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Dynamos: Lecture Notes of the Les Houches Summer School 2007
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Amazon Music Stream millions of songs. Amazon Advertising Find, attract, and engage customers. Amazon Drive Cloud storage from Amazon. What is a quantum machine? Can we say that lasers and transistors are quantum machines?
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After all, physicists advertise these devices as the two main spin-offs of the understanding of quantum physics. However, while quantum mechanics must be used to predict the wavelength of a laser and the operation voltage of a transistor, it does not intervene at the level of the signals processed by these systems. Signals involve macroscopic collective variables such as voltages and currents in a circuit or the amplitude of the oscillating electric field in an electromagnetic cavity resonator.
In a true quantum machine, the signal collective variables, which both inform the outside on the state of the machine and receive controlling instructions, must themselves be treated as quantum operators, just like the position of the electron in a hydrogen atom. Quantum superconducting circuits, quantum dots, and quantum nanomechanical resonators satisfy the definition of quantum machines. These mesoscopic systems exhibit a few collective dynamical variables, whose fluctuations are well within the quantum regime and whose measurement is essentially limited in precision by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
Other engineered quantum systems based on natural, rather than artificial, degrees of freedom can also qualify as quantum machines: This book provides the basic knowledge needed to understand and investigate the physics of these novel systems.
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Provides a pedagogical introduction to topics in Dynamos. Addresses each topic from the basis to the most recent developments. Covers the lectures by internationally-renowned and leading experts.
Cugliandolo, L. F. (Leticia F.) [WorldCat Identities]
Advanced data assimilation for geosciences: Data assimilation aims at determining as accurately as possible the state of a dynamical system by combining heterogeneous sources of information in an optimal way. From molecule to living organisms: Stochastic processes and random matrices: Lecture notes of the Les Houches Summer School: Matrix models have been playing an important role in theoretical physics for a long time and are currently also a very active domain of research in mathematics.
Strongly interacting quantum systems out of equilibrium: On the solid state front, high intensity short-timepulses and fast femtosecond probes allow solids to be put into highly excited states and probed before relaxation and dissipation occur. Experimental developments are matched by progress in theoretical techniques ranging from exact solutions of strongly interacting nonequilibrium models to newapproaches to nonequilibrium numerics.