Comparative cephalopod shell strength and the role of septum morphology on stress distribution. A better understanding of the material properties of cephalopod nacre may allow the estimation of maximum depth limits of shelled cephalopods through finite element analysis. In cement-based materials porosity plays an important role in determining their mechanical and transport properties. This paper describes an improved low—cost embeddable miniature NMR sensor capable of non-destructively measuring evaporable water loss and porosity refinement in low and high water-to-cement ratio cement-based materials.
The sensor consists of two NdFeB magnets having their North and South poles facing each other, separated by 7 mm to allow space for a Faraday cage containing a Teflon tube and an ellipsoidal RF coil. The short lifetime component of the transverse relaxation rate is directly proportional to the compressive strength of concrete determined by destructive testing. Radial distributions of magnetic field strength in the solar corona as derived from data on fast halo CMEs.
In recent years, information about the distance between the body of rapid coronal mass ejection CME and the associated shock wave has been used to measure the magnetic field in the solar corona. In all cases, this technique allows us to find coronal magnetic field radial profiles B R applied to the directions almost perpendicular to the line of sight.
We have determined radial distributions of magnetic field strength along the directions close to the Sun-Earth axis. We have concluded that to improve the accuracy of this method for finding the coronal magnetic field we should develop a technique for detecting CME sites moving in the slow and fast solar wind. We propose a technique for selecting CMEs whose central paraxial part actually moves in the slow wind. Both waste streams are then separately vitrified as glass and poured into canisters for disposition. There are currently no plans to treat the waste to remove technetium, so its disposition path is the LAW glass.
To achieve the full target WTP throughput, additional LAW immobilization capacity is needed, and options are being explored to immobilize the supplemental LAW portion of the tank waste. Removal of 99Tc, followed by off-site disposal, would eliminate a key risk contributor for the IDF Performance Assessment PA for supplemental waste forms, and has potential to reduce treatment and disposal costs.
One of these flowsheets will specifically examine removing 99Tc from the LAW feed stream to supplemental immobilization. To enable an informed decision regarding the viability of technetium removal, further maturation of available technologies is being performed. It is advantageous to operate at higher concentration in order to treat the waste stream without dilution and to minimize the volume of the. The ceramic-metal interface is present in various material structures and devices that are vulnerable to failures, like cracking, which are typically due to their incompatible properties, e.
In failure of these multilayer systems, interfacial shear strength is a good measure of the robustness of interfaces, especially for planar films. There is a widely-used shear lag model and method by Agrawal and Raj to analyse and measure the interfacial shear strength of thin brittle film on ductile substrates. Here, we present finite element simulations for such a coating system when it is subjected to in-plane tension. Results show that the in-plane stresses in the coating are non-uniform, i. Therefore, they do not meet one of the basic assumptions of the classical model: Furthermore, effects of three significant parameters, film thickness, crack spacing, and Young's modulus, on the in-plane stress distribution have also been investigated.
M 1 transitions in the sdg boson model. The M 1 matrix elements in the sdg-boson model are similar in form to those in the neutron-proton IBM. Comparisons are made to some selected M 1 data exhibiting collective character. Preliminary results on the extraction of such multipole ratios have been previously reported in the NSTAR proceedings1. First results for a -K2 of 0. Although the M 1 muscarinic receptor is a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease AD based on its wide spread distribution in brain and its association with learning and memory processes, whether its receptor response is altered during the onset of AD remains unclear.
M 1 - function was stable across clinical groups. However, [3H]-oxotremorine-M radioligand binding studies revealed that the concentration of M 1 cortical receptors increased significantly between the NCI and AD groups. Although M 1 receptor function did not correlate with cognitive function based upon mini-mental status examination MMSE or global cognitive score GCS , functional activity was negatively correlated with the severity of neuropathology determined by Braak staging and NIA-Reagan criteria for AD. Since M 1 agonists have the potential to modify the pathologic hallmarks of AD, as well as deficits in cognitive function in animal models of this disease, the present findings provide additional support for targeting the M 1 receptor as a potential therapeutic for AD.
AP4 M 1 is abnormally expressed in oxygen-glucose deprived hippocampal neurons. AP4 M 1 mutations have been suggested to be associated with autosomal recessive cerebral palsy syndrome. But the pathogenic mechanism remains uncertain. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether and how AP4 M 1 expression is changed in injured neurons.
Primary cultured hippocampal neurons were prepared for this experiment. They were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation OGD leading to apoptosis, mimicking brain ischemia. Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to measure the gene expression. We found that the AP4 M 1 protein levels immediately after the procedure were similar between the OGD group and the sham group. However, down-regulation was observed 12h after the reperfusion, and became more notable at 24h. Immunofluorescent labeling revealed AP4 M 1 distributed in the dendrites of normal neurons, but it redistributed to the axons after the OGD procedure.
In conclusion, AP4 M 1 is not only down-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels, but also redistributed from dendrites to axons in oxygen-glucose deprived hippocampal neurons. Bayesian bivariate meta-analysis of correlated effects: Impact of the prior distributions on the between-study correlation, borrowing of strength , and joint inferences. Multivariate random-effects meta-analysis allows the joint synthesis of correlated results from multiple studies, for example, for multiple outcomes or multiple treatment groups.
In a Bayesian univariate meta-analysis of one endpoint, the importance of specifying a sensible prior distribution for the between-study variance is well understood. A range of diverse scenarios are considered, including complete and missing data, to examine the impact of the prior distributions on posterior results for treatment effect and between-study correlation , amount of borrowing of strength , and joint predictive distributions of treatment effectiveness in new studies.
Two key recommendations are identified to improve the robustness of multivariate meta-analysis results. Instead, researchers should identify a sensible prior distribution , for example, by restricting values to be positive or negative as indicated by prior knowledge. Second, it remains critical to use sensible e. These recommendations are especially important with a small number of studies and. Reliability estimation of a N- M-cold-standby redundancy system in a multicomponent stress- strength model with generalized half-logistic distribution.
In this paper, we study the estimation for the reliability of a multicomponent system, named N- M-cold-standby redundancy system, based on progressive Type-II censoring sample. In the system, there are N subsystems consisting of M statistically independent distributed strength components, and only one of these subsystems works under the impact of stresses at a time and the others remain as standbys. Whenever the working subsystem fails, one from the standbys takes its place.
The system fails when the entire subsystems fail. It is supposed that the underlying distributions of random strength and stress both belong to the generalized half-logistic distribution with different shape parameter. The reliability of the system is estimated by using both classical and Bayesian statistical inference.
Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator and maximum likelihood estimator for the reliability of the system are derived. Under squared error loss function, the exact expression of the Bayes estimator for the reliability of the system is developed by using the Gauss hypergeometric function. The asymptotic confidence interval and corresponding coverage probabilities are derived based on both the Fisher and the observed information matrices.
The approximate highest probability density credible interval is constructed by using Monte Carlo method. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performances of the proposed reliability estimators. A real data set is also analyzed for an illustration of the findings. Influence of extracellular zinc on M 1 microglial activation. Extracellular zinc, which is released from hippocampal neurons in response to brain ischaemia, triggers morphological changes in microglia.
Under ischaemic conditions, microglia exhibit two opposite activation states M 1 and M2 activation , which may be further regulated by the microenvironment. We examined the role of extracellular zinc on M 1 activation of microglia. In contrast, the cell-permeable zinc chelator TPEN, the radical scavenger Trolox, and the P2X7 receptor antagonist A suppressed the effects of zinc pre-treatment on microglia.
These findings suggest that extracellular zinc may prime microglia to enhance production of pro-inflammatory cytokines via P2X7 receptor activation followed by reactive oxygen species generation in response to stimuli that trigger M 1 activation, and that these inflammatory processes may result in deficits in object recognition memory. Optical oscillator strength distribution of amino acids from 3 to eV and examination of the Thomas Reiche Kuhn sum rule.
Molecular Theory of Gases and Liquids. Wiley, New York, p. We concluded that T-R-K sum rule was correctly applicable for such relatively large size of biomolecules. Accelerated test system strength models based on Birnbaum-Saunders distribution: Several models for studies related to tensile strength of materials are proposed in the literature where the size or length component has been taken to be an important factor for studying the specimens' failure behaviour. An important model, developed on the basis of cumulative damage approach, is the three-parameter extension of the Birnbaum-Saunders fatigue model that incorporates size of the specimen as an additional variable.
This model is a strong competitor of the commonly used Weibull model and stands better than the traditional models, which do not incorporate the size effect. The paper considers two such cumulative damage models, checks their compatibility with a real dataset, compares them with some of the recent toolkits, and finally recommends a model, which appears an appropriate one. Throughout the study is Bayesian based on Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The startup performance and microbial distribution of an anaerobic baffled reactor ABR treating medium- strength synthetic industrial wastewater.
In this study, an anaerobic baffled reactor ABR with seven chambers was applied to treat medium- strength synthetic industrial wastewater MSIW. The performance of startup and shock test on treating MSIW was investigated. In a stable state, Comamonas, Smithella, Syntrophomonas and Pseudomonas were the main populations of bacteria, while the predominant methanogen was Methanobacterium. The results of chemical and microbiological analysis indicated the significant advantages of ABR, including buffering shocks, separating stages with matching microorganisms and promoting syntrophism.
Meanwhile, the strategies for acclimation and operation were of great importance. Further work can test reactor performance in the treatment of actual industrial wastewater. The DNA origami method produces programmable nanoscale objects that form when one long scaffold strand hybridizes to numerous oligonucleotide staple strands. One scaffold strand is dominating the field: M13mp18, a bacteriophage-derived vector nucleotides in length.
The full-length M13 is typically folded by using over staple oligonucleotides. A typical M 1. Due to its medium size, M 1. As a proof of principle, two origami structures with globally 5'-capped staples were prepared and were shown to give higher UV-melting points than the corresponding assembly with unmodified DNA. Small origami with M 1. Comparison of electric field strength and spatial distribution of electroconvulsive therapy and magnetic seizure therapy in a realistic human head model.
Background This study examines the strength and spatial distribution of the electric field induced in the brain by electroconvulsive therapy ECT and magnetic seizure therapy MST. Methods The electric field induced by standard bilateral, right unilateral, and bifrontal and experimental focal electrically administered seizure therapy and frontomedial ECT electrode configurations as well as a circular MST coil configuration was simulated in an anatomically realistic finite element model of the human head. Maps of the electric field strength relative to an estimated neural activation threshold were used to evaluate the stimulation strength and focality in specific brain regions of interest for these ECT and MST paradigms and various stimulus current amplitudes.
Results The standard ECT configurations and current amplitude of — mA produced the strongest overall stimulation with median of 1. All standard ECT electrode placements exposed the hippocampi to suprathreshold electric field, although there were differences across modalities with bilateral and right unilateral producing respectively the strongest and weakest hippocampal stimulation. Conclusions The relative differences in electric field strength may be a contributing factor for the cognitive sparing observed with right unilateral compared to bilateral ECT, and MST compared to right unilateral ECT.
Enter this integral into your favourite computer algebra system, and the results may be unrecognizable. In this article, we seek to provide a simpler evaluation for integrals of this form. Irgm1 promotes M 1 but not M2 macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and development.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease related to macrophages uptake of low-density lipoprotein and their subsequent transformation into foam cells. In this study, we investigated whether the immunity related GTPase Irgm1 regulates macrophage polarization during atherosclerosis development. We used apolipoprotein E ApoE knockout and Irgm1 haplodeficient mice and induced atherosclerosis with high-cholesterol diet for the indicated months.
Moreover, we found that Irgm1 haplodeficiency in mice significantly reduced expression level of M 1 function-related transcription factors, interferon regulatory factor Irf 5 and Irf8, but not Irf4, an M2-related transcription factor. A forest of fine structure was observed in the excitation energy region MeV. A multipole decomposition analysis of the angular distribution for the forest was carried out using the ECIS95 distorted-wave Born approximation code with the Hartree-Fock plus random-phase approximation model of E1 and M 1 transition densities and inclusion of E1 Coulomb excitation.
Serine protease activity in m - 1 cortical collecting duct cells. An apical serine protease, channel-activating protease 1 CAP1 , augments sodium transport in A6 cells. Prostasin, a novel serine protease originally purified from seminal fluid, has been proposed to be the mammalian ortholog of CAP1. We have recently found functional evidence for a similar protease activity in the M - 1 cortical collecting duct cell line. The purposes of the present studies were to determine whether prostasin or CAP1 is present in collecting duct cells by use of mouse M - 1 cells, to sequence mouse prostasin, and to further characterize the identity of the serine protease activity and additional functional features in M - 1 cells.
A single bp transcript was found by Northern analysis, and this was not altered by aldosterone.
Trypsin increased the I eq in aprotinin-treated cells to the value of the control group within 5 minutes. Trypsin partially reversed the effect of aprotinin on R te. STI inhibited I eq gradually over 6 hours, and the inhibition of I eq by 2 inhibitors was additive. STI decreased transepithelial resistance much less than did aprotinin. Neither aldosterone nor dexamethasone significantly augmented protease activity. The plasma cam's existence has important implications for the global interchange-driven convection cycle and is a clue to solving the mystery of the rotational periodicities in Saturn's magnetosphere.
Federal Register , , , , The proposed form is substantively different from previous versions of the Form M - 1 and may not be used for filing purposes. The usual continuum shell model is extended so as to include a statistical treatment of multi-doorway processes. The total configuration space of the nuclear reaction problem is subdivided into the primary doorway states which are coupled by the initial excitation to the nuclear ground state and the secondary doorway states which represent the complicated nature of multi-step reactions. The latter are evaluated within the exciton model which gives the coupling widths between the various finestructure subspaces.
This coupling is determined by a statistical factor related to the exciton model and a dynamical factor given by the interaction matrix elements of the interacting excitons.
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The whole structure defines the multi-doorway continuum shell model. In this work it is applied to the highly fragmented magnetic dipole strength in 58Ni observed in high resolution electron scattering. Diese Kopplungen sind durch einen aus dem Exciton-Modell resultierenden Faktor sowie durch einen dynamischen Faktor bestimmt, der sich aus dem Matrixelement der wechselwirkenden Excitonen berechnet.
Die Struktur der Kopplungen definiert das Multi-Doorway-Kontinuum-Schalenmodell, das hier auf die Beschreibung der stark fragmentierten. Detailing magnetic field strength dependence and segmental artifact distribution of myocardial effective transverse relaxation rate at 1. Healthy subjects were considered. Three short-axis views of the left ventricle were examined.
The global artifactual factor was significantly enlarged at 7. The mid-septum showed minor artifactual factors at 7. We construct a distribution function of the strain-tensor components induced by point defects in an elastically anisotropic continuum, which can be used to account quantitatively for many effects observed in different branches of condensed matter physics. Parameters of the derived six-dimensional generalized Lorentz distribution are expressed through the integrals computed over the array of strains. The distribution functions for the cubic diamond and elpasolite crystals and tetragonal crystals with the zircon and scheelite structures are presented.
The low-lying Gamow-Teller strengths of even-even nuclei are considerably larger than those of the neighboring odd-A and odd-odd nuclei, strongly affecting the half-lives and neutron emission probabilities. We derive a formula to represent the positions of the Gamow-Teller giant resonances from the calculated strength distributions. Dipole oscillator strength distributions with improved high-energy behavior: Dipole sum rules and dispersion coefficients for Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe revisited. The construction of the dipole oscillator strength distribution DOSD from theoretical and experimental photoabsorption cross sections combined with constraints provided by the Kuhn-Reiche-Thomas sum rule and molar refractivity data is a well-established technique that has been successfully applied to more than 50 species.
Such DOSDs are insufficiently accurate at large photon energies. A novel iterative procedure is developed that rectifies this deficiency by using the high-energy asymptotic behavior of the dipole oscillator strength density as an additional constraint. Pilot applications are made for the neon, argon, krypton, and xenon atoms.
The resulting DOSDs improve the agreement of the predicted S2 and S1 sum rules with ab initio calculations while preserving the accuracy of the remainder of the moments. Our DOSDs exploit new and more accurate experimental data. Improved estimates of dipole properties for these four atoms and of dipole-dipole C6 and triple-dipole C9 dispersion coefficients for the interactions among them are reported.
Protein intake distribution pattern does not affect anabolic response, lean body mass, muscle strength or function over 8 weeks in older adults: In our recent acute metabolic study, we found no differences in the anabolic response to differing patterns of dietary protein intake. To confirm this in a chronic study, we investigated the effects of protein distribution pattern on functional outcomes and protein kinetics in older adults over 8 weeks.
To determine chronic effects of protein intake pattern at 1. We conclude that over an 8-week intervention period, the protein intake distribution pattern in mixed meals does not play an important role in determining anabolic response, muscle strength , or functional outcomes. This trial is registered at https: Based on the analysis of dissolved organic carbon DOC , particulate organic carbon POC and particulate nitrogen PN of the samples collected from stations in Enteromorpha prolifera outbreak area of the Western South Yellow Sea during the period August of , combining with the data of environmental hydrology, the horizontal distribution , source and influential factors of organic carbon and carbon fixed strength of phytoplankton were discussed.
The daily carbon fixed quantities of the study area were up to 2. Then the daily carbon fixed quantities of the. The primary mirror of the E-ELT is composed of hexagonal segments of about 1. Each segment can be moved in piston and tip-tilt using three position actuators. Inductive edge sensors are used to provide feedback for global reconstruction of the mirror shape. The E-ELT M 1 Local Control System will provide a deterministic infrastructure for collecting edge sensor and actuators readings and distribute the new position actuators references while at the same time providing failure detection, isolation and notification, synchronization, monitoring and configuration management.
The present paper describes the prototyping activities carried out to verify the feasibility of the E-ELT M 1 local control system communication architecture design and assess its performance and potential limitations. Aflatoxin M 1 in human breast milk in southeastern Turkey. AFM 1 was detected in 66 Aflatoxin M 1 AFM1 appears in milk as a direct result of the ingestion of food contaminated with aflatoxin B1 by cattle. The role of milk in human nutrition is well-known. A total of samples of commercial UHT whole milk were analysed.
The mean value was There was a high incidence rate of AFM1, with 75 Four of the samples exceeded the prescribed limit of US regulations. It can be concluded that AFM1 levels in the samples purchased in Central Anatolia Region, appear to be a serious public health problem at the moment. Dairy farmers must be educated by the government authorities on potential health consequences of aflatoxins.
Postural deviations resulting from strength and flexibility imbalances include swayback, scoliosis, and rounded shoulders. Screening tests are one method for identifying strength problems. Tests for the evaluation of postural problems are described, and exercises are presented for the strengthening of muscles.
High-definition transcranial direct-current stimulation of the right M 1 further facilitates left M 1 excitability during crossed facilitation. The crossed-facilitation CF effect refers to when motor-evoked potentials MEPs evoked in the relaxed muscles of one arm are facilitated by contraction of the opposite arm. Seventeen healthy right-handed subjects participated in an anodal and cathodal or sham HD-tDCS session of the right M 1 2 mA for 20 min separated by at least 48 h.
At baseline, compared with resting, CF i. Our findings suggest that CF of the left M 1 combined with right M 1 anodal or cathodal HD-tDCS further facilitated interhemispheric interactions during CF from the right M 1 contracting left arm toward the left M 1 relaxed right arm , with effects on both excitatory and inhibitory processing.
The excitability of the human primary motor cortex M 1 as tested with transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS depends on its previous history of neural activity. Homeostatic plasticity might be one important physiological mechanism for the regulation of corticospinal excitability and synaptic plasticity. Although homeostatic plasticity has been demonstrated locally within M 1 , it is not known whether priming M 1 could result in similar homeostatic effects in the homologous M 1 of the opposite hemisphere.
Here, we sought to determine whether down-regulating excitability priming in the right R M 1 with 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation rTMS changes the excitability-enhancing effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation iTBS applied over the homologous left L M 1. Subjects were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups in a sham-controlled parallel design with real or sham R M 1 1-Hz TMS stimulation always preceding L M 1 iTBS or sham by about 10 min.
The primary outcome measure was corticospinal excitability in the L M 1 , as measured by recruitment curves RCs. Secondary outcome measures included pinch force, simple reaction time, and tapping speed assessed in the right hand. The present findings are consistent with the hypothesis that homeostatic mechanisms operating across hemispheric boundaries contribute to regulate motor cortical function in the primary motor cortex.
We have used fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphism FAFLP analysis to subtype clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M 1. Established typing methods define most M 1 isolates as members of a clone that has a worldwide distribution and that is strongly associated with invasive diseases. Its discriminatory power, precision, and reproducibility were compared with those of other molecular typing methods.
Irrespective of disease symptomatology or geographic origin, the majority of the clinical M 1 isolates shared a single ribotype, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis macrorestriction profile, and emm1 gene sequence. Nonetheless, among these isolates, FAFLP analysis could differentiate 17 distinct profiles, including seven multi-isolate groups. Nanotechnology relies on collaborations across scientific disciplines such as physics, engineering, chemistry and biology.
In nanotechnology, researchers manipulate molecules on the nanometer scale for various applications, ranging from tissue engineering, nanowire synthesis, and alternative energy devices. By utilizing various biological scaffolds, namely amyloid fibrils, the work of nanometer molecular control can be achieved through the use of self-assembly systems. Here, a systematic design scheme was developed to engineer protein based amyloid fibrils and was successfully applied to the design of two, unique self-assembled monomers, SBAFP- m 1 and RGAFP- m 1 , from naturally occurring ice binding proteins found in insects and plants.
A highly idealized, in-register dimer interface was designed and experimentally synthesized and demonstrated to form micron long amyloid fibrils Chapter 2. Most notably, the ultimate tensile strength of SBAFP- m 1 fibrils was experimentally determined to be 2. Fibrils were resistant to common protein denaturants like 8M urea, 2.
SBAFP- m 1 was mutated to add a 5x cysteine tag to the N-terminus, allowing for gold nanoparticle conjugation along the fibril axis Chapter 4. The gold-conjugated fibrils were then enhanced with silver to produce nanowires. An attempt to de-stabilize the homogeneous fibril assembly through unfavorable homogeneous protein interactions was not. The fibrinogen-binding M 1 protein reduces pharyngeal cell adherence and colonization phenotypes of M 1 T1 group A Streptococcus. Group A Streptococcus GAS is a leading human pathogen producing a diverse array of infections from simple pharyngitis "strep throat" to invasive conditions, including necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome.
The surface-anchored GAS M 1 protein is a classical virulence factor that promotes phagocyte resistance and exaggerated inflammation by binding host fibrinogen Fg to form supramolecular networks. Expression of the M 1 protein reduced GAS adherence to human pharyngeal keratinocytes by 2-fold, and this difference was increased to 4-fold in the presence of Fg. In a mouse model of GAS colonization of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, M 1 protein expression was associated with an average 6-fold decreased GAS recovery in isogenic strain competition assays. Inactivation of SpeB during the shift to invasive GAS disease allows M 1 -Fg binding, increasing pathogen phagocyte resistance and proinflammatory activities.
Quaking aspen is the most widely distributed native North American tree species Little , Sargent It grows in a great diversity of regions, environments, and communities Harshberger Only one deciduous tree species in the world, the closely related Eurasian aspen Populus tremula , has a wider range Weigle and Frothingham Forkhead box M 1 Fox M 1 is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family and is overexpression in malignant gliomas.
However, the molecular mechanisms by which Fox M 1 lead to glioma carcinogenesis and progression are still not well known. In the present study, we show that Anxa1 was overexpression in gliomas and predicted the poor outcome. Furthermore, Anxa1 closely related to the Fox M 1 expression and was a direct transcriptional target of Fox M 1. Overexpression of Fox M 1 up-regulated Anxa1 expression, whereas suppression of Fox M 1 expression down-regulated Anxa1 expression in glioma cells.
Finally, Fox M 1 enhanced the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in Anxa1-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide both clinical and mechanistic evidences that Fox M 1 contributes to glioma development by directly up-regulating Anxa1 expression. Observation and modelling of main-sequence stellar chromospheres - VII. Rotation and metallicity of d M 1 stars. We have measured v sini and metallicity from high-resolution spectroscopic observations of a selected sample of d M 1 -type stars. To measure v sini, we first selected three template stars known for their slow rotation or their very low activity levels and then cross-correlated their spectra with those of our target stars.
The excess broadening of the cross-correlation peaks gives v sini. For metallicity, we compiled all available measurements from the literature and correlated them with the stellar radius. Provided the parallax is known, this new method allows us to derive metallicities for all our target stars. We measured v sini to an accuracy of 2 kms These values were combined with other measurements taken from the literature. We have detected rotation in seven d M 1 e stars and 11 d M 1 stars and upper limits for 20 other d M 1 stars. Our results show that the distribution of the rotation period may be bimodal for d M 1 stars, i.
There is a gap between these two groups. We compare this correlation to models and find a significant disagreement in radii. However, the observed shape of the correlation is globally reproduced by the models. We derive the metallicity for 87 M 1 dwarfs and subdwarfs. Based on observations collected at Observatoire de Haute Provence and the European Southern Observatory and on Hipparcos parallax measurements.
Development of a ten-signature classifier using a support vector machine integrated approach to subdivide the M 1 stage into M 1 a and M 1 b stages of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with synchronous metastases to better predict patients' survival. The aim of this study was to develop a prognostic classifier and subdivided the M 1 stage for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with synchronous metastases mNPC. Thirty hematological markers and 11 clinical characteristics were collected, and the association of these factors with overall survival OS was evaluated.
Advanced machine learning schemes of a support vector machine SVM were used to select a subset of highly informative factors and to construct a prognostic model mNPC-SVM. The mNPC-SVM classifier identified ten informative variables, including three clinical indexes and seven hematological markers. M 1 b, hazard ratio, 3. These findings were validated by a separate cohort. In conclusion, the newly developed mNPC-SVM classifier led to more precise risk definitions that offer a promising subdivision of the M 1 stage and individualized selection for future therapeutic regimens in mNPC patients.
Photoactivation yield measurements on In have been performed at the ELSA facility with Bremsstrahlung photon beams over a range of endpoint energies between 4. The measured photoexcitation yields of the Inm metastable state are compared with calculated yields using cross sections obtained with different models of the photon strength function.
It is shown that additional photon strength with respect to the general Lorentzian model is needed at 8. The origin of this extra strength is unclear, because it is compatible with additional strength predicted in both E 1 and M 1 photon strength distributions by quasiparticle random-phase approximation calculations using the Gogny D1S force. Task-specificity of unilateral anodal and dual- M 1 tDCS effects on motor learning. Task-specific effects of transcranial direct current stimulation tDCS on motor learning were investigated in 30 healthy participants.
In a sham-controlled, mixed design, participants trained on 3 different motor tasks Purdue Pegboard Test, Visuomotor Grip Force Tracking Task and Visuomotor Wrist Rotation Speed Control Task over 3 consecutive days while receiving either unilateral anodal over the right primary motor cortex M 1 , dual- M 1 or sham stimulation. Retention sessions were administered 7 and 28 days after the end of training.
In the Purdue Pegboard Test, both anodal and dual- M 1 stimulation reduced average completion time approximately equally, an improvement driven by online learning effects and maintained for about 1 week.
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The Visuomotor Grip Force Tracking Task and the Visuomotor Wrist Rotation Speed Control Task were associated with an advantage of dual- M 1 tDCS in consolidation processes both between training sessions and when testing at long-term retention; both were maintained for at least 1 month. This study demonstrates that M 1 -tDCS enhances and sustains motor learning with different electrode montages. Stimulation-induced effects emerged at different learning phases across the tasks, which strongly suggests that the influence of tDCS on motor learning is dynamic with respect to the functional recruitment of the distributed motor system at the time of stimulation.
Divergent findings regarding M 1 -tDCS effects on motor learning may partially be ascribed to task-specific consequences and the effects of offline consolidation. Since the X-ray flux was remarkably constant during this interval with only one small flare, the results we present refer to the quiescent state of the stellar corona. For the spectral line identification and atomic parameters, we used the APEC v1.
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We derive the coronal emission measure distribution and abundances from the emission lines and continuum in the Chandra data set and the emission lines observed by EUVE during similar quiescent periods. One of the functions of the cerebellum in motor learning is to predict and account for systematic changes to the body or environment. This form of adaptive learning is mediated by plastic changes occurring within the cerebellar cortex.
The strength of cerebellar-to-cerebral pathways for a given muscle may reflect aspects of cerebellum-dependent motor adaptation. These connections with motor cortex M 1 can be estimated as cerebellar inhibition CBI: Previously, we have demonstrated that changes in CBI for a given muscle representation correlate with learning a motor adaptation task with the involved limb. However, the specificity of these effects is unknown. Here, we investigated whether CBI changes in humans are somatotopy specific and how they relate to motor adaptation.
We found that learning a visuomotor rotation task with the right hand changed CBI, not only for the involved first dorsal interosseous of the right hand, but also for an uninvolved right leg muscle, the tibialis anterior, likely related to inter-effector transfer of learning. In two follow-up experiments, we investigated whether the preparation of a simple hand or leg movement would produce a somatotopy-specific modulation of CBI.
We found that CBI changes only for the effector involved in the movement. These results indicate that learning-related changes in cerebellar- M 1 connectivity reflect a somatotopy-specific interaction. Modulation of this pathway is also present in the context of interlimb transfer of learning. We found that adaptive learning with the hand affects cerebellar.
Attitude strength has been the focus of a huge volume of research in psychology and related sciences for decades. The insights offered by this literature have tremendous value for understanding attitude functioning and structure and for the effective application of the attitude concept in applied settings. This is the first Annual Review of Psychology article on the topic, and it offers a review of theory and evidence regarding one of the most researched strength -related attitude features: Personal importance is attached to an attitude when the attitude is perceived to be relevant to self-interest, social identification with reference groups or reference individuals, and values.
Attaching personal importance to an attitude causes crystallizing of attitudes via enhanced resistance to change , effortful gathering and processing of relevant information, accumulation of a large store of well-organized relevant information in long-term memory, enhanced attitude extremity and accessibility, enhanced attitude impact on the regulation of interpersonal attraction, energizing of emotional reactions, and enhanced impact of attitudes on behavioral intentions and action. Thus, important attitudes are real and consequential psychological forces, and their study offers opportunities for addressing behavioral change.
In this study, we investigated temporal variations in stress drop and b-value in the earthquake swarm that occurred at the Yamagata-Fukushima border, NE Japan, after the Tohoku-Oki earthquake. In this swarm, frictional strengths were estimated to have changed with time due to fluid diffusion.
We first estimated the source spectra for 1, earthquakes with 2. The estimated high Q-1 value, as well as the hypocenter migration, supports the presence of fluid, and its role in the generation and physical characteristics of the swarm. A survey was undertaken to determine the aflatoxin M 1 contamination of milk and some locally produced dairy products in Abeokuta and Odeda local governments of Ogun State, Nigeria. Samples of human and cow milk, yoghurt, "wara", ice cream and "nono" were collected randomly within the local governments and analysed for aflatoxin M 1 using the two-dimensional TLC.
Aflatoxin M 1 contamination in the range of 2. In particular, samples of human milk, cow milk and ice cream recorded high scores of 4. This indicates a high level contamination in the local governments since the weighted mean concentration of aflatoxin M 1 in milk for African diet is 0.
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Therefore the concentration of AFB1 in feeds which is transformed to AFM1 in milk should be reduced by good manufacturing and good storage practices. Furthermore, there is need for stringent quality control during processing and distribution of these products. Muscarinic M 1 acetylcholine receptors M 1 Rs are highly expressed in the hippocampus, and their inhibition or ablation disrupts the encoding of spatial memory. It has been hypothesized that the principal mechanism by which M 1 Rs influence spatial memory is by the regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
Here, we use a combination of recently developed, well characterized, selective M 1 R agonists and M 1 R knock-out mice to define the roles of M 1 Rs in the regulation of hippocampal neuronal and synaptic function. We confirm that M 1 R activation increases input resistance and depolarizes hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and show that this profoundly increases excitatory postsynaptic potential-spike coupling.
Consistent with a critical role for M 1 Rs in synaptic plasticity, we now show that M 1 R activation produces a robust potentiation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission onto CA1 pyramidal neurons that has all the hallmarks of long-term potentiation LTP: Thus, we describe synergistic mechanisms by which acetylcholine acting through M 1 Rs excites CA1 pyramidal neurons and induces LTP, to profoundly increase activation of CA1 pyramidal neurons.
These features are predicted to make a major contribution to the pro-cognitive effects of cholinergic transmission in rodents and humans. Behavior of 14C aflatoxin M 1 during camembert cheese making. Camembert cheeses are made from raw milk spiked with aflatoxin M 1. Three aflatoxin M 1 levels 7. A similar experiment is made with milk contaminated with 14C labeled aflatoxin M 1. The same results are obtained, except for the behavior of aflatoxin M 1 in cheese; the same 14C activity is recovered during storage for 30 days. Behavior of sup 14 C aflatoxin M 1 during camembert cheese making.
Distribution of a limited Sir2 protein pool regulates the strength of yeast rDNA silencing and is modulated by Sir4p. In this study, we elucidate a regulatory mechanism for rDNA silencing based on the finding that rDNA silencing strength directly correlates with cellular Sir2 protein levels. The endogenous level of Sir2p was shown to be limiting for rDNA silencing. Furthermore, small changes in Sir2p levels altered rDNA silencing strength. Furthermore, rDNA silencing is insensitive to SIR3 overexpression, but is severely reduced by overexpression of full-length Sir4p or a fragment of Sir4p that interacts with Sir2p.
Finally, genetic manipulations of SIR4 previously shown to promote extended life span also resulted in enhanced rDNA silencing. We propose a simple model in which telomeres act as regulators of rDNA silencing by competing for limiting amounts of Sir2 protein. Development of M 1 mAChR allosteric and bitopic ligands: Since the cholinergic hypothesis of memory dysfunction was first reported, extensive research efforts have focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which this intricate system contributes to the regulation of processes such as learning, memory, and higher executive function.
Several cholinergic therapeutic targets for the treatment of cognitive deficits, psychotic symptoms, and the underlying pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, have since emerged. A promising target for which there are presently no approved therapies is the M 1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M 1 mAChR. Despite avid investigation, development of agents that selectively activate this receptor via the orthosteric site has been hampered by the high sequence homology of the binding site between the five muscarinic receptor subtypes and the wide distribution of this receptor family in both the central nervous system CNS and the periphery.
Hence, a plethora of ligands targeting less structurally conserved allosteric sites of the M 1 mAChR have been investigated. This Review aims to explain the rationale behind allosterically targeting the M 1 mAChR, comprehensively summarize and critically evaluate the M 1 mAChR allosteric ligand literature to date, highlight the challenges inherent in allosteric ligand investigation that are impeding their clinical advancement, and discuss potential methods for resolving these issues.
Earlier work by us and others showed theory and simulations to be a persistent factor of about 2 or more lower than experiment for the growth rate when applied to a single experimental point from measurements of Kabantsev and Driscoll UCSD. Recently Shi, Chang, and Mitchell University of Delaware have measured the growth rates of the mode for a series of hollowed plasmas.
We have done drift-kinetic particle-in- cell simulations of several of these experimental equilibria and have found the simulated growth rates also to be lower than experiment. We describe numerical experiments to vary the shape of the plasma ends, to vary the velocity distribution as it might result from the hollowing procedure, and to introduce resistive energy losses from the sectored confining ring to explain the discrepancy.
Several classic cheese making of camembert are made from raw milk spiked with Aflatoxin M 1. Three Aflatoxin levels 7. In respective curds A similar experience is made with a milk contamined in Aflatoxin M 1 C14 labelled. Same results are recovered, except about behaviour of Aflatoxin M 1 in cheese: Observation and modelling of main-sequence star chromospheres - XIV.
Rotation of d M 1 stars. We have measured v sin i for a selected sample of d M 1 -type stars. We give measurements of v sin i for 88 different stars, and six upper detection limits. These are the first measurements of v sin i for most of the stars studied here. This represents the largest sample of v sin i measurements for M dwarfs at a given spectral type.
For these measurements, we used four different spectrographs: We measured v sin i down to an accuracy of 0. We show that this unprecedented accuracy for M dwarfs in our data set is possible because all the targets have the same spectral type. Although it is possible to derive the zero-point profiles using several spectral types at a time. The total sample represents detected rotation for stars 10 d M 1 e and 90 d M 1 stars. We confirm our finding of Paper VII that the distribution of the projected rotation period is bimodal for d M 1 stars with a much larger sample, i.
There are very few stars observed out of this range d. We also observe that the distribution increases slightly from 18 to 10d. Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens M 1 is a novel probiotic strain that was isolated from kefir grains. Previously, we have demonstrated the immunoregulatory, anti-allergic, anti-asthmatic and anti-colitis abilities of L. However, whether the effects of L.
A number of studies have used germ-free or gnotobiotic animals to investigate the relationship between probiotics and colitis; therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of L. Such an approach should help in determining the direct effects of L. In addition, continuous inoculation with L. Thus it would seem that L. Effects of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens M 1 isolated from kefir grains on germ-free mice.
Modulation of prepulse inhibition through both M 1 and M4 muscarinic receptors in mice. Rationale Muscarinic cholinergic M 1 and M4 receptors may participate in schizophrenia's etiology, and have been proposed as targets for antipsychotic medications. Methods We measured prepulse inhibition of startle PPI without drugs, and after treatment with scopolamine 0. Results In female but not male mice, combined deletion of both M 1 and M4 receptors decreased PPI relative to wild-type mice, while knockout of either receptor alone had no significant effect.
In contrast, pretreatment with oxotremorine increased PPI regardless of genotype. Effects of clozapine and haloperidol on PPI were not hindered by either mutation. Conclusions Deletion of both M 1 and M4 receptors can disrupt PPI, suggesting that at least partially redundant M 1 and M4 receptor-dependent functions are involved in sensorimotor gating mechanisms.
PPI-disrupting effects of muscarinic antagonists appeared dependent upon M 1 receptor blockade. Different expression of Fox M 1 in human benign and malignant pleural effusion. The aims of this study were as follows: Among all 38 samples, average Fox M 1 expression level of benign pleural effusions is Among 23 malignant samples, average Fox M 1 expression level is Differences of Fox M 1 expression level between benign pleural effusions and malignant ones have statistical significance.
There is an area of 0. According to our study, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for Fox M 1 expression level at Fox M 1 expression level in malignant pleural effusions is significantly higher than in benign ones. This study provides a new approach in clinical diagnosis, with Fox M 1 as a specific molecule marker to identify benign and malignant pleural.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M 1 and M3 subtypes mediate acetylcholine-induced endothelium-independent vasodilatation in rat mesenteric arteries. The present study investigated pharmacological characterizations of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor AChR subtypes involving ACh-induced endothelium-independent vasodilatation in rat mesenteric arteries. Changes in perfusion pressure to periarterial nerve stimulation and ACh were measured before and after the perfusion of Krebs solution containing muscarinic receptor antagonists.
Distributions of muscarinic AChR subtypes in mesenteric arteries with an intact endothelium were studied using Western blotting. The expression level of M 1 and M3 was significantly greater than that of M2.
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Endothelium removal significantly decreased expression levels of M2 and M3, but not M 1. In perfused mesenteric vascular beds with intact endothelium and active tone, exogenous ACh 1, 10, and nmol produced concentration-dependent and long-lasting vasodilatations. In endothelium-denuded preparations, relaxation to ACh 1 nmol disappeared, but ACh at 10 and nmol caused long-lasting vasodilatations, which were markedly blocked by the treatment of pirenzepine M 1 antagonist or 4-DAMP M 1 and M3 antagonist plus hexamethonium nicotinic AChR antagonist , but not methoctramine M2 and M4 antagonist.
Production and hosting by Elsevier B. Oral toxicity evaluation of kefir-isolated Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens M 1 in Sprague-Dawley rats. Lactobacilli kefiranofaciens M 1 has shown novel immunomodulation and anti-allergy probiotic attributes in cell and animal models. An acute oral toxicity assessment of L. Bills at Baltimore Ravens , Sunday, Sep. Los Angeles Chargers , Sunday, Sep. Bills at Minnesota Vikings , Sunday, Sep. Tennessee Titans , Sunday, Oct. Bills at Houston Texans , Sunday, Oct. Bills at Indianapolis Colts , Sunday, Oct. New England Patriots , Monday, Oct.
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