The work translates the Biblical account of the Massacre of the Innocents into a winter scene in the Netherlands in the prelude to the Dutch Revolt against Spanish rule, also known as the Eighty Years' War.
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What is now thought to be the only version by Bruegel the Elder c. Many other versions are attributed to Pieter Breughel the Younger, with different art historians listing as many as 7 or 14 versions, including leading examples in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna the only version showing the slaughter , in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels, and in the National Museum of Art of Romania in Bucharest.
Pieter Breughel the Younger also painted his own different composition of the Massacre of the Innocents: The painting depicts an event described in the Gospel of Saint Matthew 2: In the Biblical account, an angel warned Jesus's family, and they escaped to Egypt.
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The Massacre of the Innocents is commemorated on 28 December in the Catholic, Lutheran and Anglican church calendars, as the fourth day of Christmastide. Bruegel translated the scene to a 16th-century Netherlandish village, where the Flemish villagers are attacked by Spanish soldiers and German mercenaries, possibly as a commentary on the behaviour of occupying Spanish troops in the prelude to the Dutch Revolt against Spanish rule, also known as the Eighty Years' War.
THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS
The very severe winter of may have inspired the snow-covered scene, with icicles hanging from the eaves and a pond covered with a thick layer of ice: Rudolph disliked the graphic scene, which depicted many infants being slaughtered by soldiers carrying his own imperial heraldry of the double-headed eagle, and had the children painted over with details — small objects including food and animals — so that it became a scene of plunder not a massacre of babies. The later overpainting became apparent during conservation work in , and Lorne Campbell identified the painting in the Royal Collection as the original version by Bruegel the Elder.
This version was probably one of many paintings from the imperial collection looted from Prague Castle by a Swedish army in , at the end of the Thirty Years' War: The version at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna was long thought to be the original by Pieter Bruegel the Elder. This book was pretty powerful for me to read because my father was a veteran at the same time that the author was visiting.
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He also used ecorche figures - anatomical statues with the skin [9] removed-to study how the body was made. At the time of Rubens' first painting on the subject Antwerp had been involved in warfare only a few years before- a conflict temporarily frozen by the truce of In one year alone over 8, citizens had been killed by Calvinists and Catholics alike as the Spanish forces ruling the Netherlands sought to repel Protestant armies.
Antwerp however remained a Catholic stronghold and became a leading centre of Counter Reformation thought.
Towards the end of his life, between and , Rubens painted a second version of the Massacre of the Innocents. A copy of this later version was made as an engraving in by Paulus Pontius. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Archived from the original on Archived from the original on 11 August