-century France. The invention on the spot, properly of text, but by extension of gesture, facial expression or other action. Techniques of improvisation are very widely used in the training of both actors and directors, and the advance preparation of almost all performances will involve experiments in which actors improvise delivery and action and may suggest enhancements to a given text. In French theater in particular, the widespread use of rhyming verse in serious plays, and the slickness of timing associated with the comic tradition, make most productions reliant on predictable and well-rehearsed effects.
Leading exponent of Absurd Theater. Romanian by birth, with a French mother, he was largely educated in France although this process was interrupted by World War I and by the divorce of his parents in and wrote consistently in French. He settled definitively in France in and was naturalized after the war.
His humor, with its celebration of the irrational, and the nightmarish quality of his scenarios, often recalls Surrealism. He has in this way put popular music at the disposal of officialdom for public events such as the opening of the Winter Olympics and the centenary of the Eiffel Tower.
Innovative dramatist whose work pushed to an extreme the Symbolist tendency to dehumanize character and who is seen as a forerunner of Surrealism. Sequels to Ubu roi followed: Jarry also wrote science fiction. Monsieur Orgon wishes his daughter Silvia to marry Dorante but indulgently respects her desire to get to know the young man before entering into a firm commitment.
Silvia accordingly changes positions with her maidservant Lisette in order to observe her suitor.
Historical Dictionary of German Theater (Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts)
This quadruple disguise leads to a series of comic scenes in which the real servants relish their ability to seduce their supposed masters and the real masters are astounded by the sensitivity of the supposed servants. The tone changes slightly in the final act when Silvia, having already learned the true situation, tests Dorante by provoking him to declare his love while still believing her to be a maidservant, but all is finally revealed and the two couples are united. The role of Dorante was probably created by the then-leader of the Italian troupe, Jean-Antoine Romagnesi — , those of Mario and Silvia by the husband-and-wife team of Joseph Baletti?
Arlequin was played by Thomaso-Antonio Vicentini — He was one of the earliest proponents of a move toward a more natural acting style, which after the Romantic period led to Realism and Naturalism in the theater. Stage name of Julien Bedeau c— , celebrated comic actor, distinguished in his day by very heavy make-up and by his nasal intonation.
Dramatist and poet who was the first Frenchman to apply the principles of Renaissance humanist thought to dramatic composition. He aimed at creating a classical drama in contrast to the morality plays and soties that then occupied the French stage. His plays have historical rather than intrinsic value. Each act ends with a chorus that moralizes on such subjects as the inconstancy of fortune and the judgment of heaven on human pride.
Most significant French actor and director of the midth century. Dramatist whose tragedy Sylla , performed by Talma, was the most successful new work of the neoclassical period that preceded the introduction of Romantic drama. Belgian-born dramatist and journalist of Polish-Jewish extraction whose father perished in Auschwitz. Failing to achieve theatrical recognition in Belgium, Kalisky moved to Corsica in before settling in Paris in Algerian poet, novelist and dramatist whose works are published under the pseudonym Kateb Yacine.
He was a militant nationalist who nevertheless remained attached to the French cultural and literary heritage and wrote in French until the late s. Thereafter he wrote in French or in Algerian dialect French or in Arabic. Greek designer and stage director. Dramatist who provided the bulk of the comic repertoire in midth-century Paris. Her father Georges Buffequin — and her half-brother Denis Buffequin —?
Actor who was the first to challenge the supremacy in tragedy of Talma in the early 19th century. Poet, best known for his Fables, published in 12 books between and He also acted as intendant to the company, keeping records of performances and receipts. Stage name of Jean Mauduit — , actor. Some sources date his birth to , some his death to Stage director, actor, author and academic. His minimalist approach to theatrical production distinguishes his work from that of Roger Planchon and Antoine Vitez. He was particularly associated with compilations and collage in a postmodernist setting: Les Cannibales The Cannibals, combined extracts from around 50 authors.
Stage director, born in Argentina and naturalized as French in Actress, the most celebrated of her generation. Baron emerged from retirement in in order to play alongside her. Despite unprepossessing looks, he achieved success in the role of kings in tragedy and peasants in comedy, and he wrote lively if licentious comedies. Stage name of Henri Louis Cain — , actor. It was Lekain who was instrumental in obtaining from Count Lauragais — an indemnity that enabled the theater company to discontinue the practice begun in of allowing spectators to sit on benches on the stage.
Stage name used in Paris by Luigi Riccoboni — , Italian actor and theorist of acting.
Historical Dictionary of French Theater (Historical Dictionaries Of Literature And The Arts)
He was particularly associated with social drama, and by encouraging actors to move more naturally he helped to shift the emphasis in French theater from the Romantic to the Realist. One of his innovations was to insist that a realistic indoor setting should include a table, even if this inhibited the action and declamation of more traditional-minded actors; another was to suggest that female characters should knit during conversations.
A company led by Le Noir was on tour in Bordeaux in and in Lille in He had joined a company sponsored by the Prince of Orange by , rapidly achieved prominence in it and was probably its chief by Lescot has also composed stage music for his own productions, and he explores unconventional combinations of textual, musical and other elements in stage performance. For much of the history of theater, performances took place in the open air or during daylight hours, and modern conventions by which the audience sat in darkness watching an illuminated stage were inconceivable.
During the classical period of French theater, candles were used to illuminate the whole theater: