But, God be praised, we lost nothing in this storm, only our dog-vanes, which were blown to pieces. But I have seen the wonders of God in the sea, for I saw large ships rocking between mountains of water like little yawls, and when the waves beat against the ship it creaked so that I thought every joint would break. But, God be praised, for He held the ship together and made it strong. The storm began to abate a little in the night, so that we could shake out reefs and get under way at lo o'clock on the 14th.
We sailed northward to find the fleet, and at seven o'clock we went about and sailed SSW. We were then ten ships. We did not see the other three. The same wind continued, but was very mild. We hove to and waited for the other ships. The wind increased, so that we had to shorten sail in the afternoon and heave to.
In the night there was another severe storm, in which the ship pitched terribly. One wave broke over the quarter deck, swept the whole deck, and dashed against the gallery so hard that we thought the ship was going to break to pieces. The salt water came in through the gallery and spark- led on the floor like fire. Andrew Rudman 13 lay down to sleep, in Jesus' name, and slept all night, except when the ship struck heavily against the waves; then I would awake, a little frightened, and breathe a prayer, after which I would go to sleep again.
The wind went down a little, and we were able to get under way. The weather was calm. Later a breeze sprang up, and we were able to keep our course, W. I had my arm lanced, on account of a fever and burning in the head. The blood looked healthy, nor could we no- tice any excessive heat in it, God be praised.
Monatsdigest
May God grant that this lancing may benefit me. Belthasar Emrich, the doctor on the ship, did the lancing. He is a Swede, bom in Stockholm. The same day the bosons caught a very large turtle, a strange looking fish, having four feet like fins and a head like that of a parrot. It was large and round, like ''finnbuUa;" the shell was hard as iron.
The weather was perfectly calm ; just before noon it rained a little. Towards evening a gentle breeze sprang up from the east, at which we rejoiced. The sky looked as if we would have a steady strong wind. Our hopes were high, but in the night the wind shifted to the SW. It rained, and when the clouds came it blew terribly.
The wind went down a little, so that we could carry the lower sails. In this way we went straining against the wind, but were able to keep our course. In the morning we had a fine ENE. May God grant that it may be steady. But it did not last longer than that day.
Then we got a west wind, against which we had to tack ; it continued the rest of April 14 Diary of Rev. We got a tolerable wind, and were able to keep our course ; but towards evening it shifted to the west again. This wind continued on the 2d, which was the fourth Sunday after Easter. We saw sdmie huge fishes, whales. Sometimes they would show their tails, which were two or three yards broad, above the water.
We had a north wind, and sailed westward. We sailed a good distance in this wind. Towards noon we had hard weather, with light- ning, thunder and rain. Just after noon the weather became fine, and a breeze sprang up from the south. The squall we had was from SW. Three of our masts broke, the mizzen mast, the main mast and the top mast We quickly raised and adjusted other masts in their places on the 8th and 9th.
May 7 and 8. The same wind continued. On the 9th, which was Ember-Day, the wind shifted to NW. We were accordingly farther to the south than we ought to be ; there- fore, we changed our course more to the west According to our reckoning, we were about miles from land. The sky was clear and the weather beautiful. This continued on the 12th, when there was a dead calm. We had a SSE. In the afternoon it began to clear up, and the wind shifted to SSW.
We also saw land birds. From these things, aside of Rev. Andrew Rudnum 15 from our redconings, we judged that we were not far from land. But later we found out that we were farther than we thought. Sometimes we had good breezes, but still we were so far from land that we could not get soundings. This false reckoning they attributed to the difficulty of allowing for the ocean current, and to the fact that we had often waited for the other ships. Which was the sixth Sunday after Easter, we had another little breeze, but it died down on the 17th.
We had fine summer weather all the time; sometimes we had a good breeze, but it was soon followed by beautiful calm weather. This kind of weather prevailed almost the whole month, but the wind was contrary most of the time, either from the west or south. The night before Pentecost, there was a great deal of thunder and lightning. The thunder was not so loud as I have often heard it in Sweden, but the lightning was terrible.
The wind was NW. We then saw a water-spout. It drew the water up out of the sea into the sky. The boatswain said that it was a small one compared to one he had seen between the Canary Islands and Spain. If the water- spout breaks and falls it will crush the ship. After this we had calm, quiet weather. We fell in with two other ships. They were from Ireland. The second one came to us on the 28th, and informed us that according to their reckoning, they had still 80 leagues to go.
We met a little ship called a brigantine, from Vir- ginia, boimd for England They informed us that they had sailed from there on the 2Sth, and that they now reckonned 50 leagues from land God be praised for this good news. Bordley shot an albacore, but we did not get it because of the speed of the ship. There was such a dearth of tobacco on the ship that they scraped the bark from the hoops of barrels and smoked it.
They also smoked the stems of raisins. They gave two biscuits, with pork and meat, for a pipe of tobacco. But when the brigantine came, everybody got tobacco enough. A gentle breeze came up from the east, which continued on the 28th and began to increase a little on the 30th. At 12 o'clock P. We were then very glad. We sighted land at Island.
God be praised that we at last have come so near ; but because the wind was SSE. We came towards land again, but did not come any nearer catching our prey than before; but we were a little farther to the south. We approached the cape again. In the afternoon a fine breeze sprang up, and we heaved anchor ; we had dropped it a little during the ebb of the tide. We approached land and came, God be praised, to the James River. Therefore, it is so much more incumbent upon us to give very humble thanks to God, who so conveniently brought us in.
Ever- lasting glory be to God alone! The next day we went ashore. Going up into the woods, we found a beautiful sycamore, under which we fell upon our knees and praised God for his protection and prayed for further help and support. We re- mained ashore over night, and went aboard the next day. The soil was sandy, a little mixed with mold, and very fertile. We saw oaks, sycamores, ash trees, bird cherries, walnut trees and mulberry trees. The mulberries were good. I saw some squir- rels, a large ugly snake, beautiful song birds, swallows the swal- lows are more grayish and have a coarser voice than those in Sweden , jays, thrushes, jackdaws, small birds, etc.
I recognized some species of grass as hieracium, pseudocamedrys, veronica, etc. But I saw many kinds of grasses that I have never seen be- fore, concerning which, God willing, I shall learn more in the future. I was ashore on the other side while the Captain was at the court or council which the Governor held concerning the ships and their freighting in the Tanna river, where the fort is.
The weather was fine. There we ate a lot of mulberries, which agreed with us all except that they acted as a laxative. Some of the people living here said that they give them the cholera morbus if they eat too much of them. We left the river James because our Captain found out that we could get no cargo there, and directed our course up the bay to Maryland.
We did not get far that day. During the night a strong storm arose, NE. Towards evening the wind went down and on the i6th, about noon, when the tide came in, we proceeded a little with the wind E. This is the last entry of the diary. Andrew Rudtnan Other Documents in the Diary. As the Reverend Mr. Andrew Georanson" hath resided for some thne past near the city of Philadelphia, it hath been my for- tune to be some time in his company, and so far as I have known, or heard, his conduct and behavior have been regular and laudable.
Philadelirfiia, April 28, Georanson who hath resided in Philadel- phia ever since tfie year brought letters of recommendation to me from the honorable Thomas Penn, Esq. As he has now a design of returning to Sweden, I do hereby certify that his conduct during his Residence here hath been exemplary and becoming his Profession, so far as hath come to my knowl- edge. Philadelphia, April 28th, Andrew Georanson was sent over from Sweden in ; became rector of Wicaco church in ; officiated until the close of I returned home in ; died in — Clay, Annals of the Swedes on the Delaware.
He died in Philadelphia Feb. Der Philosoph im Hinterwalde. Die Farmen mit ihren schmucken Hausern und Wirth- schaftsgebauden, welche die Reisenden vom Eisenbahnzuge aus, in den mittieren und westlichen Staaten Amerikas erblicken, sind grosstenteils tiber das Griindungsstadium hinaus und lassen nur errathen, mit welchen Schwierigkeiten dieselben vor 50 Jahren aus dem jungff raulichen Boden mit zuweilen starkem Holzbestand hergerichtet und gebaut wurden.
Die deutschen Emigranten, welche hierher in die Freiheit fliichteten, waren mit keinen beson- deren Gliicksgiitem ausgestattet: Gehorten sie dem Gelehrtenstande an, so mussten sie sich erst an die Handarbeit gewohnen, und das war keine Kleinigkeit. Bayr- hoffer, geboren in Marburg, am Oktober , war in seiner Vaterstadt als ordentlicher Professor der Philosophie an der Uni- versitat angestellt, als er zum Mitgliede der Kurhessischen Stan- deversammlung gewahlt wurde und mit seinem Gesinnungsge- nossen Dr. Gottlieb Theodor Kellner zusammenwirkte. Seine Theilnahme an der sogenannten lichtfreundlichen Bewegung und an der Politik seines engeren Heimatlandes, zogen ihm Verfol- gungen zu, denen er sich durch die Auswanderung nach Amerika entzog.
Er fand endlich nach langem Suchen des Professors Farm und ihn selbst beim Kiihemelken. Da die Schweine ins Kornfeld ausgebrochen wa- ren, so mussten dieselben zuriickgetrieben werden imd der Pro- fessor ertheilte ihm, auf das Loch zeigend, wo sie durchgegangen waren, die Belehrung: Wir batten bedenken sollen, dass auf den Bergen die Freiheit wohnt; also kann kein Korn dort wachsen. Die Gottin wohnt rentef rei bei uns ; wir aber haben diese Praxis theuer be- zahlen miissen.
Romantik ist ein hiibscher Nachtisch, wenn man satt 1st. Bayrhoflfer hatte sich dieser Thatigkeit denn auch mit Fleiss hin- gegeben, die Politik bot damals wenig Erfreuliches und der Fort- schrittsfreund musste auf bessere Zeiten warten. Die kamen ja auch, als die republikanische Partei geboren wurde und der Kampf gegen die Sklaverei emstlich betrieben werden konnte.
Bayrhoffer schloss sich dieser Partei an, half bei der Erwahlung Lincolns und unterstutzte die Unions-Partei gegen die Rebellion. Scin altester Sohn Karl zog als Freiwilliger mit in den Krieg. Als dann der Friede wieder hergestellt war, ging Bayrhoflfer fiber die Grenzen seiner Partei, hinaus zu weiterer Reformarbeit. Aus diesen Vortragen entstand das Buch: Bayrhoffer; gedruckt bei Denhard und Wiffe, Ottawa, Ills,, Bayrhoffer war schon in Deutschland be- muht gewesen, die Wissenschaft ins Volk zu tragen.
An diese Thatigkeit knupfte er nun auf der Prarie in Illinois wieder an und wirkte durch sein Buch auch in weiteren Kreisen. Sehr ver- breitet ist das Werkchen nicht worden, es haftet hier alien unse- ren deutschen buchhandlerischen Untemehmungen die Unfertig- keit an. Es ist auch in anderen Dingen so, der modeme Fort- schritt grenzt mitunter noch an das Mittelalter.
Trotz der Setz- maschinen, welche in Amerika von dem Deutschen Mergenthaler erfunden wurden, trotz der vollendetsten Druck- und Falz-Ma- schinen, werden viele Zeitungen noch mit Handpressen und in wahrhaft primitiver Weise zum Druck gebracht. Der deutsche Schriftsteller hat hier mit undenklichen Schwierigkeiten zu kam- pfen. Druck und Verbreitung erinnem noch an die ersten Zeiten des Buchdrucks in unsem deutschen Kreisen. Kin deutscher Autor in Amerika, will er hier seine Arbeit in die Oeffentlichkeit bringen, geht zu einem Zeitungsherausgeber oder in eine Drucke- rei und macht einen Kontrakt, ihm soviel hundert Exemplare ge- gen eine bestimmte Summe Geldes zu drucken.
Hat er seine Biicher in den Handen. Exemplare seines Buches und verlasst sich auf ihre Mit- wirkung. Schliess- lich sucht er selbst an den Mann zu bringen, was er kann und Karl Theodar Bayrhoffer , 23 muss dann zufrieden sein, wenn er die Druckkosten wieder zu- ruckbekommt So geht es den meisten deutschen Schriftstellem in der Union und Ausnahmen von der Kegel giebt es nur sehr wenige. Bayrhoffer untemommen hatte, ist es nicht besser ergangen, obwohl das Werk eine bessere Aufnahme ver- dient hatte.
Bayrhoffer versus Heinzen, Bayrhoffer war kranklich geworden ; er litt an einem chroni- schen Magenleiden und in Folge dessen an korperlicher Schwache, sodass es ihm unmoglich wurde zu reisen und Vor- trage zu halten, obwohl sein Geist ungeschwacht blieb. So ar- beitete er denn fur verschiedene Blatter, welche von seinen Bei- tragen profitirten, da er immer etwas zum Nachdenken gab und auf seine Leser anregend wirkte. Danach waren ihm die Religionsansichten der Menschen vielfach eine Welt unwissenschaftlicher, menschlicher Phantasie und er verlangte, dass die wissenschaftliche Erkenntniss an deren Stelle gesetzt werde, in einem Bunde des empirischen und philo- sophischen Denkens.
In der Neuen Zeit, einer gediegenen Zeitung New Yorks, welche aber nur von kurzem Bestand war, veroffentlichte er Auf- satze fiber die Frauenfrage, in welchen er sich der Frauen an- nahm und ihre Rechtc befurwortete. Doch am interessantesten waren seine Auseinandersetzungen mit Karl Heinzen im Pionier iiber Sozialismus und Kommunismus. Es ist behauptet worden, die Sozialdemokratie sei ein Produkt der grossen Stadte und Fabriksdistrikte, wo die Arbeiter durch Noth zu Reformen gedrangt worden seien.
Hier kam nun ein Professor der Philosophie auf seiner Farm im Hinterwalde auf ahnliche Gedanken, welche er dann in seiner Schrift: Das Wesen des Universuffis wissenschaftlich ordnete und sie in verschie- denen Aufsatzen vertrat, wodurch er mit dem radikalen Heinzen in einen Federkrieg verwickelt wurde. Heinzen, der Verfasser der radikalen Plattform, war ein Verfechter des Individualismus, seine stramme Personlichkeit hatte sich nie unter die Herrschaft des Kommunismus gebeugt, denn in seinen Augen war Sozial- demokratie und Kommunismus eins.
Bayrhoffer, mehr mild ge- stimmt, dabei doch fest in seinen Ansichten, versuchte auf den Kern der Sache einzugehen. Bayrhoffers Vorschlag bestand darin, dass Wirthschaftskommunen sich ausbreiten mussten iiber Stadt und Land, um die Produktion zu iibemehmen, dass der Arbeiter dem Kapitalisten und Eigenthumer der Fabrik gegeniiber, nicht mehr im Riickstande stehe und ihm sein gerechter Lohn zutheil werde. Dem absoluten Kommunismus war auch Bayrhoffer nicht zuge- than. Doch Heinzen bestand auf seiner Ansicht, er verlangte Bayrhoffer sollte ihm an einem Beispiel klar machen, z.
Horen Sie auf, allerhand Analogien fiir den Kampf herbeizuziehen, gehcn Sie vielmehr direkt auf das System der Wirthschaftskommunen mit seiner ganzen demokratischen Umgebung los und lasscn Sie das- selbe in Flammen aufgehen, sodass die Menschheit ein schones Karl Theodor Bayrhoffer 25 Schauspiel daran hat. Heinzen war iibrigens in dieser Kontroverse nicht so diktatorisch, wic sonst wohl, er wusste, dass er einen ebenburtigen Gegner hatte und einen Mann, der es sonst gut meinte.
Aber so ganz ohne Invektiven ging es doch nicht ab, so, wenn Bayrhoflfer meinte: Was unsere neue Heitnat von unserer alten so wesentlich un- terscheidet, ist der in Deutschland auf einen hohen Grad ent- wickelte Individualismus gegeniiber der amerikanischen Einfor- migkeit und Eintonigkeit. Nicht nur jeder deutsche Staat ist von dem anderen verschieden, sondern jede Stadt, jede Landschaft, jeder Flecken und jedes Dorfchen hat ein eigenes Gesicht, das dem geiibten Physiognom eine lange Geschichte von der Ent- wicklung eines Charakters erzahlt.
Jeder hat seinen eigenen Charakter und lasst ihn bewusst oder unbe- wusst zur freien Geltung nach aussen kommen, z. Eine der Gegenden Deutschlands, wo die individuelle Eigen- tumlichkeit der Bewohner vomehmlich ausgepragt ist, liegt in Hessen-Cassel und ist das liebliche Schwalmtal. Das zeigt sich dem Besucher z. Doch habe ich mir bei meinen wie- derholten Besuchen in dieser Gegend einige Hausspruche notirt, die meine Behauptung von der Eigenart erharten sollen. Die Hausspruche sind im deutschen Dorfe etwas Selbstver- standliches, doch sind es gewohnlich fromme Spriiche, die der Bibel Oder dem Kirchenlied entlehnt sind und so nur wenig von dem Charakter des Hausbesitzers verraten.
In der Schwalm jedoch finden wir diese immerwiederkehrenden Spriiche und Reime nur ganz vereinzelt. So fand ich in Leinefelde folgenden Vers, dessen humor- voiles, stolzes Selbstbewusstsein keinen Kcnnmentar braucht: Sie kann erzahlen, was es kostet, Wie sehr die Hausfrau ist geplagft, Die Wiirste sind nicht gerostet, Es hat auch manchen schonen Taler gekostet; Wenn ihr's nicht glaubt, geht hin und seht. Ueber einem Pferdestall war dieser Reim: Im selben Orte fand ich noch folgende Spriiche: Wenn dieses beisammen da ist, Das heisst ein Gliick, das rar ist An einem Hause hatte sich ein Leinefelder Dorfkunstler mit einigen Blumenstocken in schonen irdenen Topfen verewigt Daneben stand dieser treffliche Reim: Blumen malen ist gemein, Aber den Genich zu gebcn, Das kann Gott allein.
Aus Steina ist der folgende schone Spnich: In Schonbom fand ich mit der Jahreszahl Und aus dem Jahre Denen soil die Sonne scheinen, Die es treu und redlich meincn ; Denen ist der Mond verdcckt, Den'n der Schalk im Herzen steckt Schwaelmer Haussprueche 29 Hochst originell 1st jedenfalls dieser Vers, der iiber eincr Schlafkammer eines Bauernhauses in Gunkelshausen steht: Leider hatte ich zu wenig Zeit, um meine Sammlung noch zu vergrossem.
Doch hoffe ich auch mit diesem Wenigen eine Vorstellung von der Eigenart der Schwalmer wenigstens unge- fahr gegeben zu haben. SoUte mein kleiner Aufsatz gar in einem der Leser die Lust erwecken, selbst nach den Eigenttimlichkeiten des primitiven Landvolkes zu forschen, so wiirde meine geringe Miihe reich belohnt sein. School of Philosophy, Columbia University. The plan of an American Ethnographical Survey has been evolving for a decade and a half. In the year the present writer published a comparative study of the dialect of the Ger- mans of Pennsylvania, basing his results upon data collected in the Rhenish Palatinate in their relation to the German dialect spoken in Pennsylvania.
At that time it became clear that even in the German population of the State more or less sharply defined dialect territories, or speech islands, still existed. Some ten years later a definite plan was formulated for special investi- gation not only into the language, but also into the other cul- tural survivals of the Germans in this country. Circulars were accordingly issued from time to time in the quarterly Americcma Germanica, asking for answers to specific inquiries touching these subjects.
Meanwhile much progress had been made by other countries in this and related fields. The growing activity of the various Ethnological and Ethnographical Societies of Europe, Elngland and America had made continuous advance in many directions. Then followed meanwhile the mammoth plan of the English Dialect Dictionary under the editorship of Professor Wright, successor to the chair so long held by Professor Max Miiller. This Survey contemplated the examination of some three hundred and fifty selected centres throughout the United Kingdom and issued circulars soliciting information concerning the following general subjects: Physical Types of the Inhabitants.
Current Traditions and Beliefs. Monuments and Other Remains of Ancient Culture. Historical Evidences as to Continuity of Race. Closely related to the researches in the English dialects, a number of Americans organized the American Dialect Society for the purpose of studying American English. One of the officers of this Society, Professor George Hempl, set about the study of the territorial distribution of English dialects in the United States.
The results of this sur- vey were most gratifying and encouraged the representatives of the enterprise to present a bill asking for State aid to the amount of twenty thousand dollars to defray the expenses of an Ethnographical Survey of Pennsylvania. This bill, not appear- ing to have a commercial value, was stifled in the committee. Another opportunity, however, was offered by the Executive Committee of the Pennsylvania Commission of the Jamestown Exposition of which Governor Pennypacker was President to incorporate some of the ideas of the Survey in the Pennsylvania History Exhibit at the Jamestown Exposition.
Character and Plan of Survey. The term "Ethnographical" instead of "Ethnological" was selected because the Survey has the clearly defined character of a Culture Census, and differs accordingly, from all preceding surveys both in aim and method. It will be admitted, doubtless, by most specialists in these lines, that much of the ethnological and ethnographical work done on both sides of the Atlantic has been more or less antiquarian in character with, to be sure, here and there many brilliant comparative studies of specific subjects.
It will be noted that even the proposed Ethnographical Survey of the United Kingdom, referred to above, selected certain central An American Ethnographical Survey 33 points for its inquiry, instead of sweeping the entire territory of the relatively small compass of the British Isles, with a view to mapping and charting the speech and culture boundaries and overlappings. The American Ethnographical Survey, on the contrary, contemplates a sweeping and exhaustive examination by the census method of the entire territory selected and the collection of all available data relating to public and private docu- ments, domestic occupations, trades and industries, geographical distribution of race elements, education, politics, and sociology, language, literature, architecture, and domestic life; and upon the basis of these data the construction of maps, charts, and tables, illustrating the migration and interaction of the several race elements in the American population and thus furnish a culture census of the country at large.
The terms "American," "American people," "American Nation," "American Commonwealth," are stupendous composites and mean something different in every State of the Union. There has been a strong tendency among writers of American History to treat the History of the United States as a more or less con- sistent whole. Fortunately special investigation is tending toward one of two extremes, namely, toward purely documentary his- tory on the one hand or toward antiquarian local study on the other.
It can hardly be said as yet that we have entered the field of culture history as a distinct science, save in the field of the aboriginal races. There is manifest to be sure an interest, more keen than well-informed, in the general race problems of Amer- ica. Such works as Houston Stewart Chamberlain's recent study of the Heirs of the Ages, and Michaud's article in a re- cent volume of the Century are based either upon very gen- eral phenomena or upon insufficient data, so that both method and generalizations are often wide of the truth.
If we wish to know what the influences of a given race element or of a group of race elements in their interaction are in the process of naturalization, why should we go to those remote periods, which have left but scanty records of their events, while the greatest naturalization process the world has ever known is now going on before our eyes in our own land, offering an un- told wealth of fact only awaiting the investigator?
If we wish to trace the influence of the Jew upon the history of commerce, trade, and finance, the inexhaustible sources of material in Amer- ican history furnish the inquirer with materials far richer than those scanty records of the Middle Ages. If we wish to test the persistence, endurance, commercial or industrial prowess or the state craft or intellectual fibre, the moral or physical character of a pven nationality, where can it be more advantageously studied than in this seething cauldron, which is doing over the nationalities of the old world into the commonwealths and free republics of America?
It is a striking fact that we are relatively more thoroughly informed concerning the culture of the aboriginal races of Amer- ica than about those more recent peoples, who have built up the life and institutions of the American Republic. Of these various nationalities which have planted the seeds of a new civilization in American soil and, by the blending of ethnical traditions, pro- duced a type of civilization, which bids fair to outrank the vener- able culture of the Old World, we have, at best, only general An American Ethnographical Survey 35 documentary information.
What accurate data have we in de- tail of the life even of the successors of the Puritans in New England, of the Cavaliers of Virginia, of the Dutch on the Hud- son, of the Swedes on the Delaware, of the French in Louisiana and in the Mississippi Valley and in Canada, of the Spaniards in the South and Southwest, of the Germans, who have in the course of a century and a half grown to a tenth of our popula- tion, and in the various States of the Union engrafted a new culture upon our English stalk and bid fair in the near future to bring the great American Republic into cultural rivalry with the great German Empire?
While we have scanty information of these older race elements in our population, we are still more scantily instructed as to the actual significance, tendencies, and possibilities of more recent immigrations, such as the Hungarians, Poles, Italians, Russian Jews, and hosts of others, who are now the main stays in many of our industrial interests. It is well known that whole districts of many of our large cities are occupied by these newly imported foreign elements, speaking their own language, retaining their own habits of life, and, to all intents and purposes, forming miniature foreign set- tlements under the protection of the American flag.
What do we know of the actual process by which these elements are Americanized? It is possible, that in the near future a President with a German, Italian or other foreign name may sit in the White House, just as now a Knickerbocker directs the Ship of State; but of the circuitous course leading from the Bowery, or the comer fruit stand, to Congress or the White House, we have as yet but an inadequate account Then, too, the relative efficiency of these race elements requires investigation. Their capacity for adaptation to new conditions is varied, their religious, moral, ethical, social, and political points of view are of the greater importance in the growth of American institutions.
In a general way we are most ready to pass judgment and form generalizations upon the 36 An American Ethnographical Survey relative merits of the respective nationalities, but it must be evident to every careful observer that present conditions alone are not safe indications of race tendencies which have developed during the course of one or more generations and that the real interpretation of the race propensities can be determined only by historical treatment of the life of these nationalities from and even before their arrival upon American shores.
It is doubtless sufficiently clear, that a thorough analysis and interpretation of the civilization of our American Republic cannot be made until a systematic plan for collecting data, both in the present and earlier periods has been inaugurated. The proposed American Ethnographical Survey presents such a plan. The work is to be conducted after the manner of a census, and to be divided into two separate problems, both of which could be solved at the same time.
The first phase of the work contemplated is a Race Census, representing the ethnical distribution and cultural characteristics of the population as it now exists; and upon the basis of the data thus collected the construction of an Ethnographical Map, showing not only the numbers of the several foreign elements, which can be gained roughly from the United States Census, but also the specific cultural features of these race elements, such as language, occupation, industrial distribution, as they actually exist The second phase of the survey consists in collecting, in connection with the census above mentioned, all available data for tlie reconstruction of the race conditions in the earlier periods of our history.
One most important result of this work would be the construction of an Ethnographical Census of the colonial period, together witli race maps showing the distribution of the foreign elements in different epochs of the colonial period. An American Ethnographical Survey 37 thus furnishing the now missing census up to the time of the first S rstematic census made by the government.
In connection with this census and series of ethnographical maps it will be possible to show the causes influencing the geo- graphical distribution of these various nationalities in the Amer- ican colonies and to trace their migration, by the closer study of local geography and official and private documents, such as land warrants, deeds, tax lists, military rolls, and the like, and thus present graphically to the eye the results of the interaction of geographical industrial, commercial, and economic conditions in the respective periods and localities.
The Conbstoga Expedition, In the summer of a preliminary test of this survey was made by the inauguration of the Conestoga Expedition. The work of the expedition was limited for the most part to those parts of interior Pennsylvania first settled by the Germans. The plan of work was to select a small territory, which could be com- passed within the brief space of the vacation, and to make a thorough house-to-house canvass.
Specific question blanks were prepared in advance, asking for the name of the owner or tenant, of the wife and the earlier members of both sides of the family, the origin of the respective branches of the family, the names and number of children, the type of house and bam, the present and traditional occupation of the family, the religious persuasion, the habit of dress, the political and social attitude, beliefs and superstitions, ph rsical and other family traits, the language, the fare and mode of cooking, education, etc.
As a result of this thorough-going inspection a great mass of interesting and valuable material was collected and is now presented in brief form. From the data thus obtained, it is possible to make many generalizations. Political geography, in turn, often undergoes great changes in consequence of its own original determinative influence upon early settlement. The Civil War, partly racial and social, and partly industrial and economical, will furnish another instance in which the at- tempt to change geographical boundaries proved futile. Indeed, the race factor, apart from the part of the negro, in the Civil War, still awaits adequate treatment.
The influence of the Germans in forming the flame of abolition sentiment and in actually aiding in the victories of the North were most signifi- cant. The great force of the German press of America in the hands of men, who had themselves sought political liberty in the new Republic, was directed agninst the institution of slavery.
Physical Geography, The selection of a place of settlement is determined to a great extent by ph rsical geography. The quality of the soil, the location of waterways, valleys and moim- tains — all influence. Accordingly the Conestoga Expedition found ample material, showing how these geographical forces had affected the distribution of race elements. In the fertile arable lands of the valleys were found the thirfty German farmers. In the mine regions, where iron and other ores made mining profitable in the colonial period, were found the Welsh.
In the regions where distilling was in vogue was the Irishman. In the centres of industry and trade and on the frontiers of en- terprise were found the Englishman, the Yankee and the Scotch Irishman. The landmarks of these early settlements arc still preserved in the local geography, in the names of persons and places. It is a striking fact that the country regions, notwithstanding the flux and flow of population inci- dent upon modern progress, have retained conservatively the names of the ealier families.
The proportion of family names represented in the districts examined, was as follows: Proportion of German names in In the case of place names the German was found in many instances still in local use, although the map no longer has any trace of the German name, but employs the more recent English instead. Of local names still found on the map and indicating original race settlements, the following are sig- nificant: Names of foreign places whence the settlers came.
Names pointing to Biblical traditions of the sects. Nebo, Bethesda; of also Eden, Providence, Paradise, 3. Since that time the statistics gathered have been collated and may be presented more in detail. It is the more opportune that these statistics should now take the form of an official report, since the work of the survey has found a wider recognition in 40 An American Ethnographical Survey the State, in the appointment of its Director and Albert Cook Myers to prepare the Pennsylvania History Elxhibit at the James- town Elxposition of What the original Conestoga Expedi- tion inaugurated will thus, in an extended form, find expression in a series of historical maps, showing the movements and racial elements of the population of Pennsylvania and Western Mary- land and the great valley of Virginia.
To the results as repre- sented in these maps, the independent studies of Mr. Myers in constructing maps showing frontier lines of settlement have been an important contribution. The work of the Conestoga Expedition centered in the Conestoga and Pequea Valleys of Lancaster County, more par- ticularly in the Township of Strasburg, of which a careful, cultural census was made, with a view to showing the actual survivals of the life of the original settlers, the statistics for which will be given farther on. In addition to these statistics, investigations were carried on in various directions throughout the country by the several members of the expedition.
Much of this work is still going on, and will be published in more extended form when completed. Another member of the expedition, John A. Bole, made a thorough investigation at his own expense of the history of the German Community Settlement at Ecomemy, PSL, the results of which have been published in the German American Annals, and are reprinted in a volume of the Monograph Series, Americana Germanica.
Other r Families 14 [ Individuals Miners a Plasterers a Blacksmiths a. Driver i Confectioner i , Postmaster i Liveryman i. I 1 [ River Brethren Families Individuate 19 39 Language Understand r Families. It will be found that tfie total of answers given to the several questions is by no means equal to the number of families or individuals questioned.
This is explained by the fact that in many cases the individuals did not know what to answer, or, because of the newness of the questions, were re- luctant to answer them. The figures here given represent the answers which were recorded. While it was thus not possible to get absolute completeness under some rubrics, the figures obtained will prove valuable as indicating at least the proportions of the population represented in a certain rubric; as, for ex- ample, in the case of those who wear the plain dress, in which case it may be assumed that the remainder of the population wear the ordinary "worldly" dress.
As this was an entirely private census, unauthorized by any official authority, it is surprising that so few families declined outright to answer the questions. Sise of Families, An account was also taken during the census of the number of living children in each family. These statistics show that the great majority of families had from two 2 to eight 8 children.
In the borough there were only 27 families with but one child each, and 27 having two children each; 26 having 3 children each: In the township there were 41 families, of i each ; 46, of 2 each ; 38, of 3 each: These figures give no immediate alarm of race suicide among the German decendants of this region. It will be noted that after summing up all the families whose origin has been determined, there remains a small percentage something like a tenth unaccounted for.
This means that these families could not be traced directly to German, Swiss. It is a striking fact that relatively few had personal knowledge, or even tradition of their origin. Compare, for example in the borough , the male heads of families, and female, whose origin the census-taker determined to be German, with tfie 28 families and 38 individuals who knew that they were of German origin.
This disparity shows a number of interesting facts, i How completely the early German settlers severed their tradition from the Fatherland. The desire on the part of the masses to live an obscure, uneventful life, and the tendency to conceal their German origin in the case of those who came into touch with An American Ethnographical Survey 45 public affairs, doubtless added to this indifference concerning their origin. The statistics show a surprising variety of trades and occupations, even in this isolated country district, and give a good impression of the complex character of even simple coimtry life.
It will be seen that about one-sixth of the residents of the borough is made up of farmers, not all of whom are retired farmers. We have here, doubtless, an instructive survival of the South German village life, for a number of these farmers in the borough still carry on their farms in the town- ship, after the fashion of the South German peasant ; except that in the case of Strasburg, the farms are vastly larger. As might be expected, many trades are confined to the borough. Never- theless, the township is well supplied with such artisans as car- penters, shoemakers and blacksmiths.
There was an unmis- takable trace here of the German tradition of passing on the trade from one generation to the next, in the same family. The large number of children, however, made it necessary to take up other occupations. One of the most notable of these "hereditary" occupations is to be found in the case of a family which has for generations been noted for the best doctors in the country.
It is a most interesting fact that the Borough of Strasburg shows a close contest in point of numbers between the Old and New Mennonites on the one hand, and the Methodists and Presbyterians on the other. The Presbyterian influence is only such as can be easily explained by the presence of the Scotch Irish in the locality. The Methodists, however, have made actual conquest, taking over a ntmiber of members from original Mennonite families, it being a natural step from the tenets of the Mennonites to the beliefs of the Methodists, when once the plain dress and conservative Mennonite ways have been given up.
The Mennonites were originally the dominant element in this locality, but their combined influence has been weakened by the organization of the New Mennonite Church. It will be 46 An American Ethnographical Survey noted, however, that the Old Mennonites are still strong in the borough, even in this township, which represents a variety of other religious elements. Dress, One of the most interesting things in the appearance of the country people of Lancaster County is their plain dress, which exhibits three different types; the Mennonite type, the still more primitive Amish type, and the Dunker type.
In point of dress the borough is much less conservative than the township, having 37 adherents of plain dress as compared with 96 in the township. Is is to be noted, however, that many families, par- ticularly the female members, wear the plain dress, without being actual members of a plain sect. Indeed, a family misfortune is likely to force them from worldly habiliments into the churchly plain garb. It should not be concluded, however, that "plain" is synonomous with unattractive, for in the case of the young Mennonite maiden the Mennonite dress is highly becoming, and most attractive, allowing of a wide variety of color, and ma- terial, the "plainness" being confined to the pattern of the gar- ments.
Even among the "hook and eye" Amish, the young folks indulge in gay colors, thus relieving the monotonous ex- ternals of their patriarched life. Superstition, The full extent of the persistence of super- stition will appear in a separate treatise soon to be published by a member of the expedition. We only note here two or three of the most general forms of superstition. A considerable number of people still believe in the signs of the moon, and observe them in planting, sowing, butchering, and the like.
As the statistics show, however, the percentage is relatively small, although on this point the answers are less trustworthy. Powwowing, The most interesting survival of old super- stitious folk customs is doubtless that of powwowing, called in Pennsylvania, German "Brauche. As will be seen from the statistics, eight powwowers were found in the Borough of Strasburg alone, and four in the township, making a round dozen, one powwower to fifty families.
Two kinds of pow- wowing were noted. One consisting of rubbing the parts affected, and repeating the spell without further formalities; the other of using potions made of herbs, etc. These facts are sufficient to justify the general protest made by practicing physicians against the persistent practice of folk medicine, especially in the second form mentioned above. The old prejudice against voting is fast disappear- ing. As the statistics show, a relatively small proportion refuse to vote. Among these are the ministers of the Mennonites and other plain sects.
We have here a good example of the influence of economic interests overriding religious scruples. An inter- esting form of this is to be found in school politics, where some of the plain sects prove themselves quite equal to the tactics of the professional politicians. This is illustrated by the case of a school entirely in the hands of the sect. By skilful manipulation the school board was made up of members of the sect, the teacher was the son of one of the members, and the pupils seemed to be without exception from the same sect, as teacher and pupils alike all wore the plain garb.
The attitude of these people on social questions shows that there is a strong liberalizing process going on. The questions particularly inquired about for the statistics were dancing, cards, theaters, circuses, and the like. The census takers had not the courage to go very minutely into the question of drink. It was not necessary, however, to ask questions on this subject, as the thrift of the inns furnished ample evidence of liberality. As might be expected, the borough was relatively more liberal than the township in regard to social questions, al- though a considerable number, even of the country people, patronize the circus and even the theater, and multitudes attend 48 An American Ethnographical Survey the county fair, which is often more demoralizing than either circus or theater.
The most interesting feature, perhaps, in the life of these people is their language. A special effort was made in the census to collect accurate statistics on this subject. Inas- much as the people are sometimes unwilling to admit that they speak the Pennsylvania German dialect, an effort was made by the census takers to find out indirectly to what extent the dialect was used. This could be done either by speaking the dialect to the people, or by inquiring as to the use of certain dialect words.
The language data were taken under two heads: A comparison of the numerical results on the use of dialect in general will show that Pennsyl- vania German has almost ceased to be a regular family speech in the borough, but is still used by a considerable number of indi- viduals, and, occasionally, by a still larger number of families; while in the township four times as many families and nearly three times as many individuals, use it as their daily speech, with a large contingent in both borough and township, who do not speak German, understand it when spoken.
As the statistics show, the majority of the families in the borough, easily a fourth in the township, speak English only. How astonishingly slight the effect of later German immigration has been in this region can be seen from the fact that only one family in the borough, and four in the township were found still speaking high German which they had brought with them from the Fatherland; and even in the speech of the families living in the township there were strong traces of the Pennsylvania German dialect An interesting case of the influence of language was ob- served in an old native-bom Pennsylvania German of Strasburg, who spoke the German Dialect perfectly, and English with perfect Irish accent When asked where he acquired this Irish speech, he said he had learned it from Irishmen, who worked in his father's distillery, when he was a boy.
Considerable attention was given to vari- ation in the German dialect of the German region, particularly of Lancaster County. A list of some dialectal test words was collected, and from these a small list of some 15 character- istic words with their equivalents used as the basis of statistics in Strasburg town and township.
It was found practically im- possible to distinguish in favor of either of the dialectal equiv- alents in this particular locality, because, in the flux and flow of the population, both sets of words had become familiar, having been found in 66 cases in the borough and 96 in the township in indiscriminate use. An examination, however, over the counties of Lancaster, Lebanon and Berks, made it possible to determine varieties in the so-called Pennsylvania German dialect These results will appear in print later in the form of a dialect dictionary, which is now in preparation.
One of the indelible marks which the old German life has left in Pennsylvania, and even other parts of the country, is the survival of a nimiber of distinctiy German forms of food. Borough and township alike, in our census, show the persistence of these German dishes in the fare of the present day.
In the borough, four articles competed for the supremacy: Sauerkraut, made in 85 cases; schmierkase, found in 82 cases; fassnachts, 76 cases; pannhaus, 71 cases; as compared with 87 sauerkraut, 84 schmierkase, 81 fassnacht, and 74 pannhaus, in the township. It will be noted further that ''lad- werck" apple butter has only about one-third of the vogue in the borough that it has in the country, which is explained by the lack of facilities in town for the preparation of it In addition to these great German staples of Pennsylvania food, a number of minor cheeses were noted as having vogue, such as "haffekase," represented by 6 in the borough and 50 in the township; "kop- kas," 9 in the borough and 35 in the township; and "deitsdie- kas," s in the township.
A 5 Str. I a Str. SJ US ohn Moser. I -as acob Ashleman. Montgomery John Black Herman Ski les. Eden Samuel Hathem.
Foutz Conrad Hook. Leaman 17s John Heidlebach. I Mash R. Handbuch des Deutschtums itn Auslande nebst eincm Adressbuch der deutschen Auslandschulcn. The work is intended for parliamentarians, newspaper men and merchants, as well as others interested in German, in foreign lands and, as the title implies, undertakes the enormous task of informing concerning these Germans.
Although it contains pages of closely printed matter, the work still exhibits a lack of proportion. In the case of the United States, where we are best prepared to judge, the accompanying bibliography omits many of the best and most important sources. The third edition of this work — the prep- aration of which has already begun — will, no doubt, supplement this bibliography and enrich the content of the book.
The demand for such a work is attested by the surprisingly rapid disposal of the 2, copies of the first edition , which supply was exhausted four months after its publication. The preface of the second edition is written by Professor A. Brandl, who wrote the preface also to the first edition, and the in- troduction — which is repeated from the first edition — is the contri- bution of Professor Friedrich Paulsen.
The chapter pertaining to the Germans in the United States is written by Dr. The work is divided into two main parts. In the chapter on the Germans in the United States the follow- ing topics are briefly treated: The History of German Immi- gration. The Number of Germans. German Newspapers and Periodicals. The author of this chapter falls into the mistake, made by some American historians, of calling Francis Daniel Pastorius, the founder of Germantown. Pastorius was not a parson but a Doctor of Laws of the University of Altdorf.
It is manifest that a compilation of facts such as this book pur- ports to give is valuable. This particular chapter might be extended with advantage to the book, as the Germans in America are an im- portant element in the history of German colonization. With a more exhaustive use of the reliable and adequate sources at hand, a monumental contribution to the history of Germans in foreign lands must result. The services of Professor Brandl, who was so heartily welcomed in America in T The present edition of the "Handbuch des Deutschtums im Aus- land" shows an advance over the first edition toward this result.
Das Deutschtum in Kanada. But what the author gives is most welcome to those interested in things Ger- man on the American continent. First of all it is pointed out that, while in the United States the Germanic races occupy the most prominent place, in Canada the Celtic Romanic races predominate. The accurate record which the Canadian government keeps of the nationalities within its limits, 56 RevUws makes comparison easy. Thus Oppel, quoting the Canadian census of , points out that, while there were , persons of Celtic- Romanic blood, there were only 1,, of German extraction in the Dominion.
The Germans are scattered over the entire inhabited portion of Canada. The greatest number of them, however, is cen- tralized in the Province of Ontario, namely , Then follow Nova Scotia with 41,, Manitoba with 27,, Alberta with 7,, and the other provinces and territories with smaller representations. In the newer settlements in the western part of the Dominion the Germans represent a considerable percentage of the entire popula- tion.
In West Assiniboia, for example, 17 per cent, of the popula- tion is German. Quite obviously the Germans have sought the regions of predominantly English rather than those of predom- inantly French population. From the statistical discussion Oppel turns to the historical. It appears that almost precisely a hundred years after the founding of Germantown, Pa. Curiously enough, these first settlers came from the States and largely from Pennsylvania.
Here a large number of that religious body known as Mennonites had settled. While their religious tenets forbade them from participating in war or military enterprises of any kind, they were loyal subjects of the crown of England. When the peace of established the United States as a separate nation, many of them, true to their oath of loyalty, departed for Canada. A large number of German Mennonites subsequently went to Canada from Russia, to escape military duties which the Russian government was about to force upon them.
They sought chiefly the central and western parts of Canada. It will be interesting to note how large a per- centage of the German population this religious sect constitutes. According to tfie census of , of the 27, Germans in Mani- toba, 15, were Mennonites; in the District of Lisgar, of 13, Germans, 10, were Mennonites: They are scattered over a vast stretch of land.
The Mennonites separate themselves from other people. The Germans live, for the most part, in the small towns and country districts. This is a book written in a feuilletonistic style upon meager in- formation. Its title would be more appropriately "Bilder aus New York. Of this vast country, its millions of inhabitants and its multiplex phases of life and activities, he feels competent to write, with considerable conviction, after a brief visit to four of our cities, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Wash- ington.
Just what the purpose of the book should be is not an easy matter to divine, unless by means of caricature of our social condi- tions it should serve to deter his fellow countrymen from coming to America. From cover to cover it is a great interrogation mark. It is full of misrepresentations, incongruities and gross statistical and historical errors.
That a change of the environment of a people and the heterogeneity of our population are unconducive to spon- taneous development of the highest stage of culture, the author fails to observe. Every aspect of life he views through the partisan eye- glass of a self-satisfied European. He is unable to observe in any- thing, whatsoever, the quickening heart throb of a new and unique culture. What his own nation and other European nations, by con- stant intermingling, by mutual borrowing and reworking have ac- complished in centuries of labor, he expects to find, in even a magnified degree, in this new country which has scarcely emerged from the keenest struggle with primitive conditions.
According to Roder all Americans are wholesale plagiarists, ruthless borrowers. He denies us every claim to scholarship, going so far even as deny- ing us the right of owning our beloved Mark Twain, assigning him a place among the English or Low Germans. The average German American he views with particular abhorrence. Pauli zum seligen Abscheid Vorbereitung Breithaupt, Joachim Justus, Dissertatio Theologica De Concubinatu.
Observationes Theologicae De Haeresi. Lith, Johann Wilhelm von der, , resp. Fabeln aus den Zeiten der Minnesinger. Eine Gedenckwirdige vnd glaubhafftige Historia. In a forest a mile from Quedlinburg, a girl had a vision of a little man in white garments who gave her a basketful of silver coins, 3 here illustrated in woodcut on t. Brenner, Peter Johansen, d. Breymann, Conrad Andreas, et al. The one by Joh. Andreas Krebs, with separate title page, is the text for a musical ode.
No other copy seen in this or the previous century. Mexico in the days of young Montezuma. Brockes, Barthold Henrich, Pope, Alexander, , et al. Auszug der vornehmsten Gedichte. Zimmermann; For Jantz No. Georg Pritius, Albrecht Jacob Zell, The posthumous concluding volume; For Jantz No. W; For Jantz No. Marino, Giovanni Battista, Brockes' own poems begin on p. Brockes eigene Gedichte; tr. The final redaction; For Jantz No. Brockes, editor, prefatory poem by Daniel Wilhelm Triller. Second edition, with errata leaf, poem "Die Dankbarkeit" misplaced to instead of Drollinger; the final redaction; For Jantz No.
Bruck Angermundt, Jacob von. Second count has emblems numbered b. Engraved text in Latin; German verse text with corresponding numbering: Les Emblemes Moravix Et Militaires. Ehren-tempel der Deutschen Gelehrsamkeit. Jacob Haid of Augsburg. Historiae Criticae Philosophiae Appendix. Caesaris ora vides Alberti nomine Primi. Albert I, 8 lines Latin verse signed "M. Das Blut der Natur. Graf]; [Sporck, Franz Anton von], Extract eines curiosen Schreibens. Peter Paul Bleul; Oettingen, pr. Praz records only the Latin edition. Bruno, Jacob, , ed.
Matthias Stann; Frankfurt; 8. Zeit-Register Mit denen Zeichen der Zeiten. Heinrich Oehrling; Offenbach, pr. Geomantia, Olim Pulveri inscripta Nunc. Jacob Pontantus , Reformata Poeseos Institutio, incl. Heinrich Richter; Dresden; 4th ed. Orationum Academicarum Volumina Tria. Der Welt-Lauf in Ansehung des Verderbens aller Menschen, in einigen sonderbaren und meistentheils selbst erlebten Begebenheiten vorgestellet.
Among the stories included is that of a Virginia planter named Walter Ralegh Bucholtz, Andreas Heinrich, First illustrated edition, fourth plate signed Hans Wechter, Includes a satire on the evils of the times ; For Jantz No. With a prefatory epistle from Burcard Gotthelf Struve. Buddeus, Johannes Franciscus, Much on church history. Historia Ecclesiastica Veteris Testamenti. Theognostus Eusebius [Adolf Wilhelm von Gohren]. Temperamentvm Laetitiae Ac Tristitiae. Buddeus, Johannes Franciscus, ; Musig, Martin.
I in 2nd ed. Other known collaborators were Joh. Volume III lacks pages Trifolium Electorum Spirituale, Das ist. Bugenhagen, Johann, ; Gesner, Salomon, Wolfgang Meisner,; Wittenberg; 8. Catalogvs Bibliothecae Bvnavianae Tomvs I. Bunemann, Johann Ludolph, Includes the Querela de Fide, a line rhymed Latin poem by an earlier unnamed parish priest, lamenting the corruption of the Church, published by Luther in Bunemann, Johann Ludolph, , ed. Oratio de Spiritv Sancto. Rome, , with biography of Campanus and notes.
A symbolic-pictorial outline of history. Buquoit, Jean-Albert d'Archambaud, Comte de, ca. Ad Irenaevm Philalethem Epistola. Janus Gregorius Betulius; Hannover; 8. Burg, Johann Friedrich, , ed. Poets' names at end of hymns. Part 3 consists of 14 short stories or novellen. Heilige Geheimnisse Aller vornehmsten und schweresten Leiden Jesu. Portrait engraved by the younger Bernigeroth.
De transfiguratione metallorum, attributed to Morienus, translated from Arabic to Latin by Robertus Castrensis; 2. Preface dated Augsburg, 15 March, Hymnus Ad Reaperturae Cam. Georg Ernst Winckler, [chronogr]. No other copy known, possibly unique. Quasi Sive Mundus Quasificatus. Quasi Vero, Der Hinckende Bott. Uti Ante Hac Auff die alte Hack. Uti Ante Hac, Auf die alte Hack. Symbolorum Et Emblematum Centuriae quatuor.
Adam Islip; 2nd augm. Joachim Wild of Rostock. Operae Horarum Succisivarum sive Meditationes Historicae. Ander Theil des Historischen Lustgartens The first paragraph a manifesto of the Enlightenment against obscurantists. Canisius, Petrus, , and Anon. Jesuit priest, drawings by I. Canitz, Friedrich Rudolph Ludwig von, Abraham Wagner; Bern; 8. Grimm; For Jantz No. Sammlung der Besten Deutschen Schriftseller.
Canstein, Carl Hildebrand von, Adam Steinmetz, with notes. Canstein, Carl Hildebrand von, ; Lange, Joachim, Das Muster Eines rechtschaffenen Lehrers. Carl Gustav of Sweden Charles X Fastorum Ecclesiasticorum Liber V. Somnium Super Vienna Nuper Munita. Praise of Hapsburg empire. Telemann, Michael Richey, Barth. Brockes, Albrecht Haller et al.
Biographical notices on Telemann et al. Cassius, Georg Andreas, Der Bauer als ein Edelmann. Die Unterredungen vor dem Gegitter. Christ, Johann Friedrich, Anzeige und Auslegung Der Monogrammatum. The "Redende Zeichen" are of literary interest, as are also parts of the introduction. Also a historical poem p. Elvcidarivs Artis Transmvtatoriae Metallorvm. Colophon at the end of part 2. Appended to part 2 are two tracts of Raimundus Lullius: Sebastian Castalio's Latin verse translation of the Sibylline oracles.
Methodus Balsamandi Corpora Humana. Tragoediae Ludis Autumnalibus Datae. Anton Maximilian Heiss; Augsburg; 8. Clajus von der Ill, tr. Antiqvitates Germanorvm Potissimvm Septentrionalivm Selectae. Curiosorum, nec non politicorum. Leben vnnd Lob der HH. Among the pupils participating was the later famous jurist Enoch Glaeser. Anweisung Zu der Geographia. Hell-leuchtender Cluverianischer Spiegel Der ganzen Welt. Der bewegliche Passions-Prediger im Cabinet. Cohausen, Johann Heinrich, Satyrische Gedancken Von der Pica Nasi.
Colberg, Ehregott Daniel, Ocium Caniculare, seu Sermones Caniculares. Colerus, Johann Christoph, Preface by Gottlieb Wernsdorf. Appendix of letters largely in German; For Jantz No. Das Leben Des Bened. Dunstan on the philosophers' stone, experiments of Rhumel and remedies of Angelo Sala.
Comazzi, Giovanni Battista, or Comenius, Johannes Amos, Comenius' dedication to Church of England. Die Apostolische Ordnung und Kirchen-Zucht Card 2 ; Pages supplied from a copy in the holdings of the Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm. Only other known copy at the British Museum. Conlin, Albert Joseph, fl. Conlin is identified as "Parochus in Munningen, pro nunc in Kurzenhausen. A's work has some plates on the same or similar subjects, but the accompanying verses are different. See preface to volume I on Abraham's relation to the work.
La Contadina Intermezzi Musicali. Ubergab der Haupt-Vestung Belgrad. Copia Zweyer Schreiben I. Corona Virtutum et Laudum S. Allerhand Geist- Lehr- und Trostreiche Predigten Bouhours, in form of a letter addr. Anton Humm; Frankfurt; 4. Volume of New England provenance. Crophius, Philipp Jacob, Elisabetha Magdalena von Schnurbein.
Einleitung zu der Historie der vornehmsten. Ad me cum ventum, facta est Electio dispar. Jacob von der Heyden. Paul Crusius Poeta Caesareus. See Bernegger, Jantz No. Non Genus Austriacum mihi Mundi acquirit habenas. Crusius, Theodor, , ed. In festo Natalicio Iesv Christi. Set to music by Antonio Draghi, the ballet music by Joh. Joseph Hoffer, staged by Lodovico Burnacini. Cyprian, Ernst Salomon, Includes much literary material poems, cantatas. The appended numismatic treatise with 12 engr.
D[oppelmayr], J[ohann] G[abriel], The Copernican solar system. The European solar eclipse of May 12, Mit Vier Stimmen Componirt With dedication and Latin poem to Duke Rudolph August. Schauplatz Der Masquirten und Demasquirten Gelehrten. Damm, Christian Tobias, ; Pindar, B. Versuch einer prosaischen Uebersetzung der griechischen Lieder. Lob-Rede auf den Kaiser Nerva Trajanus.
Lobrede auf den Kayser Trajanus. Das Grab Der Armut. The French original also first appeared in Frankfurt that same year. Historie des Hypolitus Grafens von Duglas. Pages of the French text occur twice, the first time in error for p. Ernstliche und wichtige Betrachtungen Des Robinson Crusoe.
Extensive additions by the German translator, who perceived De Foe's mock serious intent. Decker, Johann Heinrich, Text has engraved illustr. The third of nine editions.
Deneken, Samuel Christian Gottfried. Als der Durchlauchtigste Herzog. Dem Closter Riddagshausen schenkte Historie der heutigen Religionen, by Joh. Kurtz gefasste Allgemeine Rechts-Geschichte Dessler, Wolfgang Christoph, The preface contains a biography of the author who began his literary career as a collaborator of Erasmus Francisci and wrote some of his works.
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Among the translations is Mrs. Gottsched's of Voltaire's Alzire, oder die Amerikaner. The engraved titles are by Salomon Kleiner; A film copy of Part 1, which was lacking in the Jantz copy, has been supplied by the University of Freiburg Library.
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- A Sensible Lady: A Traditional Regency Romance.
Though both the general t. Dienheim, Johann Wolfgang, fl. Taeda Trifida Chymica, Das ist: Verbum Dimissum by Bernhard Trevisanus? Aquila Thuringus and two by Edward Kelley. Literarily most important is Dienheim's story of Alexander Seton and the transmutation he performed at Basel in his and Jacob Zwinger's presence, written, Legation Oder Abschickung der Esell in Parnassum.
Begun , taken up again and completed Various on German artists, poets, and composers. Zwo Vlmische Jubel vnd Danckpredigten bey dem. Dieterici, Johannes, d. Dietherr, Christoph Ludwig, Colophon; Complete copy of this triumph of Mannerism. Specimens of a 1st Gothic revival on pl. Fountain of the Continents pl. The plates are etched, not engraved. Memoriale Domini Das ist: Peter Titz and one by the now less well known but once more famous Joachim von Hirtenberg Pastorius.
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Dilherr, Johann Michael, Est anima in coelis; haec corporis umbra Tucheri est. Carl von Thill , 2 lines of Latin verse by Dilherr. The original portrait drawing by Georg Strauch, on which the engr. Quod potuit, Sculptor praestabat: The engraving is unsigned. Part two with verses. Weg-Weiser Zum verlohrnen Licht und Recht.
Part 2, preface, includeE the autobiographical account of his alchemical endeavors. Dis ist der Oberste der ungemenschten Tartarn. Ein Discurs vber der Frag. Von der Heimfart vnd Beylager. A poem on the engraving at the end of part one ; the key to the numbers on the central trap at the end of part two. Part two with advice on how to avoid legal traps.
Jesu Lebens-Lauf auf Erden. Spiegel Der Jungfrawen vnd Witwen. Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Socraticae Joco-Seriae. Part two on personages of antiquity and on such conditions and "virtues" as injustice, folly, fever, gout, mendacity, and envy. Dornmeyer, Andreas Julius, Dissertatio De Praeparatione Ad Sapientiam.
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Dissertatio De Prima Germanorvm Notitia. Dorsch, Johann Georg, Aemulus immensis atavi conatibus ortus. See Bernegger Jantz No. In faciem si quis faciem converterit hancce. Matthias I, 8 lines Latin verse by Dorsch of Strassburg. Bibliotheca Classica, Siue Catalogus Officinalis. Interleaved copy, contemporary binding, of Colonial New England provenance.
Bibliotheca Librorvm Germanicorvm Classica, Das ist: Collection of political essays, reflections, histories, and anecdotes, part II cheifly on riots and rebellions. One essay I, ch. Aeternitatis Prodromvs Mortis Nvntivs. Aloe Amari sed salubris succi Ieivnivm. Antigrapheus Sive Conscientia Hominis.
Avrifodina Artium et scientiarum omnium: Treatise on the freedom of the will. Horologium Avxiliaris Tvtelaris Angeli. Infernvs, Damnatorum Carcer et Rogus. Iobvs Divinae Providentiae Theatrum. Nicetas seu Trivmphata Incontinentia. The triumph of chastity. Noe Architectvs Arcae in Diluvio Navarchus. Nicolaus Heinrich; 2nd ed. Card 2 ; The narrow inner margins of this thick volume in the original pigskin binding created insurmountable difficulties in microfilming. Opera Omnia Hiebevor in Lateinischer Sprach beschrieben. Symbolic and emblematic engravings, some multiple.
Many poems in text. Fictitious imprint, see Jantz No. Recta Intentio omnium humanarum actionum Amvssis. Rhetorica Caelestis seu Attente precandi scientia. Drollinger, Carl Friedrich, Du Bos, Jean Baptiste, Bericht von dem immerlaufenden Juden aus Jerusalem, mit Nahmen Ahasverus.
The account is dated A7 recto not or 44 or 45 as in the three other earliest copies recorded. Nebst einem Anhang von der Wapen-Kunst. Orphanage, Gottlob Benjamin Frommann. Die durch hohen Kinder-Flor unter den Sterblichen erlangte Unsterblichkeit. Frau Maria Magdalena von Stetten, gebohrne Herwartin Jungfer Anna Catharina Renzin Neustadt an der Aisch. E[rhard], J[ohann] U[lrich], Bernhardi De Nomine Jesu.
E[rndtel], C[hristian] H[einrich], The dedication of part 2 with a long list of names, among them the widow of Joh. Both poetry and prose in highly figured imaginative language. Eccard, Johann Georg, Historia Stvdii Etymologici Lingvae Germanicae. Eckhard, Melchior Sylvester, Edelmann, Johann Christian, Literarily interesting and amusing, e.
Die Erste Epistel St. Christian Harenberg's Die gerette Religion A manuscript, 4, of Die Andere Epistel St. Christian Harenberg wrote for the gelehrte Altonaer Zeitung, No. Letters dated from Berleburg Appendix in defense of the reasonableness of Christianity. Several poetic pieces, esp. Xaveri Iungwierth Sculps Monachij. The appended German sermon bears the imprint: Egenberger von Wertheim, Conrad, fl.
Egenberger had in translated the folk book Ogier from the Danish. Eggeling, Johann Heinrich, Poemata Sacra, De Gloriosissima Christi. Cheiragogia Heliana De Auro Philosophico. The frontispiece in 12 figures illustrates the varied possibilities of constructing the combined periscope telescope. Ehren-Titul des Namens Jesu.
The others remain anonymous. Includes hymns of praise. Jesuit's reply to the Evangelisches Panier of Gottfried Lomer; on Luther's threefold call to the ministry. Augusta Augustissima, Das allerherrlichste Augsburg. Mit dem Ewigen das Zeitliche The autobiographical account includes his wanderings with a theatrical troup. See also Banholzer, no. The second part, ironically entitled "Lutherische wohlriechende Blumen," is an anthology of strong statements by Luther and his contemporaries. Eler has joined the Dominican order. One section in verse C3r-C6r. Second title page C7: Engraved book plate depicting the Halle Orphanage Library, mid century.
Mariae Salomae, Marchionissae Badensi A collection of anecdotes and sayings, serious and jocose, though hardly after-dinner jokes in the present sense of the term. O Magni, Deus, architecte Mundi. Epithalamium Symbolicum Conjugibus Porphyrogenitis. Mariae, Reginae, Hispaniarum Infanti Regias nuptias solenniter orbe triumphante agerent The unusually vivid engravings are unsigned. Erdmuth Sophie von Brandenburg geb. Sonderbare Kirchen- Staat- und Welt- Sachen.
Georg Layriz , of a work prev. Handlung von der Welt Alter. Prose appendix of remarkable occurrences, including witches' sabbath. Erhard, Johann Ulrich, Chiliadis Epigrammatum Pars Altera. Tobias Friedrich Coccyus,; Tobias Friederich Coccycus,; The Latin poems include a eulogy to Jacob Balde. Philipp Jacob Laidig,; Antonia Sofia Du May in German. Ernesto virtus, memorandis clara triumphis.
Ernst, Jacob Daniel, Appended after the index to this volume is the index to 3 further anecdotal works by Ernst, for the twelve Nights, New Year's, and Carnival week. Much exotic material, incl. Die Neu-zugerichtete Historische Confect-Tafel. The signed engravings are by J. Bernigeroth the younger or by G. Busch, the 11th by the latter after I. Amara Dulcis, Das ist: Appended with separate title page a funeral sermon "Wachtbares Hertzens Aug.
The portrait is surrounded by four emblems. The rich array of anecdotes and memorabilia are separately indexed. In this edition, oddly enough, the author is named N. Even more oddly, there is an appendix II, of no discernable relationship: Esmarch's occasional poems are in quality well above the normal level, while his epigrams are often witty and graceful, at times even brilliant.
Essich, Johann Georg, Weihenmajer, Vitus Friedrich, ed. Kurtze Einleitung zu der allgemeinen weltlichen Historie Kurze Einleitung zu der allgemeinen weltlichen Historie Eustachius de Rosario, fl. Ars Bene Moriendi Das Ist: Kunst wol zu sterben. Text in fifty "exhortations.
Evangelia Sambt den Episteln. On the Swedish mediation, see Strahlenheim, Jantz No. Eygentliche vnd Warhaffte Contrafactur. Eysengrein zu Herrnfelberg, Caspar. Das Geistliche Vergib mein nit. Eytzing, Michael von, fl. News periodical for the 1st 7 months of , incl. Continvatio Epitomes, Das ist. Historica Praesentivm Temporvm Relatio. A news periodical, recording the events of to Sept. Die Thorheit der verdorbnen Welt in Neuen Fabeln vorgestellt.
Christian Sigmund Froberg,; 4. The engravings of the heroes on horseback, by Joh. Alexander Boener, numbered to correspond to the page on which each one of them is celebrated in a poem by S. F[itzner], H[einrich], d. Dated at end of pt. Part 4 with a brief autobiography The fictive frame is dated For the anonymous refutation see Jantz No. No modern bibliography offers any information about the literary side of this work. According to Herdegen, p. According to a later catalogue of the heirs of Weigel, however, the Viennese Jesuit, Paul Hansiz , wrote the Latin quatrains.
For the remaining plates, see von Faber No. Fabriciis, Weipartus Ludovicus de, fl. Fabricius, Georg of Chemnitz Virorum illustrium, seu Historiae sacrae: Fabricius, Johann Albert, Cotton Mather's Christian Philosopher. Benjamin Schiller Christian Albrecht Pfeiffer. Christoph Kisner; 3 vols. Hydrotheologie Oder Versuch, durch. Der Wasser, die Menschen zur Memoriae Hamburgenses, sive Hamburgi, Et Virorum. Physicotheologie, Oder Natur-Leitung zu Gott. Fabricius, Johann Albert, , ed. Fabricius, Johann Ludwig, De Limitibus Obsequij erga Homines.
Apologeticus pro Genere Humano contra Atheismi Calumniam. Meditatio de Controversia circa Personam Christi inter Evangelicos agitata. Interesting prefatory remarks on the hostility aroused by a publication of his on the drama 18 years earlier, with mention of [Gryphius'] Majuma. Gottfried Freytag, Helmstedt, pr.
Two further parts appeared , Cosmotheoria Sacra Heilige Welt-Betrachtung. Letters addressed to Caldenbach, Lund, Titz, among others. A brief tragedy, Themistocles Septem Avcti Sapientise Splendores. Matthaeus Rictius [Rickhes], [chronogr. Also several interesting popular songs.
Unglaubliche Begegnungen: Kurzgeschichten (German Edition)
Curieuse Nachricht Von denen. Von Herrn de Cize. Hundert Vier und Viertzigste Entrevue IX are a catalog of books for sale by Deer. Another defective copy of vol. V lacking 4 leaves has variant generally 1st issues of 11 of the 16 parts. On Kyau see Sanftleben, Jantz Nos. A storehouse of anecdotes characteristic of the times; For Jantz No.
Renegaten, Grafen von Bonneval The engraved vignette portrait is by C. Latin by author; almost entirely in verse. Author's name elsewhere spelled Feichtner. Fehlau was the editor of the work, not the engraver. Rist, who actually is the author of at least a dozen of the other poems. Of the 3 poetic appendices, the 1st contains the rhymes of Joh. Feigius, Johann Constantin, ca. Gedancken von der Opera. Commendatory poems at end. Sinnreiche Wercke und Gedichte.
Cats, Jacob, ; 4 pts. Spiegel der alten und neuen Zeit; part 4: Trau-Ring marriage stories , sammt This quarto engraving is of finer quality than the octavo engraving, here appended, which may have been excerpted from a book; it is taken from the same original drawing or painting, but has a different six-line epigram by Feller, beginning: Buchneri in labris Romana atq; Attica Peitho. De Intolerabili Fastu Criticorum Qvorundam With a concluding poem.
Erbauliche und angenehme Geschichten derer Chiqvitos. Interesting preface by the anon. Feuchten, Jacob, Bishop of Bamberg. Feuerlein, Georg Christoph, Feuerlein, Jacob Wilhelm, Feuerlein, Johann Georg Christoph, fl. In opposition to van Helmont's view that man's reason was beclouded by the Fall, F. Figulus, Benedict, d. It has not been noticed that the first tract, Liber Apocalypseos Hermetis Ein newer Gebenedeyter Philosophischer Rosengart.
Poetic tribute by Joh. Finx, Ernst; Finx, Joachim Christoph, fl. Part 1 in alexandrines, part 2 in trochaic 6-line stanzas. Joachim Christoph Finx is known for 3 other literary works, but this one is apparently unrecorded. Philosophia Peripatetica Austriacorum Caesarum Symbolis adumbrata.
University Press at St. De Groos after I. A portrait of each of the Hapsburg emperors. Academic exercises for Christoph Franciscus Volckman. Wier's book against trials for witchcraft. Added German treatise on judicial procedures, dated Frankfurt, 1 Sept. Text complete; introduction printed more economically, on 16 pages instead of the 22 of the preceding edition, see Jantz, No. A begins on page Nouae Tobiae Stimmeri Sacrorvm Bibliorvm figurae. Interleaved as an autograph album for Laurentius Halenbecus, Univ. The canonization came two years later. Oder Cyrillus Und Methudius.
Fischlin, Ludwig Melchior, Memoria Theologorum Wirtembergensium Resuscitata, h. Fitzing von Fitzingsheim, Johann Heinrich, d. Archi Trivmphalis Avstriae Cvrrvs, Das ist: Epithalamisches Emblema, Das ist: Hochzeitlicher Applausus vnd Sinnen-Gedicht. The "Vorrede" consists of a "Lob-Lied" with extensive notes. Flayder, Friedrich Hermann, fl.
Moralische und schertzhafte Gesundheiten zu einem angenehmen und erlaubten Zeitvertreibe gesammlet. Martinvs Lvthervs Theologiae Doctor. Many verse tributes by the poets of the day. Fludd, Robert, ; Pisis, H. Calendar of the historic events, esp. Austrian, for each day of the year, with a poem for each month. Forchondt presided at the commencement. But the persistent claim that Forchondt was a pseudonym for Koller is clearly erroneous,; These were two different equally real men, but there is a confusion in the attribution of their works.
These were two different equally real men, but there is a confusion in the attribution of their works. Theatron Christianae Ivventvtis Novvm. Vrsi Vltores Elisaei Tragoedia, 2. Rist, Hamburg, then Frankfurt, For the Frankfurt publisher Francisci continued the series from the 7th to the 12th month. The noblest steed is a snow-white or dapple Agstein-farbnes horse, well trained, from Persia; For Jantz No.
The noblest revenge is forgiving one's enemies; For Jantz No. Die Brennende Lampen der Klugen. Hymn with music Matthaeus was the pseudonym for Joh. Jacob Zimmermann , mathematican, astronomer, mystic, follower of Jacob Boehme, died in Rotterdam, on his way to Pennsylvania with a group of which Joh. Kelpius then became the leader; For Jantz No. Das Ehr- und Freuden-reiche Wol der Ewigkeit. Plate 29 depicts the American granadilla or passion flower; For Jantz No. II ; oder Steigen und Fallen grosser Herren D; For Jantz No. More than half the engraved plates are partially or wholly devoted to America; For Jantz No.