He described three kinds of social systems 1: The continental-European, conservative type including France, Germany and Austria and 3. Politik - Politische Systeme - Allgemeines und Vergleiche. Politics - International Politics - Topic: Politics - Political Systems - General and Comparisons.

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Psychology - Forensic Psychology, Penal System. American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography. Politics - International Politics - Region: Politik - Internationale Politik - Allgemeines und Theorien. Politik - Internationale Politik - Thema: Law - Criminal process, Criminology, Law Enforcement.

Sociology - Work, Profession, Education, Organisation. English - Discussion and Essays. GRIN Publishing, located in Munich, Germany, has specialized since its foundation in in the publication of academic ebooks and books. The publishing website GRIN. Free Publication of your term paper, essay, interpretation, bachelor's thesis, master's thesis, dissertation or textbook - upload now! Register or log in. Our newsletter keeps you up to date with all new papers in your subjects.

Request a new password via email. Norway a Historical development of the Norwegian social system b The situation for unemployed persons 4. Germany a Historical development of the German social system b The situation for unemployed persons 5. Introduction Even in a time as we experience now, where a lot of companies becoming bankrupt, it is more important than ever, to have a look on those people who are directly affected by the economic crisis. In the following I will describe these three main types roughly. Etude de cas sociolinguistique et ethnographique de quatre familles Unemployment Theories and Unemployment in Europe.

Employment and Unemployment Issues in Algeria. The social security system of Germany and Sweden in the area of une Unemployment and Poverty in Brazil. Unemployment of low-skill workers in Germany - Would an earned inco Labour Market Reform in Germany and Sweden.

Chrysalis takes advantage of its special capacities. Firstly, it runs and coordinates a plethora of charitable institutions including assessment and job training; therefore Chrysalis is able to rely on a motivated and work-ready labor force. Secondly, Chrysalis profits from its local knowledge while offering its street-cleaning services on Skid Row in Downtown LA.


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What was done before in a military style — removing the homeless with violent police squads some years ago Sambale — can be achieved less aggressively and more effectively today through StreetWorks. Their local knowledge, their closeness to the clients, their experience, and their innovative skills seem to predestine them to bring the new activating programs to the urban poor.

Nonprofits are given priority here because they are more familiar with the particular local constellations of needs and development potentials, and because they are presumably based on solidarity and empowerment rather than on coordination through market or bureaucracy. Thus they appear as best-suited agents for implementing the strategies of local orientation and non-market coordination, and thereby to improve cooperation between state, capital, workforces, and residents in the local Standort.

In other words, their characteristics seem to equip them to address the kind of market failure and state failure that are endemic to neoliberalism.

AMERICAN talks to GERMAN about the differences between AMERICA and GERMANY

It is under the conditions of the current labor market reorientation and welfare policies that devaluation and ambivalent instrumentalization of these socially integrative capacities takes place. It is for this reason that the philosophy and practice of state-subsidized programs in both countries summarize such socially integrative projects and programs as programs heading for maintenance or regeneration of employability and job training readiness. Of distinct importance in doing so are those nonprofits that are able to tackle the specific needs of ethnic groups or communities.

The Pacific Asian Consortium in Employment , for example, offers its social services and employment programs in ten different Asian languages. Beside this, lone parents mainly single mothers are one of the main target groups within social work and employment related programs.


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Out of this group a wide range of people needs parallel socio-pedagogic or psychological support while participating in the programs. While this orientation has been supported by and financed through the employment offices and the Berlin Senate since the mid s, the situation has changed, and today a wide range of this kind of work has to be carried out with less money and shrinking personnel.

It is under such circumstances that, given the current labor market, nonprofits and the local administrations agree on the fact that, for most of the victims of the economic restructuring process in Berlin, work re integration into the regular labor market will be the exception rather than the rule bag Arbeit Gang activities and high incarceration rates can be seen as paradigmatic for Los Angeles while in Berlin high unemployment rates of migrant youth and a growing rate of school dropouts would seem to anticipate a similar development, especially given the tremendous cutback of social integrative infrastructure like youth centers, crisis intervention centers and family support services.

The starting point of many employment programs in Berlin in the early s was, for example, pedagogically advised youth groups sharing apartments as a means of therapy.

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There are long waiting lists for programs combining gratis job training, assistance in career planning, access to medical treatment and very popular tattoo removal. It has to be seen as one of the merits of such organizations that many of them continued to offer programs and structures for such groups to enable them to cope and sustain their individual and collective everyday life even under conditions of growing exclusion and neoliberal restructuring.

Secondly, more and more recipients of unemployment or welfare benefits with extensive barriers to work are integrated into the workfare system which automatically leads to new processes of selection and exclusion as those who cannot follow the new paradigm for whatever reason will be sorted out — and lose their benefits. Thirdly, while nonprofits are forced to deliver their services in a more market-oriented way aiming at making them more easily measurable in quantitative terms the new work re integration programs tend to lead to a unification and, thus, to an inadequate simplifying of the previously complex programs.

Organisationen zwischen Staat und Markt im gesellschaftlichen Wandel , Berlin: From Welfare to Work. SV Sozialwissenschaftlicher Verlag, a, in print.

Nonprofit Organizations, Employment Programmes and Workfare: Experiences from the US and Germany

Nonprofit Human Service Sector: Confronting poverty in the wake of welfare reform , Eugene: University of Oregon Press, , Workfare in international perspective , Bristol: The Polity Press, Nonprofits and the workfare state in Berlin and Los Angeles , Berlin: University of Minnesota, Why social policy ideas go bad , Toronto: University of Toronto, Mehr Markt — weniger Staat?

Chancen und Restriktionen einer aktiven Arbeitsmarkt- und Strukturpolitik , Berlin: Bookings Institution, , There are plans by the current federal government to give up the draft as well civilian community service. According to the National Employment Agency, there were 5, job openings in the city for , people registered as unemployed in Jahr-Weidauer The revenues generated by these district-specific taxes are reserved to fund services and improvements within the district and to pay for the administrative costs of BID operations. See Economic Roundtable ed. Kennedy Institute, Department of Politics, Germany.

They have written many articles and studies on the notions of Welfare more particularly in Germany and the United States.