The New Testament and Ethics: A Book-by-Book Survey

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This convenient text utilizes material from the well-received Dictionary of Scripture and Ethics to introduce students to the use of the New Testament for moral formation. This handy and affordable book-by-book survey of the New Testament contains key articles written by leading scholars and targeted to the needs of the classroom.

It will serve as an excellent supplementar This convenient text utilizes material from the well-received Dictionary of Scripture and Ethics to introduce students to the use of the New Testament for moral formation. It will serve as an excellent supplementary text in New Testament courses. Paperback , pages.

To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about The New Testament and Ethics , please sign up. Be the first to ask a question about The New Testament and Ethics. Lists with This Book. This book is not yet featured on Listopia. Jordan Vetro rated it it was ok Sep 21, Brooks Robinson rated it really liked it Jan 25, Baker Academic added it Nov 15, Chelsea Small marked it as to-read Apr 15, The additional number reflects the splitting of several texts Kings , Samuel and Chronicles , Ezra—Nehemiah and the minor prophets into separate books in Christian bibles.

The books which are part of a Christian Old Testament but which are not part of the Hebrew canon are sometimes described as deuterocanonical. In general, Protestant Bibles do not include the deuterocanonical books in their canon, but some versions of Anglican and Lutheran bibles place such books in a separate section called Apocrypha. These extra books are ultimately derived from the earlier Greek Septuagint collection of the Hebrew scriptures and are also Jewish in origin. Some are also contained in the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Old Testament consists of many distinct books by various authors produced over a period of centuries.

The Old Testament contains 39 Protestant , 46 Catholic , or more Orthodox and other books, divided, very broadly, into the Pentateuch Torah , the historical books, the "wisdom" books and the prophets. The spelling and names in both the —10 Douay Old Testament and in the Rheims New Testament and the revision by Bishop Challoner the edition currently in print used by many Catholics, and the source of traditional Catholic spellings in English and in the Septuagint differ from those spellings and names used in modern editions which are derived from the Hebrew Masoretic text.

For the Orthodox canon , Septuagint titles are provided in parentheses when these differ from those editions. For the Catholic canon, the Douaic titles are provided in parentheses when these differ from those editions.

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Likewise, the King James Version references some of these books by the traditional spelling when referring to them in the New Testament, such as "Esaias" for Isaiah. In the spirit of ecumenism more recent Catholic translations e. The Talmud the Jewish commentary on the scriptures in Bava Batra 14b gives a different order for the books in Nevi'im and Ketuvim. The order of the books of the Torah is universal through all denominations of Judaism and Christianity.

The disputed books, included in one canon but not in others, are often called the Biblical apocrypha , a term that is sometimes used specifically to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canons that are absent from the Jewish Masoretic Text and most modern Protestant Bibles. Catholics, following the Canon of Trent , describe these books as deuterocanonical, while Greek Orthodox Christians, following the Synod of Jerusalem , use the traditional name of anagignoskomena , meaning "that which is to be read.

Several of the books in the Eastern Orthodox canon are also found in the appendix to the Latin Vulgate, formerly the official bible of the Roman Catholic Church. The first five books — Genesis , Exodus , Leviticus , book of Numbers and Deuteronomy — reached their present form in the Persian period — BC , and their authors were the elite of exilic returnees who controlled the Temple at that time.

There is a broad consensus among scholars that these originated as a single work the so-called " Deuteronomistic history " during the Babylonian exile of the 6th century BC. These history books make up around half the total content of the Old Testament.

Of the remainder, the books of the various prophets — Isaiah , Jeremiah , Ezekiel , and the twelve " minor prophets " — were written between the 8th and 6th centuries BC, with the exceptions of Jonah and Daniel , which were written much later. Proverbs possibly was completed by the Hellenistic time BC , though containing much older material as well; Job completed by the 6th century BC; Ecclesiastes by the 3rd century BC.

God is consistently depicted as the one who created the world. Although the God of the Old Testament is not consistently presented as the only God who exists , he is always depicted as the only God whom Israel is to worship , or the one "true God", that only Yahweh is Almighty, and both Jews and Christians have always interpreted the Bible both the "Old" and "New" Testaments as an affirmation of the oneness of Almighty God.

The Old Testament stresses the special relationship between God and his chosen people , Israel, but includes instructions for proselytes as well. This relationship is expressed in the biblical covenant contract between the two, received by Moses. The law codes in books such as Exodus and especially Deuteronomy are the terms of the contract: Israel swears faithfulness to God , and God swears to be Israel's special protector and supporter.

Further themes in the Old Testament include salvation , redemption , divine judgment , obedience and disobedience, faith and faithfulness, among others. Throughout there is a strong emphasis on ethics and ritual purity , both of which God demands, although some of the prophets and wisdom writers seem to question this, arguing that God demands social justice above purity, and perhaps does not even care about purity at all. The Old Testament's moral code enjoins fairness, intervention on behalf of the vulnerable, and the duty of those in power to administer justice righteously.

It forbids murder, bribery and corruption, deceitful trading, and many sexual misdemeanors. All morality is traced back to God, who is the source of all goodness. The problem of evil plays a large part in the Old Testament. The problem the Old Testament authors faced was that a good God must have had just reason for bringing disaster meaning notably, but not only, the Babylonian exile upon his people. The theme is played out, with many variations, in books as different as the histories of Kings and Chronicles, the prophets like Ezekiel and Jeremiah, and in the wisdom books like Job and Ecclesiastes.

The process by which scriptures became canons and Bibles was a long one, and its complexities account for the many different Old Testaments which exist today.

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Lim, a professor of Hebrew Bible and Second Temple Judaism at the University of Edinburgh , identifies the Old Testament as "a collection of authoritative texts of apparently divine origin that went through a human process of writing and editing. By about the 5th century BC Jews saw the five books of the Torah the Old Testament Pentateuch as having authoritative status; by the 2nd century BC the Prophets had a similar status, although without quite the same level of respect as the Torah; beyond that, the Jewish scriptures were fluid, with different groups seeing authority in different books.

Hebrew texts commenced to be translated into Greek in Alexandria in about and continued until about BC. It varies in many places from the Masoretic Text and includes numerous books no longer considered canonical in some traditions: The Septuagint was originally used by Hellenized Jews whose knowledge of Greek was better than Hebrew. But the texts came to be used predominantly by gentile converts to Christianity and by the early Church as its scripture, Greek being the lingua franca of the early Church. However, the very obvious weakness is that as fallen human beings our capacity to understand the intentions of God are severely limited, thereby reducing the confidence in our ability to make good ethical decisions using this approach.

The weakness of the Narrative approach is such that it can provide an excuse for lazy or misguided ethical decisions because it allows for mistakes without there necessarily being any accountability. However, I personally have the greatest affinity for this particular approach to using Scripture to form a Christian ethic. This community learns to take the right things for granted, and on the basis of this faithfulness, it trusts itself to improvise within its tradition.

Living as the people of God Wright, and Christopher J. Cambridge University Press, The Drama of Christian Ethics London: This kind of training school approach that brings greater and greater maturity to the Christian, along with a greater ability to make good ethical judgements seems to also be captured in Hebrews 5: In summary, the six different ways in which people use the Bible in Christian ethics are the Legal approach, the Idealist approach, the Analogical approach, the Confessional approach, the Theocentric approach, and the Narrative approach.

None of these approaches can claim to be the correct approach as they all have their various weaknesses and strengths, however, of all these approaches, it is the Narrative approach which I find to be most convincing. The reason for this, is because it seems to be the approach which most relies upon the grace of God and is most consistent with the freedom we have in Christ.

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Bibliography Banner, Michael C. Christian Ethics and Contemporary Moral Problems. Kennedy, and Allen Verhey. The New Testament and Ethics: The Old Testament and Ethics: Groundwork of Christian Ethics. Issues Facing Christians Today. The Drama of Christian Ethics. Walking in the ways of the Lord Wright. Old Testament Ethics for the People of God. Remember me on this computer.

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