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It was first performed in public at the Norwich Festival, in England, on October 4, , where it achieved a most pronounced success, and has since been the most popular number in his concert list. There are circumstances which suggest the propriety of prefacing a study of its contents with a brief discussion of its title.

The term fantasia, though exceedingly venerable and once of excellent repute, has lost caste through being employed to designate showy but empty transcriptions of popular and operatic melodies for the piano-forte or violin. Paderewski does not use it in this sense, but in a most correct and dignified manner to define a composition which, while well-knit, symmetrical and logical in structure, is free from the shackles of conventional form.

In this respect his Fantasia may be said to resemble the symphonic poems and concertos of Liszt, as it does also in the intimate relationship which exists between its various melodic subjects, most of which are developed out of a single motive which is thus shown to be the basic idea of the work. In it are to be found proclamations of great pomp and pride, ebullitions of the most unconstrained merriment, tender plaints, dreamy musings and wild outpourings of passion.

No one familiar with the physiognomy and spirit of Polish music will fail to recognize the soul of Poland on every page of the work. This fact will call for discussion after the thematic contents of the work have been marshalled. Before then let it be noted that the Fantasia consists of four movements, which succeed each other without interruption, and, though sharply contrasted in style and feeling, yet have thematic material in common. If it be understood that the greatest conceivable freedom is exercised by the composer in respect of changes of tempo and tonality the general scheme of the work may be laid down as follows:.

In a general way this scheme will be found to preserve symphonic outlines, the second movement filling the place of the Scherzo and the last that of the old Rondo finale. The basic motive has a pompous proclamation in octaves by all the instruments of the orchestra at the opening of the work. It is as follows see Example Developed to its close, the second half being harmonized, the phrase gives way to a brief cadenza for the solo instrument.

Again does the orchestra give it utterance, and again it is answered by the piano-forte. The French horn, English horn, and violins in alternation now tranquilly sing a melody, which is the first exemplification of Mr. Only the beginning and end of the melody need to be quoted. The broad stride of the opening phrase is now moderated to the tranquil movement introduced by the new melody and its severity of outline clothed in harmonies by the piano-forte thus see Example If we except a subsidiary melody of a strongly marked character, whose rhythm eighth, quarter, eighth will be found infusing energy into the last subdivision, we have now seen all the material out of which the composer weaves not only his first movement, full of pomp and circumstance, but also his sweetly contemplative third movement.

The melody of this slow movement is a development of the cadence IIb. It is in the nature of a Dumka , an elegiac song, but at the outset it is already associated with the rhythm of the fundamental phrase, which filled with a new and strange feeling appears in the accompaniment, and also with the Krakowiak rhythm which is destined to dominate the concluding portion of the work. Amidst the boisterous swing of the last movement the material of the earlier portions undergoes further transformations and the peroration of the work, after an introduction again of the quasi-cadenza from the first movement, is built up on an augmentation of the melody of the Scherzo.

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It is in the second and last movements that Mr. Paderewski lifts the characteristic dances of Poland into prominence. In these movements there is none of the stateliness of the Polonaise which belongs to the court, but instead the unbridled merriment of the democratic Oberek a species of Mazurka and Krakowiak or Cracovienne.

These, again, we must call to mind not in the idealized form in which Chopin has taught us to think of the dances of Poland, but as the tonal accompaniments of wild gesticulations and furious leapings and clatterings of boot heels.

If this be done we shall find how truthfully one phase of nationalism is illustrated in the second movement which begins as follows see Example Those who desire to observe wherein the national characteristics of Mr. In both will be found the energetic, propulsive effect which comes from shifting of the dynamic effect either by syncopation or forced change of accent from the first beat to the second in a measure. Paderewski is also persistent in his use of what might be called an abbreviation of the characteristic accompanying rhythm of the Polonaise see Example The rhythmical structure of the cadence IIb is also exceedingly common in Polish music and Mr.

Paderewski has lifted it into prime importance in his work. Melodically the chief characteristics are the occasional omission of the seventh interval of our diatonic scale and the frequent use of augmented intervals, especially seconds and fourths. It is the first of these peculiarities which makes the first theme of the Fantasia sound like old Scotch music. The effect of an augmented second has its most striking exemplification in the passage for the piano-forte which follows the orchestral statement of the melody of the Dumka see Example Paderewski has placed piano-forte and band on an even plane of importance, and the orchestral dress of the Fantasia is peculiarly striking and rich in colors.

Besides the customary apparatus he employs an English horn, tuba, an extra kettle-drum he has three, tuned in C sharp, D sharp and G sharp , triangle, Glockenspiel, tambourine and harp. The introductions of a harp into a work in which the piano-forte is a solo instrument is an innovation. This most gracious nocturne, with its burden of gentle melancholy and sweet resignation, was given to the world shortly before Mr. Paderewski came to the United States for the first time.

Analytical Notes on Paderewski's Programmes () - Polish Music Center

It is quite unique among latter-day piano-forte compositions in its directness, clarity and simplicity—qualities which were essential to the publication of its most engaging charm. It rests upon a rhythmical figure consisting of two sixteenth notes and an eighth, which is repeated twice in every measure in the composition save when, as an accompaniment of the second subject which appears in the tenor voice it is modified temporarily into a sixteenth rest, sixteenth note and eighth.

It is short and highly characteristic. A superb work which wears well and will triumph in concert. Belongs in the repertoire. Excellent writing, by turns powerful, lyrical and exciting. Written in the early-mid classical style of his friend Haydn. Good solos for all. Written in the concertante style of the early classical style of the Stamitzes and Mannheim William Shield Armenian Sketches for String Quartet Original and exotic masterwork evoking the sounds and instruments of Central Asia.

Listen tor the sound-bites. Piano Trio in C Major, "Lovissa" Though an early work, it is mature, full of fine melodies and in the style of the mid Romantic movement. An excellent recital work. Violin Sonata in C Major, Op. Powerful with a thrilling finale uses a Norwegian dance tune Christian Sinding Violin Sonata in F Major, Op.

Full of lovely melodies, flourishes and fine writing. Original ideas coupled with powerful tone color. Among the very best for this combination every written. Piano Quintet in e minor, Op. Etude de Concert for String Quartet, Op. Scherzo for String Quartet, Op. String Quartet in D Major, Op.

Late post Brahmsian romantic work in Northern Italian idiom. A short but first-rate romantic trio deserving of performance. Cello Sonata in A Major, Op. Either makes a fine encore, together a nice recital piece. Each of these works is a gem. Can be played together in place of a sonata or alone as encores. Good in all combinations. Very appealing, great in performance. Quartet for Strings A hard driving, exciting modern American work which deserves performance in the concert hall.

Dame Ethel Smyth Cello Sonata in a minor, Op. It belongs in the standard repertoire. Great writing, appealing melodies, a fine choice for romantic era choice for concert Johann Sobeck A good concert choice. Piano Quartet in e minor A beautiful and effective work from one of Sweden's leading romantic era composers. String Trio in d minor, Op. Well written with pleasant melodies. Ingratiating melodies, fine part-writing and fun to play. Belongs in the concert hall but great for amateurs Nikolai Sokolov Serenade for String Quintet 2Vla , Op. Belaiev using the B-La-F motif as a theme.

A valuable repertoire addition Susan Spain-Dunk Phantasy for String Quartet in d minor Powerful and well written first rate work which absolutely deserves performance in the concert hall. String Quartet in g minor, Op. Appealing melodies and good part writing. Easy to play with good part writing Fritz Spindler It will certainly make a strong impression in the concert hall.

Excellent part writing, original ideas, and tuneful melodies. Appealing melodies Louis Spohr Was in the repertoire for many years. Tuneful with good part-writing. Typical Spohr with appealing melodies and good part writing. A graceful, charming work written in a quasi neo-classical style. Good part writing for all. Full of lovely melodies. String Sextet in C Major, Op. Attractive melodies and good part writing.

Excellent substitute for Mendelssohn Octet in concert. William Henry Squire Gavotte Humoristique for Cello and Piano, Op. The cellist must know his or her cello and his or her strings William Henry Squire D anse Rustique for Cello and Piano, Op. Tarantella for Cello and Piano, Op. Often used in recitals and solo competitions.

This is the Squire's attractive modern take. Humoresque for Cello and Piano, Op. Piano Quartet in A Major, Op. Viola Sonata in B flat Major One of the very best works from the classical era. Could easily pass for a sonata by Mozart. A fine early Mozartean work. Piano Trio in D Major Hailed as a musical genius by his teachers, the trio combines Russian folkloric elements with tinges of modernism. Charles Villiers Stanford The clarinet version anticipates Brahms by more than a decade!

Fine part-writing and satisfying melodies Charles Villiers Stanford Piano Quintet in d minor, Op. Wonderful melodies and superb part-writing. String Quintet in F Major, Op. A fine addition to the repertoire Roman Statkowski Alla Cracovienne for Violin and Piano, Op.


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Mazurka in F Major, Op. Lively and engaging, this is a clever encore piece. Violin Sonata in a minor, Op. They can be played together or separately. The first of his towering set of six quartets. Allegro Brillante for Piano Quartet in E flat Major Intended by the composer for concert performance this is a warm and engaging work with excellent part writing. William Grant Still Danzas de Panama for String Quartet or Quintet A collection of Panamanian dances expertly put together to a superb concert work and audience pleaser.

Among the very best of their type. Fresh and original with gentle modern tendencies. Belongs in the recital hall. Unusual and original in conception. An outstanding modern work. Should be performed Eduard Strauss Here is a work which needs no further description. Egyptian March for Wind Quintet Written to commerate the opening of the Suez Canal and used in a comedy as a processional of Egyptian warriors. All of the tunes from one of the World's most beloved operas. This superb set of waltzes is justly famous and well-beloved. Called the twin of the Blue Danube, here is another set of superb waltzes.

Named after the elegant Viennese upper class ladies, Johann Strauss, Jr.

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Lively, high-spirited, this polka is fun to play and makes a brilliant encore. Once of Strauss' most charming set of waltzes. One of his best larger waltz compositions. Perpetuum Mobile for String Quartet Strauss' own musical joke. A virtuosic piece which is sure to please audiences. One of Strauss' best loved waltzes, known the world over Johann Strauss, Jr.

A perky polka which was written to cheer up the Viennese after a cholera epidemic Johann Strauss, Jr. One of the most famous polkas in 4 different arrangements: Among the most beloved and famous set of waltzes Strauss ever wrote. One of the most famous set of waltzes Strauss ever wrote. Another beloved and famous set of waltzes. Also versions with clarinet and flute Johann Strauss, Sr.

A lovely series of waltzes from the orignal Waltz King of Vienna. The galopp is the fastest of Viennese dances. Evokes old Vienna Johann Strauss, Sr. This one's a real mover. Perfect for New Year's, Weddings or any time music of celebration is called for. Celebrating the railroad craze of taking day trips for picnics and pleasure outings. A rousing, kick up your heels dance, with the traditional Viennese touch.

Another set of lovely series of waltzes from the orignal Waltz King of Vienna. A very attractive Viennese fast dance which gained great popularity. Another very typical and beloved set of Viennese dances from the 's. A kick up your heels, toe-tapping work that makes an excellent encore. One of the earliest and most beloved of Strauss Sr's wonderful waltz sets.

Probably the most famous piece he ever wrote. Played throughout the world. He wrote it to commorate his long tour of Germany by stagecoach. Light and elegant and full of Viennese charm. A charming Viennese polka named after the famous Sperl Dance Hall.

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This lovely "Little Doves Waltzes" shows why he was to become so famous. One of the most famous and beloved set of waltzes that Senior wrote. A wonderful set of sentimental Waltzes conjuring up Old Vienna. It means in flight or on the wing and is real traveling music. This peppy polka for years was as popular as Johann Jr's best known works. Violin Sonata in E flat Major, Op. String Quartet in A Major, Op.

Influenced by Mendelssohn, yet with many original and fresh twists and melodies. Piano Quartet in c minor, Op. Based on a famous Viennese nostalgic song of Old Vienna. A prominent composer of Schrammelmusik. A lively polka, fun to play and hear. Piano Trio in c minor, Op. Elegy for Piano Trio, Op. Piano Quartet in a minor, Op.

Piano Quintet in g minor, Op. Four part harmony with free development. Sir Arthur Sullivan Romance for String Quartet A short, charming early work from Sullivan's Leipzig days, has the flavor and grace of a Mendelssohn intermezzo. Duo Concertante for Cello and Piano, Op. Beautiful melodies takes excellent advantage of the cello. A wonderful arrangement of this ever popular audience pleasing overture. Bold and highly original. Highly praised by critics and strongly recommended for concert performance Johan Svendsen String Quartet in a minor, Op.

String Octet in A Major, Op. Should not be missed by either amateur or professional. Piano Trio in a minor, Op. A must for concert. A good program choice for this small repertoire Rosario Scalero Violin Sonata in d minor, Op. Philipp Scharwenka Violin Sonata in b minor, Op. Philipp Scharwenka Viola Sonata in g minor, Op.

Philipp Scharwenka Cello Sonata in g minor, Op. Philipp Scharwenka String Quartet No. Xaver Scharwenka Cello Sonata in e minor, Op. Xaver Scharwenka Piano Trio No. Paul Scheinpflug String Quartet in c minor, Op. Max von Schillings String Quartet in e minor A first rate, late romantic work with tinges of Hugo Wolf. Franz Schmidt String Quartet No. Othmar Schoeck String Quartet No. Johann Schrammel Wie der Schnabel g'wachsen ist Waltzes for String Quartet It means not only do the words speak, but also the music.

Franz Schubert String Quartet No. Franz Schubert Quartetsatz in c minor, D. Clara Schumann Piano Trio in g minor, Op. Georg Schumann Cello Sonata in e minor, Op. Georg Schumann Piano Trio No. Bernhard Sekles Capriccio for Piano Trio Combines elements of polytonality with traditional tonality with a superb set of variations on Yankee Doodle. Joseph Servais String Qurtet in C Major Composed by the cellist of the famous Hubay String Quartet, this lovely work features fine part writing and almost plays itself.. Giovanni Sgambati Piano Quintet No. Vissarion Shebalin String Quartet No. Percy Sherwood Cello Sonata No.

William Shield String Trio No. William Shield 3 String Trios Nos. Jean Sibelius Piano Trio in C Major, "Lovissa" Though an early work, it is mature, full of fine melodies and in the style of the mid Romantic movement. Christian Sinding Piano Trio No. Christian Sinding Serenade No. Christian Sinding Piano Quintet in e minor, Op. Hans Sitt Piano Trio No. Julia Smith Quartet for Strings A hard driving, exciting modern American work which deserves performance in the concert hall.

Johann Sobeck Wind Quintet No. Great writing, appealing melodies, a fine choice for romantic era choice for concert Johann Sobeck Wind Quintet No. Nikolai Sokolov String Trio in d minor, Op. Nikolai Sokolov String Quartet No. A valuable repertoire addition Susan Spain-Dunk Phantasy for String Quartet in d minor Powerful and well written first rate work which absolutely deserves performance in the concert hall.

Johannes Spech String Quartet in g minor, Op. Louis Spohr Piano Trio No. Louis Spohr String Quartet No. Louis Spohr String Quintet No. Louis Spohr Double Quartet No. Alexei Stanchinsky Piano Trio in D Major Hailed as a musical genius by his teachers, the trio combines Russian folkloric elements with tinges of modernism.

Maximilian Steinberg String Quartet No. Wilhelm Stenhammar String Quartet No. William Grant Still Danzas de Panama for String Quartet or Quintet A collection of Panamanian dances expertly put together to a superb concert work and audience pleaser. Zygmunt Stojowski Violin Sonata No. Ewald Straesser String Quartet No.

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Eduard Strauss Bahn frei! Sir Arthur Sullivan Romance for String Quartet A short, charming early work from Sullivan's Leipzig days, has the flavor and grace of a Mendelssohn intermezzo. Hermann Suter String Quartet No. Highly praised by critics and strongly recommended for concert performance Johan Svendsen String Quartet in a minor, Op. Georgy Sviridov Piano Trio in a minor, Op.

Extraordinarily powerful and full of the angst of pre-revolution Russia, combines romanticism with Russian futurism. Hailed as a masterwork upon its premiere. One of his last works. A fresh, gay, and boisterous work of originality. Considered by many to be the finest French piano trio of the 19th century. An unqualified masterwork which can stand with the best of this genre. A youthful, energetic work full or originality and unusual sonic touches which make it a very attractive piece. A lovely calm and serene work with a hauntingly memorable melody.

Three wonderfully contrasting character pieces compose this charming suite. An amazing work for an 85 year old. Once compared to Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata because of its brilliance. The finale could serve alone as an encore. This is one of the finest sonatas from the late French Romantic era. A beautiful work with excellent part writing. A good program choice for this small repertoire. Rosario Scalero Violin Sonata in d minor, Op. A big, powerful, dramatic later romantic work of the first order. An unqualified late romantic masterwork. One of the very best viola sonatas from the late romantic movement.

First rate late romantic gem. A good choice for the recital hall. Philipp Scharwenka Piano Trio No. One of the very best works for this under served combination. Good for concert or home. Philipp Scharwenka Piano Quintet in b minor, Op. A superb, absolutely first rate late Romantic masterwork. Very fine, first rate, rich late romantic work. Another first rate, late romantic quartet. A rich, full-blooded romantic work, very well written for the cello. Acclaimed from the day it was published, an instant success in the concert hall.

Hard to believe that a superb work such as this fell into oblivion.

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A powerful and dramatic masterwork of the romantic literature. Few quartets are superior to this late romantic masterwork in emotional intensity and sense of climax. Max von Schillings String Quartet in e minor A first rate, late romantic work with tinges of Hugo Wolf. A post romantic early modern work, still tonal, dramatic and powerful.

Called the Dutch Brahms by Brahms' owner biographer, a fine late-romantic work which belongs in the recital hall. A historically important transitional work between the trio sonata and modern piano trio. Widely considered the equal of C. Another historically important transitional work which was to lead to the modern piano quartet. An engaging neo-classical quartet with Mozartian tendencies, by turns lyrical and playful with surprises. Schoenberg's most well-known work from his tonal period. Schrammel and his music are as Viennese as the Strauss waltzes!

Schrammel and his music, known as Schrammelmusik came to be regarded as Viennese as the Strauss waltzes! Part of our Vienna Dance Series. It means not only do the words speak, but also the music. Probably the most famous march to ever come out of Vienna. Part of our Vienna Dance Series, this lively piece is a tribute to Vienna's horse drawn carriage drivers, famous throughout Vienna. This lively march was dedicated to a famous mens club whose motto was In Arte Voluptas.

A rather amazing work for a 15 year old. Here, Schubert uses a Haydnesque technique of taking a fragment and developing it into a full blown theme. Shows advance over first two with really good writing for both viola and cello. Schubert opens this quartet much like Mozart did his "Dissonant" with a slow ominous intro but follows it up with a stormy main section. Conceived on a massive scale, here Schubert experiments with tone clusters and layered tone to create an extraordinary orchestral effect. The longest of the Early Quartets, Schubert continues his experiments in sound effects while at the same time creating lovely melodies.

Originally for string quartet, unfortunately they are most often heard played by orchestras whence they lose their charm and character. Not the famous one, but the dramatic first movement of a quartet the rest of which was lost. We offer this famous quintet in the standard version as well as a superb version for cello and BASS. This is one of the very best string octets written from the Romantic era.

A fine mid Romantic work in the tradition of Mendelssohn.