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Comfrey: Topical rescue from a skin-healing plant
The Bottom Line Store. If you've ever had a sprained ankle, a black-and-blue bruise, a nasty wound or an aching back and who hasn't? Even though they're not life threatening, they can make your days miserable with throbbing pain that seems to take forever to go away. Throughout the ages, we've endured the pain of these injuries unaware that we could find quick relief with an amazingly potent herb that was close at hand: Menu Search My Account. Account Wishlist Log In. The pyrrolizidine alkaloids echimidine and symlandine are not found in S.
Nowadays, only pyrrolizidine-depleted or pyrrolizidine-free extracts are used in proprietary medicinal products. Special cultivars are also used Schmidt, The therapeutic properties of comfrey are based on its antiinflammatory and analgesic effects. Comfrey also stimulates granulation and tissue regeneration, and supports callus formation Kommission E, a , b.
However, the key activity-determining constituents of comfrey extracts and its molecular mechanisms of action have not been completely elucidated. Allantoin and rosmarinic acid are probably of central importance to its pharmacodynamic effects Andres et al. No clinical-pharmacokinetic investigation results in humans have been published so far on the absorption, distribution and elimination of the constituents of comfrey extracts.
Rosmarinic acid has been shown to possess antiinflammatory activity in various test systems. It inhibits the formation of malondialdehyde in human platelets Gracza et al. An orally administered aqueous comfrey root extract inhibited carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema Hiermann and Writzel, Antiinflammatory properties of a dry extract from comfrey root were also demonstrated in rats with induced paw oedema Shipochliev et al. Both inhibited shrinkage of the collagen matrix van den Dungen et al. Besides the comfrey roots, all the parts of the plant that grow above ground Symphyti herba or the leaves Symphyti folium are also utilized for medical purposes Schmidt, The indications for which randomized clinical trials of ointments containing these kinds of extracts have been conducted include wound healing, myalgia and acute ankle joint distortions.
The randomized, double-blind clinical trial included patients verum: From linear regression time to complete healing was determined to be 2. The physicians rated efficacy as good to very good in A subgroup analysis found no significant influence of abrasion area, gender or age on healing effects, albeit that a tendency towards better effects with increasing age was observed. No adverse effects or problems with drug tolerability were observed. This double-blind, reference-controlled, randomized, multicentre trial included patients with pain in the lower and upper back.
The primary efficacy parameter was pain in motion, assessed with the aid of a visual analogue scale. Secondary efficacy parameters included pain at rest, pain on palpation and functional impairment.
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A number needed to treat of 3. Tolerability of the highly concentrated study product was reported good to excellent in all patients.
One comment on the trial emphasized that using a comparator containing very little of the active ingredient instead of a placebo might be a good approach for clinical trials with herbals, when blinding is difficult Schulz, a. Several open and post-marketing surveillance studies have also been published. A recent study also included children 4 to 12 yr of age. However, some of the studies are uncontrolled and older than 15 yr.
The symptoms pain on palpitation, pain in motion, functional impairment, oedema and haematoma were included in the evaluation.
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The average duration of the administration of the trial sample was 7. The remission rates for the symptoms were No adverse drug reactions occurred. In another open uncontrolled study, the efficacy of the same registered drug containing comfrey herb extract was tested on patients suffering from locomotor system symptoms Kucera et al. The cream was applied twice daily.
Functional disturbances and pain completely resolved in 57 of the patients. A further 24 patients achieved normalization of function with continued moderately severe pain. Moderate improvement occurred in 21 patients, and three patients reported no improvement in their condition. Muscle pain proved most amenable to treatment with the cream, swelling and overstrain also responded well. The treatment was less efficacious against pain accompanying osteoporosis. In a study involving 30 patients, the effect of the same preparation was assessed in the treatment of acute supraspinatus tendon syndrome Mayer, The ointment was combined in the form of a supplementary percutaneous therapy with local infiltration therapy during the 3-week control period.
Compared with the control group, the ointment containing comfrey extracts proved to have a significantly superior effect with regard to the reduction of pain and the associated functional restrictions. The ointment containing comfrey herb extract was also used to treat 22 additional patients suffering from acute contusions and distortions of the knee joint, and the following clinical symptoms were measured afterwards: Application of the ointment resulted in a significant alleviation of pain after only 4 days of treatment. All patients were completely pain-free after 10—14 days. In a 2-week controlled study, the effect of the same ointment was compared with conventional cryotherapy in treating patients with acute ankle joint distortion Mayer, Test criteria in this study also included pain at rest, pain when moving and swelling.
Symptoms improved significantly quicker during comfrey treatment than during cryotherapy. Application of the ointment containing comfrey proved to be more compliance friendly than cryotherapy. In another study involving patients with acute contusions and strain traumas of the knee joint, efficacy was proven to be good or even very good and a significant therapeutic impact on the damaged joint became apparent Hess, Forty patients suffering from knee joint injuries, sprains and bruises were treated with ointment containing comfrey extract, achieving a significant reduction of pain pain at rest and on movement and swelling.
The mobility of the affected joint increased significantly. A further study examined the effect of an ointment containing Symphytum peregrinum extract in comparison with an active ingredient-free ointment base, i. The healing time when using ointment containing comfrey extract was significantly shorter than when applying comparative preparations.
The difference with regard to the active ingredient-free ointment base was statistically significant. The medicinal use of preparations from the underground parts of the plants Symphyti radix is well established. Relevant medicinal products are now marketed in more than 10 countries and the present licences include the topical treatment of pain, inflammation and swelling of muscles and joints in the case of degenerative arthritis, acute myalgia in the back, sprains, contusions and strains after sports injuries and accidents, also in children aged 3 and over.
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Corresponding randomized clinical trials and non-interventional studies studied the efficacy of comfrey root extract ointment for treatment of various muscle and joint complaints Staiger, , A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, randomized clinical trial with parallel group design was conducted over a period of 5 days Giannetti et al. One-hundred and twenty patients with acute upper or lower back pain were treated three times a day, 4 g per application.
They used either a verum cream containing comfrey root fluid extract 1: The trial included four visits and was performed at the German Sport University in Cologne Deutsche Sporthochschule and three additional ambulatory centres for orthopaedics and sports medicine. The pain intensity on VAS was assessed at performance of standardized, muscle group specific tests. The secondary objectives were back pain at rest using assessment by patient on VAS, pressure algometry pain—time curve; AUC over 5 days , global assessment of efficacy by the patient and the investigator, intake of analgesic medication and functional impairment measured with the Oswestry Disability Index.
There was a significant treatment difference between comfrey root extract and placebo regarding the primary and secondary variables.
The Healing Power of Trauma Comfrey: Soothe Injuries, Wounds, Back, Joint and Muscle Pain Naturally
The pain intensity on active standardized movement decreased on average median approximately Both the AUC of the reported back pain at rest, the AUC of the pressure algometry in the trigger point as well as the global assessment of the efficacy by the patients and the investigators showed a clinically relevant effect in reducing acute back pain.
For the first time, a fast-acting effect of the ointment 1 h was also observed. After 1 h the pain intensity had already decreased about A total of seven patients experienced adverse events in the course of the clinical trial, four in the comfrey extract group and three in the placebo group. All adverse events were of mild severity. One comment on the trial asked for more data in patients with different sorts of other back pain but admits that the results are relevant and topical treatment is increasingly considered as a serious treatment option Rannou, The same cream was investigated in a randomized, double-blind trial including patients suffering from painful osteoarthritis of the knee Grube et al.
All patients met the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology and received 2 g of either the active or a corresponding placebo cream three times a day for 21 days. Pain, functional impairment and stiffness are the most important symptoms patients seek to relieve. Therefore, the primary target variable was the VAS sum score of pain at rest and pain on movement. During the course of the study, the total score of the primary target variable decreased by The secondary target criterion reduced by Most purchases from business sellers are protected by the Consumer Contract Regulations which give you the right to cancel the purchase within 14 days after the day you receive the item.
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