The standard speed-dating procedure requires participants to go on multiple brief dates that normally range between 3 to 9 minutes in length. It is after the pre-determined amount of time has passed generally 3 to 9 minutes per date that the event organizer rings a bell which cues participants to rotate to their next potential mate. It is at the end of the evening that speed-dating participants then identify which participants if any they desire to see again in the future. The rationale for using a speed-dating methodology is also discussion worthy. One reason for using this methodology is because it provides an efficient means for assessing individual perceptions.
As Finkel, Eastwick, and Matthews suggest:. Speed-dating provides a promising methodological paradigm for studying initial romantic attraction and early relationship development because it enables investigators to assess a large battery of background information about individuals before they meet one another, to introduce them to one another in a controlled laboratory setting the speed-dating event , and to follow them after the laboratory session to examine relationship dynamics over the ensuing days, weeks, and beyond.
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Indeed, speed-dating was appropriate for the current research because it offered an effective method for manipulating the variables of interest and comparing pre-test versus post-test effects. In sum, speed-dating nicely aligned with the thesis, variables, and goals of the present research.
The rationale for the current research was two-fold. The first rationale for this study was to learn more about the theoretical underpinnings of attraction within the arena of interpersonal communication. A second rationale for this study was to explore potential gender differences. One of the central findings than can be uncovered via examining a single social interaction in a dating context is whether female or male perceptions are more affected by three minutes of conversation.
This type of analysis could yield insight on what females or males might wish to say or not say in order to appear more physically attractive. Thus, the present research can produce both theoretical and practical insight. The central purpose of this study was to determine if a single communication could positively or negatively impact initial opinions of physical attractiveness. Two separate conditions were created to accomplish this objective and to systematically test the physical attraction dependent variable.
More specifically, this study featured a positive communication condition and a negative communication condition.
Each condition was comprised of verbal and nonverbal elements. This study conceptualized a single communication event as being comprised of verbal comments, vocal tonality, and nonverbal communication. Study confederates were employed for this investigation in order to test whether positive and negative communication had an impact on perceptions.
One of the central conclusions that can be drawn based on previous research is that a positive stimulus and a negative stimulus will frequently interact in terms of their influence on attraction. However, no studies were found to assess whether perceptions of physical attractiveness were affected by a single positive chat in a dating context.
Moreover, no studies have assessed whether perceptions of physical attractiveness were affected by a single negative chat in a dating context. Thus, it is based on the interactions of previous research and the gaps in the extant literature that the following hypotheses are being put forth:. Participants who are exposed to a single positive communication will evaluate the physical attractiveness of a dating partner differently from pre-test to post-test than participants who are exposed to single negative communication.
Participants will rate the physical attractiveness of a dating partner significantly higher after positive communication occurs during a single social interaction. Participants will rate the physical attractiveness of a dating partner significantly lower after negative communication occurs during a single social interaction. Previous courtship literature has revealed that some gender differences exist between women and men with regard to the significance of physical attractiveness.
In fact, the vast majority of extant literature has provided support for the findings of Finkel and Eastwick who concluded that males are more concerned with securing a physically attractive mate while females favor potential romantic partners who have increased earnings potential. However, a dating study by Asendorpf, Penke, and Back suggested that women and men had an equal proclivity for desiring a physically attractive potential mate.
Similar findings were observed by Luo and Zhang who reported that physical attractiveness was the strongest predictor of romantic liking for both women and men. Taken together, it appears that males place a greater emphasis on physical attractiveness relative to females. At the same time, it is conceivable that a new era of female daters are placing greater value on the centrality of attraction in burgeoning romantic relationships. Even though some gender differences may exist with regard to the role of attraction in casual dating, limited amounts of courtship literature have investigated the volatility of attractiveness in the eyes of women relative to men.
Therefore, the following research question was proposed:. What effect will participant gender have on perceptions of physical attractiveness from pre-test to post-test after a single positive or a single negative communication occurs within a dating environment? The participants in this study were undergraduate students 53 women, 51 men at a large southeastern university in the United States. The mean age for participants was The majority of the sample was Caucasian The average number of study participants at any one given speed-dating session was Study participants were randomly assigned to either the positive or negative condition to help control for age and gender differences.
Participants were recruited via the student newspaper, campus advertisements, classroom visits, and an information booth located on campus. The present study used a modified version of the physical attraction scale of McCroskey and McCain in order to analyze the dependent variable of physical attractiveness. The 7-item instrument was used to assess pre-test perceptions of physical attractiveness and post-test perceptions of physical attractiveness.
The scale was comprised of items that measured perceptions of 1 handsomeness prettiness , 2 sexy looking, 3 very attractive physically, 4 wears neat clothes, and the like. As such, a reliable instrument was utilized. The procedures for this study involved nine separate activities. The first procedural aspect of this study was the creation of two separate conditions.
Specifically, a positive communication condition and a negative communication condition were designed for this investigation. The positive communication condition involved a flirtatious tonality, complimentary verbal comments, and playful nonverbal behaviors. The negative communication condition involved a condescending tonality, standoffish verbal comments, and low immediacy nonverbal behaviors.
The aforementioned vocal elements, content, and nonverbal behaviors were incorporated into this study because of their prevalence in the communication based literature devoted to interpersonal attraction. The second procedural aspect of this investigation was training for study confederates. It was during training that two confederates were given precise instructions regarding tonality, verbal comments, and nonverbal communication.
For example, one positive nonverbal communication that confederates were trained to execute during their positive condition speed-dates was to smile persistently. A complimentary verbal comment that confederates were trained to say during their positive communication speed-dates was: How are you single? One standoffish verbal comment that confederates were trained to execute during their negative condition speed-dates was: The third procedural aspect of this study involved greeting, seating, and numbering both participants and confederates as they arrived at the on-campus speed-dating event.
It was upon arrival at the event that females were seated in the speed-dating room. It was at the same time that males were being seated in an adjacent waiting room area. Female and male participants were then assigned a random dating number based on their time of arrival. The fourth procedure for this study involved taking digital photographs of study participants and confederates.
A Polaroid digital camera was used to take full body pictures of participants from a distance of three feet away. It was approximately ten minutes before speed-dating began that the photographs of the female confederates and other female participants were uploaded to a large computer monitor in the male waiting room area. Likewise, the photographs of the male confederates and the male participants were uploaded to a large computer monitor in the female waiting area.
It is noteworthy to mention here that the female and male confederates engaged in the exact same process e.
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This precaution was taken as a means to ensure that study participants would not become cognizant of the presence of study confederates. The fifth procedure for this study had participants evaluate their pre-test perceptions of opposite sex confederates and participants. This was the pre-test administration for this study.
Large computer monitors were separately used in each room to separately unveil the photographs of opposite sex confederates and participants. Each photograph was individually displayed on the computer monitor one at a time. It was once the individual photograph was displayed in full view that participants were instructed to indicate their attractiveness perceptions of the opposite sex person in the photograph.
Participants were told to examine the photograph after completing each item on their physical attractiveness scale. The photographs of the male and female confederates were always included in the unveiled mix in a random order. The other photograph assessments besides those of the confederates were merely distracters. The sixth procedure for this study involved facilitating the speed-dating interactions. Each individual speed-date lasted for a period of three minutes. It was during the actual three minute speed-dates that study confederates executed the manipulation.
It was after each three minute speed-dating interval that the lights in the room were dimmed and the male participants were verbally instructed to rotate to their next individual female speed-date. This process continued until all of the male and female participants had a chance to socially interact with the study confederates. The males were then escorted into a separate room away from the females when speed-dating was completed. The seventh procedure for this study had participants evaluate their post-test perceptions of opposite sex confederates and participants.
This was the post-test administration for this study. The same large computer monitors were separately used in each room to separately unveil the photographs of opposite sex confederates and participants. Each photograph was once again individually displayed on the computer monitor one at a time.
It was once the individual photograph was displayed in full view that participants were again instructed to indicate their perceptions of the opposite sex person in the photograph. Participants were again told to examine the photograph after completing each individual item on their physical attractiveness scale. The photographs of the male and female confederates were again included in the unveiled mix in a random order.
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The other assessments besides those of the confederates were merely distracters. It was after the post-test assessment that participants were debriefed about the study and subsequently dismissed. The eighth procedure of this study was a power analysis. The power to detect main effects and interactions was 0. Thus, a satisfactory level of participants were utilized. The final procedure that should be noted in this study was a manipulation check. A group of 22 independent observers unobtrusively viewed the confederates enacting both the positive communication condition and the negative communication condition.
Each encounter with anybody new — regardless of where the initial meeting transpires — is, at least in part, a game of unknowns. Executing an appropriate and non-hyperbolic level of caution is necessary in every situation where your heart — and genitals — might be vulnerable. Perhaps the conversation is best expanded beyond dating to examine how technology has changed every aspect of our lives and interactions, not just those related to seeking love and sex. Dr Lauren Rosewarne is an author of nine books and is featured on Picking Up STEAM - a new podcast produced by the Faculty of Arts which looks at the human consequences of the weird, the wonderful and the ugly advances in STEM, through the eyes of the arts, humanities and social sciences.
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