Oh, oh, Bruno said, you will enjoy her. There for thee, Ex. Si'c its impersonal sisjnilications underneath among the pronouns of the third person. Ed ordindrono che essa, e la f ante fdsser la notte da' fratelli portute a Fiienze , ed essi sopra una tuvola acconcidtele studiosamente vi se le portdrono.
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And they resolved that in the night both her and her maid should be conveyed by their brothers to Florence, who having laid them upon a board, carried them themselves there very care- fully. Apply to the word them- selves of this sentence the same remark just before on the word himself. Simili cose e VII. Non so perch'i hosogni, cJi io il vi promitta, I don't know why it is necessary that I should promise it to you. Quista grdzia io ho ricevuta da vol senza doman- darlavi, I have received this favour from you without asking it of you.
Io le vi donerh volentu'ri, I shall willingly present them to you. It has the same significations as VI. Tcrbs without their piepositions, arc ical conjunctive pronouns. Se ve le volf'ssi tutte contdre, If I were willing to relate them all to you. Qiivsta prudva ve ne posso dare, I can give you this proof of it. See at SE, XV.
Obsekvatioks on il or lo, IX. Pronoun and on some of its conilnnafions tcitk other pro- nominal Particles. Whenever il and lo are articles, if is evident that they do not rome within the scope of this Lecture. When they are conjunctive pronouns, their meaning is per- fectly the same, so that only one example might liMve been suffi- cient for both of them to each of their combinations: IL alo77e is only put before verbs commencing with a conso- nant S impure excepted ; and it is only used in poetry or sublime prose.
IL, when in conjunction with other pronouns, preserves still its privilege of belonging solely to elevated compositions. LO, in cotijunctionwith other pronouns, is of the sublime style, ii prefixed to others, as the aste- risks will show. But, if subjoined to others, it is common to all styles. We have seen above, and we shall see it still better in the following list of combinations, that the pronouns me, te, se, ce, ne, ve, are found followed by one of the above two pronouns con- tracted in one word, thus: That according to the above Observation, n, 2.
That the above contracted IX. And that before verbs be- ginning with a vowel, in all styles, we must write the above pro- nouns with an apostrophe, and in two separate words thus: Now it appearing from Observation, n. Voi siettfelice, via io noji lo sonOj you are happy, but 1 am not so: Io lo disse ma voi non vii ca- piste, I said so j but you did not comprehend me. Min jtuflir il mi liotih. I would endeavour to get him from about vie. Chi ha pronto V ingcg. Ajfiiina- vasi fjuflla pdlvere solersi tisdre, jitdndo alciin volfvasi dormmdo vianddre neW altro viondo, o Irdrlonc, It was maintained that such powder was used when somebody wished to mmuI any body, in his sleep, in the other world, or take him from il.
As fortune led him there. Questamattfna mel fe sapere, This morning he communicated it to me. Tu non me lo credevi. You did not be- lieve it to me. Thou shalt see it thyself. In grandissima grdzia sel reputdva, He considered it a very great favour. And having caused him to be sent to himself, rebuked him most severely. If it be not improper, tell it to us.
Alia sua donna nel mandb a Pdvia, He sent him to his lady at Pavia. It appear- ed to her an indelicate thing to request him of it. Isabella una notte vel fece venire, Isabella one night made him come Ol. Con poche porule ve lo inttiido dimostrdre, I mean to prove it to you in a few words. Nothing more strange than what we read in many grammars with respect to the pretended difterenceof use and signitication between the pronouns gli and LI ; some affirniiug the first to be dative singuhir, and the other accusative plural; others that gli should precede a vowel, and li a consonant.
Lei, therefore, the student remain assured that these two particles are perfectly the same, and their use quite optional in all instances ; but gli, as Cl- nonio properly observes, has had the preference with most authors, and particularly among the less ancient ones. See at glib, XIII. GLI, or LI, in elegant com- jjositions, ought only to represent the third person singular mascu- line, and the same person in the plural ; but with this difference, that in the singular it should ex- press some of the ohlicpie cases, see notef , p.
Delta Crutca not excepted. Crestemlo ; one from D. But every combination will be exhibited double, as I have done in the preceding pronouns. Suffer me to draw near to him. In our wants we recom- mend ourselves io him. These autliors not ouly flouiislied ill tliat refined aue, the Xlllth century, but are the very best anKMit; the writers of that time ; so that whatever is repeatedly found in them can never be an ermr, particularly when countenanced by custom.
The same Focuhoiario gives'also the following four quotations of gli or li, in the sense to her ; viz. Tliou hast driven them from their habitation, place them in it again. The above example, however, is given more ditluselv by Ctnonio from Vilhuii. This will be better explained in the bubsctpient Lecture. II giii- dice se gWfece chiamare, e ih lor lisse, The judge ordered them to be sent to himself, and spoke to them thus.
Ma tuttdvia chenti die elli si su'no stdti i rimbrdtti da lui a me dctti, io non voglio, che ce li rechidmo, se non come da uno ubbridco, But, nevertheless, whatever the rebukes hnve been which he has made me, I do not intend that we should take them upon ourselves otherwise than coming from a drunkard. I have there- fore adapted to it a passage from G. And, indeed, the rebukes cast by ylrriguccio upon SisrAonda tended to insult her brothers as well as herself. So that she could have expressed herself, as above, equally as well as we read in the text, to repulse slyly, as she did, the just accusations of her husband.
See likewise Pitlimi- tuiry Observntion V. Togli, noi la ti didnw, Take it, we give her to thee. He found that the usurers had stolen the chest, and put it in their own Louse. Riccidrdo con molte pardle la vi confermb su, Richard, with many words, confirmed her in that. Essnidole diveniito uemico, me la conviene in ]U 'sla guisa seguildre, Having become her enemy, it is incum- bent u] un me to puisne her thus. She is iucb as I represented her to thee. Egli del tutto se la spoglih, He tutally took it from himself. Che avrem noi a fare altro, se non viettercela nella scarsdla?
What else shall we have to do, but put it in our pocket? Of her for it, Ex.
Piumini da canto : per coro a una e a due voci bianche
See this combination at SE, XI. See this combination esta- blished on those rules of analogy explained in Preliminary Obser- vation V. Of her, to her, from her, on her, over her, about her, with her, off her, by her, in her, for her. Apply here the same observation as at GLI, X. The same may be. Thus, for instance, speaking of one or more pictures ; if we want to say, give toil, or in them a darker shade, we may with great propriety, allude to all gendeis and numbers by saying Dalevi, or Dalcci un omhra piu cupa.
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But if the suhject of the painting were a hou: Do not reject Ibrtunc, go thyself to Iitr. Cod fatte cose ciasciiii convu'n, che le si procdccl, Such things every one must procure them for him- self. See exemplification and remark at CI. To her of it. Covie to le vi porgo, As I present them to you. For her there us. Nnino conusco, che far me le possn ever se non voi, I know nobody that can procure them for me but you. Ex Ln per- st'iiKi le raceuntera, crednitUt'. The person culiiic or of tliL- fi.
Of it to her. Corsa ad un alloro ne le fece una ghirldnda, Running to a laurel, she made her a garland out of it. In such cases the English personal pronouns may be looked upon as conjunctive. See exemplification and remark at CE, IV. See this combination at SE, XV. Custom, and the delicacy of the Italian language not al- lowing to join these four pro- nouns, GLi, LO, LA, and LE to- gether, neither two by two, nor otherwise ; and, on the other hand, their various meanings, above enumerated, coming often together in the same sentence, the two following expedients have been resorted to, in order to render their union practicable and harmonious.
Boccace, and the best wri- ters, have added an E to GLI, and made GLIE, to which hav- ing joined LE, the compound pronoun GLIELE was formed, which they constantly employed indeclinable, to express the va- rious meanings that the following combinations of pronouns would have, if custom allowed them, v'lz. See above the explanation of all these pronouns. Also, instead of to, any other of those prepositions may be substituted which were given above to the singular mean- ings of gli or li. Other authors, e"ipcciidly the moderns, have preservfd glie indeclinable, to express either to him, or to her, but they have joined to it either lo, la, li, or LE, according to the things or persons aUuded lo being singidar or plural, masculine or feminine.
See, therefore, all the meanings of LO and la, and all the plural meanings of LI and le. We find also Gi. In which case observe, 1. That sometimes we XIII. Having pointed out, in the preceding observations, all the significations of the pronouns joined to Glie, or given references where they are to be found, no other sign;6cation will be assigned to the following enumeration of their combinations with glie, but that which is contained in the annexed example, as it has been ] rHCtiscd throughout this Lec- ture.
IT IS only prefixed tih;s: Rese grd- zie at compare, ehe glielo uvea guarito. He returned thanks to his fiiend who had cured him. It is sometimes written thus ii steail of gliclo, or gliela, before vowels. Se spaccidr voile le cose sue, gliele convi'nne gettdr via, If he wished to sell bis goods, it was necessary for him to tlirow them away almost for nothing. In bim for bim ; tbem from hence. VecUndo V iiumo la scniplicita del fanciullo, gliene i7e? Amen- ddni gli fece piglidre a tre svoi servitori, e ad un sua castello legdti moiargliene. He caused them both to be taken by three of his servants, and to be con- ducted both of them from hence to one of his castles.
It is both inharmonious and ungranimatical to put either be- fore or after gliene, or any other of tbe combinations of i;7je, any conjunctive pronoun whatever. And, indeed, you are not now-a-days such a child: We shall therefore omit all those combinations given by Ci- nonio, which could not take place when si has a pronominal mean- ing.
The Academicians, however, who were so scrupulous in ascertain- ing the true leadings of the classics, have tpioted this ex- ample of Cinonin, at? See Ob- servatinu, n. Observe to nie cannot be well introduced here in English. Qual Judco acceso ci si fe lucre, 1 he air showed itself to us like a kindled fire. Quasi come se davdnti il si vedtsse. As if he saw him before himself. To it one inipersonallij. Ex, Se paradiso si potesse in terra fare non sapevano die altra forma gli si potesse dare. Egli la sposh, e a casa la si menh.
He married her, and brought her to his own house. Yet ibeir custom of saying gli si, when gli refers to llie femi- nine pliiial, instead of le d, if le be accusative, or loro si, if any other case, is utterly unwanatitahlc, and a gross solecism. The particles vi an.
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Wlien conjunctive pronoim it has he same signitication as SI, which see above ; but if used alone, it becomes personal ; and, as conjunctive, Thus he got her removed from himself, that is, got rid of her. Ella se iiel porta sotterra, e 'n lii'h. C3" The ahove line of the sonnet of Pclrarra, is thus read by the learned librarian of the Medicean Library at Flo- rence, on the authority of many and invaluable MSS. We are therefore autiiorized to enumerate se iiel, or its synonimous se ne lo, among the grammatical combinations of the conjunctive pronoinis ; al- though not noticed by Cinonio.
Qudiite cose gli si promi'llono tut to il Ci, chc lion se ne gli uttinie vidua, G. And having found by the great peach tree the two capons, wine, and eggs, he carried them himself thence to his own house. Himself from thence home. Ex, Da capo sposb la giovdne, e con gran festa se ne la meno a casa, He repeated the ceremony of his marriage with the young woman, and he took her himself from thence home.
Themselves from thence them. And if Cy77ion and Lysimachus, in G, 5. When NE stands after ano- ther of these pronominal particles me, te, se, ce, ve, they are some- times found written in one word, thus, men, ten, sen, cen, ven, in- stead of me ne, te ne, se ne, ce ne, ve ne, and it is obvious that their meaning must be respec- tively the same, but their use is as follows. Men, ten, cen, sen, ven, are only thus written before verbs commencing by consonants, 6' impure excepted, and they are used in the sublime or poetical style only, as the asterisks will show in the following exemplifi- cation.
Me ne, te ne, se ne, ce ne, ve ne, are used before verbs com- mencing with any of the conso- nants, both in the familiar and the elevated style ; but when S impure follows, they can in no instance be written other- wise. Before verbs commencins by a vowel, the same pronouns may be written as above at n. See tlic important remark after the siijnificatioi of SE.
Hence it ; thence him. Quel forzierc vdgliu chr sia vostro, acciocche nelle vostre contrddc ncl possidte portdre, 1 am willing that the chest be yours, that you may carry it liencc into your own country. You ought to have sent him thence away as you did. Lo J Some to liim. Canigiano having lent some to him, Sec. Alia sua casa ne la phrldrono. They brouglit her thence to her own house.
Ella pregb Chirhi'bhio die nc le d ;sse una cdscia, She intreated Chichibbio to give her a leg of it. La Contcssa corU'Scmt'ntc lo ne riniandb in suo jiacse. The Countess kindly re- manded him hence to his own country. La donna ad una lor pos-sesnioju: II 1 XVI. See also Obser- vation n. Ancur non me ne pento, I don't yet repent myself of it. See, on this subject, the VI. Prelimi- nary Observation of this Lecture.
Dio vittdria te ne promette, God promise to thee a victory over them. La gente se ne va, The people take themselves from hence. Andidmo- cene subitamente, Let us take ourselves off directly. Voi ve ne potete scendere in can- tina. You may take yourselves from hence into the cellar. Sicuramtnte gli elite, cli io sia stata quella, che qutsto vi dhbia detto, e siomivene doluta, You may freely tell him that it was I who told you so, and that I have myself complained toith you of it! Jo ii farb conoscere la qualita delle case degl' IiUh'i, dclle judli ninna parte mi se ne occulta, I shall show you what the abodes of the gods are, for there is no part of thcni that remains occult to me.
E a tc nc fart' mo an cor a rptell' ondre, che ti se ne conviene. IWit if lirnno and linjf. Prese Ansiona figliuola del detto Re Laumedone, e menolasene in Grecia. He took Ansiona, daughter of the said King Lau- medone, and took her himself from thence into Greece. The plural significations of tliese pronouns arc very common, and many instances have been given in the examples above, where we have fully explained each of them respectively in the order of their Rom.
Jiut, to know with what restric- tions they express the plural, see in particular Observation, n. This pronoun vciy seldom re- presents the p! I might here forbear giving any example, tbat of my own, in vole i , at LE, XM. Clnonio quotes the Fiammetta of Boccaccio as follows: In the beautiful description of the gardens, at the beginning of G. Le luiora delle qudli vie tntte di rosdi hianchi, evermigli, e di gelsomini erano quasi cliiuse, per le qudli cosenonchelamattma, ma qualdra ilsole era piu alto, sotto odorffera, e dilettevole ombra, senza esser tocco da quello, vi si potha per iuito anddre.
The plural significations of these are as common as the sin- gular ones. See their combina- tions and examples above where their Roman figures direct. We would say, for instance, Lascidte una volta cott'sti campi, e venitevene alia citta. Leave once for ever those fields, and come from thence that is, from those fields , to town. Many wouhl ex- clude it from the class of the cnnjunctive ; but, in ioiiir so, we could not tind a conjunctive pronoun, thu could express most of the ol li ]ue cases, and particu- larly the ilat'ice to the plural number, especially for animate beiu'js, of which we distinguish the sex, or fur real persons.
This is not, iiowever, the true reason why we should admit LORO as conjunctive in n any cases. To stand close to tl: Senipre ro' pdveri di Dio qiu'llo, die ho gua- daguato, ho parttto per mezzo, la mia intta convertendo ne' inu'i iisdgni, C altru meta dando loro, 1 have always divided with the poor of God whatever 1 have earned, one half applying it to my own wants, and giving the other half to them. ISec tlic same note [gj, p. A peculiarity of this pronoun, which is exclusively its own, and not common to any of the other conjunctive pronominal particles, is, as was observed in the pre- ceding Lecture, p.
Nay, it seldom keeps on the same side of the verb, when there is in the same sentence some of these pronouns, as was hinted at the same p. Let such men turn me away whenever I ask them some mean- ing bread. Essi vientono, per- XVII. Where we see, that while ne and le stand before the verb, loro is after 5 which would never be the case with any other conjunctive particles. But this peculiarity is not a proof of its 7iot being a conjunc- tive pronoun, since what occa- sions it, is rather that loro is a dissyllable, and all other con- junctive pronouns arc mono- syllables.
Observe also that several of the above examples, and an in- finity of others, prove how mis- taken Veneroni and other gram- marians have been, who have maintained that i-ouo follows al- ways the verb, when conjunctive. Loro not associating, as we have said, with any other con- junctive particle, and often not keeping on the same side of the verb, when there are some in the same sentence, it remains impos- sible to subjoin here its combi- nations, and for this very reason CiNONio could not give any.
On the Possessive Pronouns. They are as follows. For a clearer explanation of these pronouns, we shall here divide them into three classes, viz. The conjuneti'ce are those which are united to nouns ; as, il wio libra. Examples on the Conjunctive. Your house and mine 5. Examples on the Disjunctive. Dalle vostre case, e dalle mie From, or by, 8: Examples on the Relative.
In fact, let us cliangt' the verb, atul suppose we would say, Our friends refused our goot. Thy horses and thy dofjs are very jjood ; my action is not cari'illo cane sono buono ; non blameable; their watch isahvaysout oforder ; their affairs are biashuLiolt ; oriitolo va sempre male ; nfjdre sono ina bad state ; yourlove is false; ourhouseis finer thanyours; incatliio stalo ; amorv cfinto ; casa hello his coach is not liandsonie ; my friends and yours ; your carrozza hillo umico ijarden is larijer than mine: We aKo said, in tin singular ; because the llxeeplion does not hold: But suppose the possessive pronoun is transposed, and phiced alter the substantive, in that case we must, with an article, say, la Maestd Sua ; it fratcllo suo ; il padre mio ; which is not usual.
See the display of these pronouns at the beginning of this Lecture. Recollect here what has been said at the end of Lecture X. Vo- signoria, or lor Signori, or Signori, or Signore, see p. The following expressions, viz. In English, and sometimes in French, the possessive pronouns are more frequently used in a sentence than in Italian, as may be seen by the following phrases, 1. You will do that dX your lei- sure. He has lost his liberty. Put on your hat.
Being arrived with his wife, his children, and his friends. In all these cases, as well as in many others, the possessive pronoun is suppressed in our language, as, 1. Voi la farete con comodo. Egli ha perdido lalibertd. Mettelevi in capo Heap- jpcUo. Indeed it would be better Italian to put a conjunctive particle to all the others, the 5th only except- ed, and say, "-J. Voi xc lo farcte, 8jc.
The ] octs, for the sake of rhyme, often use tiii and sui, instead of tuui, suoi. I'ray do not expose the object of thy sweet alVec- tions to the hatred and the insults of others. No one is guilty, if it is enough to bring the examples of others for a defence of one's own ciiincs. Some languages, and chiefly the English, as has been hinted, at p.
Fgli la mandb ad ueei- d r sua padre, or il padre di hii: Yet we have seen above, p. But its most perfect pronominal meaning takes place when we use the possessive pronoun in maxims, aphorisms, or moral sentences. A man must fuHil his duties, X' uomo deve adevipiere i proprj doxeri. On the Demonstrative Pronouns.
They are as follows: Qitislo Cotcslo Quel Qucsli Co'.
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To make a proper use of each of tliem. I I'cliarci ami U. This house of mine is very snug ; cotesta xostra scdtola e molto hella, that box of yours is very hand- some ; quelle sue fibbie sono alia moda, those buckles of his are fashionable; supposing all these things near their pos- sessors: Thisand the foiegoing example piove,. Ve, niicht ; often loses its first 8Yllal le, and is incorporated with those words: It is the very same with crx-i, or cela of the French.
This horse goes not well. These ladies iirc niulto. These sentlemen seem to be foreijiners. These girls have a very bad character, and inclindlo virtu giovane han? H e that came this morning. He that told you Jmperatore e venuto mottina disse such a thing. She that gave me your letter. That which you tal co5a diede Icltera look for. He whom you have recommended. On the Relative and Intcrroiralixe Pronouns. Relative pronouns are those which relate to a person or thing before mentioned. It is evident that such pronouns cannot concern the first or the second person.
They belong, therefore, to the third person, and are the following. The same pronouns are called Interrngotive, whenever they are used in ashing questions, as we shall see hereafter. Sec llic remarks, n. Remarks on these Pronouns. Chi is often a kind of iiule iiu o, or a general relative pronoun in sententious phrases, and siiinifies. Chi iradisce V amieo, mcriln la morte ; who, or he that, or whoever betrays his friend, deserves death. Chi itiol veder qiuintihique pub natiira E 7 eicf trti noi.
Vinea ehi t-uol, indifff rente io sono, Melast Conquer wlio will, 1 am in- did'erent. Chi sometimes means some, and then it is an indefinite pronoun: Wufu whom I have received tiie gill. Che, however, with the definite article, never relates to a person,or thing, but to an action, and means la qudl cosa; as, egli voile esporsi a quel pericolo ; il che, viz.
Che is very often equivalent to the English pronoun Zijhat ; as io solo so che pena soffro, I alone know what pain I sutler ; vedete che bclla donna! Che is sometimes synonymous with cosa ; as, e tin gran che, viz. Cui,as has been said, at n. I iiave taken this remark away, since such an ortho- graphy is not to be followed. Some wont into the country, some liere, and some there, in a very poor dress. Vain hopes on which I used to live. The sound of those sighs with which 1 fed my Heart in my first youthful errors. Alexander who found the earth too little. He is a person to wliom 1 am much obliged.
The rewards which are promised. The ven7ii ricompcnsa promesso books which you have printed. Which grieves me very much. Of which I was so pleased. The predictions to which you mi compiactca tanto predizione o-ivecredit. Which sometimes makesher bold. The girl who dalefede alle volte rende ardito ragdzza brought me your letter. The man who struck you without jjortb lettcra uomo percosse senza mercy. Fortune, from which I have received many injuries. Gold is a dendro e stato manddto ieri oro metal that helps us in all our wants.
What a beautiful flower! This is not a great thing. It will be of some use to the learner to attend to the translation of the following manners of speaking, viz. H They are the very same as the Relative ,- see them above n. They admit of the articles, di, a, da, and are of both genders. Chi is used only in speakingof persons for both genders and numbers ; as, chi e la? Let the student h oU for tlieni in their place above, n. Chi is never curtailed; as, chi incomincia?
Quale is curtailed in the same instances in which all the adjectives are. Where shall I turn if not to you? We might also say, a chi. What trade are unmo viestiere you? What do you say: What do you want? What will you fate dite xolete volete drink? Which of these two horses do you like best? Which is the way to go to axele nuova strada per anddre London?
Some laugh, some cry. On the Indefinite Pronouns. Most of these pronouns are declined like adjectives: We say, for instance, qualche cosa, or qmdche Signore, some thing-, or some g-entleman ; qualsivoglia lihro, or qualsivuglia persona, any book what- ever, or any gentleman whatever: Take notice that Og77i is never abridged in prose, though followed by a noun that begins with a vowel ; it can only be incorporated with the words nno, una, ora ; as, ognuno, ognima, every one ; ognbra, every hour.
Ogni, being indeclinable, cannot be used before nouns of the plural number, except before numeral numbers ; as, ogni sei anni, every six years; og7ii due mesi, every two months. Every man lias his fault. Virtue is esteemed by all uien, La lirtu t slimdta da tuHi gli iiumini ; not dagli tulli uomini.
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The pronouns declined as adjectives are the following:: Tutlo, tulla, ludi, tutte, all. In altro, un allra, another. Gli uni, Ic une, the ones, some, or the former. Alciino, alcuna, alcuni, alcune, some. Remarhs on these Pronouns. Sembidnte facendo di rider d'' a! Altri is sometimes a substantive, and is used for the nominative case of the singular ; as, altri pidnge, altri ride, one weeps, another laughs ; or, some weep, some laugh. Altrui, with the definite article, means other people's property ; as, non bisogna desiderdre V altrui, viz. All may be translated in Italian either by tutto, or by poni.
Let my will be like fate. It is an intamons paper, which, not reason, hut the baseness of oiliers, con- ceived and dictated. These pronouns are always negative, either with or without tlie negation uon ,- witli this distinction, however, that they must precede the verb to adopt them without the negative ; for if they are after the verb, the negative must be prefixed to it. Ncssuno parlb mCco, no one spoke witli me ; io nvn parldi con ncssuno, I spoke with nobody. All the men of tlie world. With all the uomo qucsto mondo terra women. Each or every one speaks of war. Tell this story to frutto pesca scoldro raccontdtc favola another.
Jive me some breakfast. One eats, another drinks. Whosoever parla libro makes a lie must be punished. It is one thing to make war inrcnta bugia dcvc cssere punito fare guerra with the pen, and another to make it with the sword. They prnna spada waste jlhcr people's property. The reason is, that we have dif- ferent terminations for the persons of the tenses throughout all the Italian verbs, some few excepted in two tenses, as will be seen in the conjugations of verbs.
But no one greeted him more graciously tban tbe Maxxrbesa Isabella, who had anived in bot baste from M at King Louis s uigent entreaty. A splendid banquet given by his friend Cardinal Ippolito concluded tbe festivities, and tben Baldassare inade bis way back to Urbino, where he found tbe Duke and ail his household in tbe best of bealth and spirits. The arrears of salary due to him were promptly paid, bis anxieties were allayed for tbe moment, and he could enjoy the company of his friends and tbe pleasant summer weather without a care. The severe winter was succeeded by great beats in the spring and sununer.
That year harvest begaii ou the 26th of May in the vivlley of La Foglia, and, by the Ist of June, was in full swing throughout the country. Soon the wells began to fail, and water had to be bought in the town. The meadows were burnt up, and the vintage was so scanty that wine had to be mixed with three parts of water, and cider and peny were largely drunk, pears and apples being the only fruits that were plentiful. Every one suffered, but none the less, adds the chronicler, people ' were very well in hcalth.
AU tlirough November roses bloouied in abundance and attar of [roses was distilled from their leaves ; strawberries and mulberries ripened in December, to the wonder of ail who saw them. Fortunately the second harvest was better than the first, and by the end of the year the price of corn fell to its normal level. Ail ihrough the summer distingui-shed guests came and went. The Popes visits had attracted univcrsal [attention, and the eyes of ail Europe were fixed upon Urbino. Anothcr still more illustrious was expected, as we Icarn froin scveral passages the letters of Eli.
This deciskxi was probably a relief to her, for in August, Guido- baldo had a serions iUncss, whicli, although fortu- nately of brief duration, Icft him in an enfeebled state of heaith and inifit to bcar any fatigue. And he was never tired of reading aDd discussing his favourite classical autbors with Cas- tiglione and Bembo, or any of the distinguished scholars whom chance brought to Urbino for a few days. Filippo Beroaldo and Latino Giovenale both visited Urbino that summer. Terpandro, the gay and popular poet, Hngered on until late in tlie autumn, and was foUowed to Rome by aflFectionate messages from ail the ladies and many entreaties to return speedily.
If you love me, be joyful and keep up your spirits, for this is the only way to live. Baldassare CastigUone has composed during the last few days. Those who did not Write could always listen or criticize. Vat, ; V. Cian, ' Motti inediti di P. Then Madonna Emilia and Bembo or Castiglione would! And every evening, when the sun set behind the far jVpennines, and the long ridge of Monte Nerone turned to ever-deepening blue, courtiers and ladies met in the rooms of the Duchess.
Madonna Emilia and Gaspare Pallavicini started a war of quick iallies and livcly repartees, or Castiglione and the [agnifico entered on an animated discussion regarding the rival merits of painting and sculpture. A gentle breeze filJed the air with fresh- ness, and began to waken the sweet voices of joyous birds in the munnuring forests of the neighbouring hills. In spite of the complaints of Cupid and the re- proaches addressed by the ambassadors of Venus to the cruel fair who dwelt on the banks of Uie Metaunis, the ladies of Urbino were by no means ail of them proof against the winged shafts of the god of love.
But there were others who were cast in less heroic mould. Even at the court of Urbino youths and maidens were huinan, and dances and games in the palace, as Castiglione owns, aiForded plenty of occasion for lovers to reveal their secrets by meeting eyes and clasping hands. Margherita Gouzaga did net tum a deaf ear to Beroaldo's praises when her betrothed husband was no longer at her side, and the fl Magnifico's relations with Madonna Pacifica were far " froni being of a Platonic nature.
But in an evil hour this squire of low degree dared to pay his addresses to the Prefect's sister. In spite of this barrier Maria loved the liandsome cavalier. In a letter of tlie 13th to his friend Bibbiena, Pietro Bembo remarks signiticaritly that the Preiect bas arrivcd, and is, not only remarkably well, but par- ticularly amiable, espeeially to the Magnifico, with whom he appears to be ou the best of terms.
After this his servants fell upon the unfortunate knight and finished their master's work. The body was left pierced with wounds on the floor of the roora, while Francesco, telling his servants to keej tJie door barred, took horse and rode as fast as he' couid go to his own city of SinigagUa. Meanwhile the Duchess, hearing a noise, came to her nephew's rooms and knocked at the door. But no answer came, and when Elisabetta, Hlled with alarm, bade one of the servants open the door, he rephed: At the end of a letter to his mother, written on November 21, after giving orders about some bards and horses' trappings which he had left at Casatico, Baldassare remarked: On November 18, barely a week after the deed which had sent a shudder through the court and city, he wrote to infomn Bibbiena that he had just retumed from a visit to Padua, and observed that he would hear the latest news from Count Lodovico Canossa, who was on the point of startiiig for Rome.
So 1 will keep silence, and will only say this: Ail that can be said in their defeuce is that, by the code of honour commonly accepted in those days, there were certain wrongs which only death could avenge. The situation was no doubt a very difficult one both i'or the Duke and Duchess. Hence family as well as political exigencies led them to accept Francesco's excuses and forgive his crime.
Baldassare refers in the above-quoted passages. So the very name of the Duke s favourite was never heard again, and Francesco Maria s crime was ; forgotten, until four years later the murder of Cardinal 1 Alidosi recalled this violent deed to the memory of his enemies. But tlie idea was abandoned. Maria Sista, who ,: Her son-in-law, Jacopo Boschetto, was ill, and worried his w4fe and every one with his bad temper. In January the weather, which had remained singularly mild up till Christmas, tumed bitterly cold, and snow and frost set in with severity. The iiext day he recovered sufficiently to continue tlie journey to Fossombrone, where, under the influence of a warmer climate and sea-breezes, his health improved considerably, and on February 4 Castiglione was able to give his inother an excellent report of his lord s condition.
Guidobaldo himself retained conscious- ness to the end, and gave his last orders with perfect composure and tranquillity. The friends who stood round his couch tried to cheer him with hopes of recovery, but he only shook his head, and said as he looked at tlieir sad faces: On April 11 he asked for the last Sacraments, which the Bishop of Fossombrone administered, and bade his nearest relatives farewell.
After that he never spoke again. His Excellency the Duke is sink- ing fast, and the doctors give little or no hope of his life. Cesare is at Urbino, which is a good thing, as no one else of importance is in the palace, and we cannot tell what may happen. But when Fregoso reached Fos- sombrone, the good Duke had ah'eady breathed his last, and ail that he could do was to comfort tlie strickeii widow.
It was only when she saw that her husband was dead, that her courage forsook her, and, flinging her arms with a cry of agony round his neck, and kissing his cold brow, she exclaimed: AVhere are you going? For the next twenty-four hours fears for Elisabetta's life were seriously entertained, aiid a report reached Urbiiio that the Duchess was dead, as well as her lord, and excited a frantic outburst of lamentation. The first thing that roused her from the stupor into which she had fallen was the arrivai of Archbishop Fregoso, who read a letter frora the l'ope, and begged her to think of the young Duke and help him, for the sake of the love which she bore her husband and the trust which he reposed in her.
Francesco hiraself spoke affection- ately, calling her his mother, and reniinding her how much depended upon her at this moment. With a great effort she controlled her grief, and, drying her tears, gave the necessary orders for the funeral, and issued a prochimution calling on the late Dukes subjects to obey his wishes and acknowledge Francesco Maria as his successor. On the evening of Wednesday, April 12, the Dukes body was borne on the shoulders of the voniadini of Fossombrone, attended by the members of his household carrying liglited torches, over the mountain-passes.
Castiglione, who rode at the head of the moumful procession, describes the weird sights and sounds of that sad joumey — the weeping crowds who lined the roads, the howling of the dogs on the lonely hillside, and the darkness of the starless night. The Duchess followed some hours later in a litter with her ladies, and the Prefect, who had ridden on before, met the corpse at the cliureh of San Bemardino, with the nobles and gentlemen of the court. AU that day the greatest agitation had prevailed in the city, and, in spite of the snow which fell heavily, the market- place was crowded with people throughout Uie night.
This prudent proviso did much to allay the fears of the citizens, who were incHncd to look with suspicion on Krancesco Maria, and had deeply resented their favourite Gian Andrea's niurder. Franccsco gave them another robe of black velvet and a gold brocade cloak. When the cereinony was ended, the chief citizens were recel ved by the widowed Duchess.
Y'ou ail know how rauch he loved you. The Lady Duchess is still in the deepest distress, but even she raust take comfort in time. But God has not allowed anything of the sort to happen. Cesare and I should stay with him. Meanwhile 1 shall not cease to do my duty towards the Lady Duchcss and the Duke.
December 2018
Anyhow, you need not be anxious about my pros- pects, for at least I am out of swaddling bands and can look after myself. Both in public and private Julius H. With him came Giuliano de' Medici and Bembo, as well as a number of ambassadors and deputies from ail parts of Italy, to bear condolences to the Duchess and attend the solemn funeral which took place on May 2. This funeral pile, with its i Semsi, i. How profoundly and bitterly she gineves now that so many days liave passed I can hardly tell you, and you could scarcely believe. Whenever she sees anyone fresh who has corne to condole with her, she bursts into floods of scalding tears, as if she had never wept before.
T Prefettino, lie owns. And since nothing could please Elisabetta better. He is represented in a black velvet suit and ennine stole, with flowing locks of brown hair, parted in the middle of his forehead, long, thin features and a gentle, mehmcholy air that give an impression of habituai ill-health. He soon leamt to appreciate Cas- tiglione's loyalty, and relied upon his skill and tact to steer him safely through his greatest difficulties. But the services which the new Duke required were of a more exacting order. Henceforth Baldassare's tirae waa spent in active warfare or anxious diplomatie missions.
The sununer of , however, was spent in com. By degrees the Duchess recovered her habituai equanimity, and, since she could not die with her husband, resolved to live to carry out his wishes and make his subjects happy. Vou may imagine how they laughed! But this was several months later. Castiglione, we find, often acted as secretary to the Duchess at this time, and many of the letters which she wTote to Mantua are in his handwriting. Cian in ' Giom. The Duke of blessed memory left her 14, ducats besides her dowry and allowances for the maintenance of her establishment on a suitable scale.
I think it will soon take place, M. Cesare and I remain in the ncw Dukes service with the same siilary that we had before. And I am also very sorry for Ijconora's poor child, and beg you to oifer niy condolences to both parties, for indeed 1 feel the greatest compassion for them both. Although Messer Baldassare's letters contained a few allusions to public events, his correspondence during this year was almost entirely occupied with his private affairs.
No doubt he oiten feit sadly hampered by the liraited means at his disposai, and was of too fastidious and sensitive a nature to be easily pleased ; but he seems, in his own words. One was an idler and incapable, another a thief ; one loitered by tlie way when the dispatches entrusted to him were of the utmost importance, another left Rome or Urbino without ever taking his master's letters. Vat Lat, , fol. He cannot read Pulci's " Morgante " or the " Cento Novelle " without help, and yet he gives himself grand airs. He is a simpleton, and I cannot afford to kcep servants who are ab.
But if Antonio was a failure, his successor, Bartolommeo, turned out still worse. From the first day of his arrivai Castiglione complained of his laziness and ignorance, although, in his anxiety not to be constantly changing servants, he determined to give the man a trial. But the new secretary never ceased grumbling, and wlien, on one occasion, his master sent him to Urbino from Fossom- broue, he made noise enough to bring the house down. Another time Castiglione lieard him complain of the excessive labour and hard treatraent which he had to endure in his service, and even venture to assert that he was indispensable to his master, who did not dare to dismiss him.
This last statement was too much for Baldassare, who sent for him on the spot and gave him notice to leave the next day. But, since 1 Cod. Early in we first hear of Cristoforo Tira- bosco of Asola, who was sent to him from Mantuaj with letters, and who in after-years became a con- fidentiai servant in whom he placed the utmost trust, Next to servants, horses were his great anxiety. If there was one thing on which he spent more ducats than he could aflTord, it was on horses.
Many of liis favourite horses are men- tioned by name in his letters.
By this time the roads over the Apennines were so bad that Castighone found it impossible to send for them, and, hearing that Rimini was full of thieving soldiers, ordered the greater part to be sold on the spot. But when the servant Giovanni Martino, whom he sent on horse- back from Urbino to take charge of his property, hreached Rimini, he found that most of the goods had abeadybeen stolen bya Mantuan servant, who turned eut both a thief and a Uar. Tn spite of his efforts, he had been miable to pay his debt to Cardinal Ippolito d' Este, and still owed him ducats.
His letters during this winter contain repeated recjuests for help in this matter. But by the end of the year Castiglione once more found himself in debt and was begging his motlier for advances of money to satisfy his creditors at Urbino. Hitherto Bal- dassare had shown little incUnation to take to hiraself a wife. In Augiist, , he wrote to assure his mother that a rumour of his betrothal, which had reached her, was unfounded. It seems to me that I bave not conducted myself in such a way in other respects as to give 'OU so bad an opinion of me.
Botli her uncles, the Cardinal and Giuliaiio, warnily approved of the proposed marriage ; but Alfonsina, it is plain, had more ambitious plans for her daughter, and returned evasive replies. The maiden in question was a daughter of Messer GiuHo da Martinengo of Brescia, whose dowry of 14, ducats made her a prize in the marriage - market. But the death of Guidobaldo compelled him to defer bis journey, and his friends at Urbino urged him to keep to lus former intention, and conclude a marriage with Clarice de' MedicL On May 13 he wrote to his mother: But ail along both Monsignore and the MagniHco Giuliano bave been anxious for this marriage.
Beriiardo does iiot specify the amount of I the dowry, but says that it wiJI be such as to satisfy me amply. This is how things stand. The answer, however, proved somewhat disappointing. Ail that Alfonsina would promise was a sum of 4, ducats to be paid down at the time of the marriage. No doubt the match bas many distinct advantages: But I am ahove ail anxious that the tying of this knot should deliver ; me from other trouhles, which, as you know, oppress me sorely. Pietro and M, Jacopo, and anyone else whom you choose to eonsult Once this is settled, it will be easy enough to find the besi; way of matdng the proposai.
And since I bave heard again on the subject of the Martinenga, you might try and learn some more about that business. Baldassare, however, still hesitated. This being the case, Baldassare had no excuse for further delay with regard to the proposais of the Medici, and in his letters to his mother alludes to the marriage as definitely arranged. Francesco Maria had long wished to pay a visit to Senssi, i. But he paid a flying visit to the Castello at Mantua on the 25th, and enibraced Leonora, whowas by this time a lovely girl of fourteen. Castiglione hoped to be able to corne to Casatico, where his mother was anxiously expecting him, but was delayed by an unexpected incident.
As soon as it was over e troops were disbanded. The Duke retiimed to Urbino, and gave Castiglione leave to visit his mother at Casatico. He had already sent a letter to the Marquis by M. We must try and follow it up, and I hope may yet be well. I raarvel at those who wonder why I do not conie to Mantua, for if the truth were known they would see that it is no sliame on my Kart to obey one who is my lord. Giovanni Pietro, to ask M. Even then, if Tolomeo's I version of tlie afFair is to be tnisted, the secretary ad great difHculty in obtaining a favourable answer. Pietro describes how three tiraes over in one day M.
On January 10 lie wrote a letter chiefly relating to home affairs. And l believe Hrmly that this, too, will be ail for the best. F ' We certainly had some cause of com plaint, as on botli sides troth had been plighted by word of mouth. Cesare will tell you ail about it when he comcs to M an tua. Castiglione forgot his matrimonial hopes and disappointments in the task of equipping his corapany of fifty men. As usual, he was sorely in need of money, and his letters to his raother abound in requests for horses, arms, and ducats. On April 27 the Bull of excommunication against Venice was published, and the Duke invaded Uoniagna at the head of several thousand men.
Castiglione's letters give an excellent account of the short and successftil campaign that followed. The first was 'itten from Brisighella on May 1: This has now been taken. Paolo Manfrone and two other leaders, also the Provveditore and Castellan. He had better come to Bologna, and there he can find out where our camp is. I lould be glad of particulars as to the sire and breed " Carlo degli Uberti's horses ; I want some badly, "ail the more that niy poor Burtbnehas run a nail into me foot and will not be fit for work for several days.
We hope our arms will prosper, as we fight in a good cAuse and are a fine company. God guide our steps into a good path I We are ail well and happy. Please send rietrone as soon as possible. As for M, Carlo's horses, I do not think they are what I require ; for I ain not in need of young horses. Our light horse rode out to meet thein, and behind them our Signor with no more than eight gentlemen, foUowed by Gio. We pursued tlie enemy, and, although they were in a very strong position, attacked thcm so ftiriously that we broke their ranks, and some of our cavalry rode right into Ravenna.
We made foot and 50 horse prisoners, as well as much cattle, and won a great victory, much to the honour of our most illustrious Signor. Yesterday morning Russi surrendercd, on ' Sermssi, i Under Ravenna oiir poor Bediiio was mor- tally wounded in tlie throut by a pike. We carried hira back to the camp, but the poor lellow died in the night, which grieves me very much. God grant him Eardon I M. You might tell his mother this and make my excuses for not writing. Our canipaign has been exceedingly successful so far.
Gk d ordcrs I ail! For some reason e Visconti marriage did not attract him, but he was quite inclined to entertain the idea of an alliance with the Borromeo fatnily. His friend Madonna Eniilia's brother, Lodovico Pio of Carpi, who came to rbino on the Pope s business, interested himself in the matter, and assured Castiglione that ail the members of the Borromeo family, meii and women alike, asked nothing better than to form an alliance with him.
But a raalicious report reached him that the maiden question was exceedingly ugly, and he at once ecoiled from the plan. One Messer Visconti, who was related to the Borromei, had apparently re- Cod. AU through we realize that he was perfectly intent to live at Urbino in the Duke's service and in tlie Company of the Duchess and Madonna Emilia, and that he only listened to the importunities of the friends who begged him to marry, because of his inxiety to be free from debt Meanwhile war in Lombardy between the Leagiie nnd Venice was still being waged with varying results.
The Venetians hnd succeeded in recovering Padua, and the capture of the Marquis Francesco, who was surprised and made prisoner at a farm near Legnago on August 9, had filled both the courts of Mantua and Urbino with consternation. AVhile the Pope ' blasphemed horribly,' and Isabella moved heaven and earth to obtain her husband's release, the Duchess EUsabetta was hardly less distressed. Bembo, ' Lettere,' ii. Dunng the past sumnier M. Castiglione gratefoUy K offer, and sent his most capable w,. I am sure you will pay them every atten- tion and honour in your power, and need say no more.
The weather was terrible ail over Italy that autumn. Tbat year Cbristmas was kept witb great rejoii ai Urbtno, and tlie balls of the Montefeltro once more rang with the sound of dancing and song. From the palace of Cardinal Adrian Castellesi the Duchesses and tlieir ladies looked on at a pageant in the Piazza Agone. After they had kissed his feet three times, His Holiness gave theni absolution.
Then the great church doors were thrown open. There was nothing in the ceremony, wrote one of the five, but was honourable to the Republic ; and since the alms oflfered at each church only consisted of five ducats, the envoys flattered themselves that they had obtained the Papal absolution at small lexpense. Six days ago they started in the best of health and spirits for LJrbino. The new Duchess is a beautiful child, who makes herself every day more beloved, and whose sweetness of nature, tact, and gentleness are beyond her years. Paul bbvond tue TraER, April 15, Unfortunately, both Castiglione and the Duchess suffered frtun the beat and malaria of this urihealthy season, and were attacked by fever on their respective joumeys.
Baldassare fell ill first in Rome, and afterwai-ds at Viterbo on his way back to Urbino. On August 12 he wrote to tell his anxious mother that he had reaclied home safely, and had almost shaken off the fever, ' I ara hoping soon to find myself in camp, but mean to get quite strong ftrst. The Lady Duchess is not over-well, either ; let us tnist in God that her indisposition may not be grave. Castiglione re- 1 Saauto, X, The Ught-hearted Romag- lese went into fits of laughter when they saw the.
Luigi of Aragon shivered with cold in this unwonted abode, and enned Castiglione the wai'ni quilt of feathers which his careful mother had sent him from home. Roberto of Bari fell ill in camp, and had to seek shelter at Mantua. One night a shell struck the bedroom where he was sleeping and wounded two of his servants, He sent the cannon-ball as a trophy to the shrine of the Virgin at Loreto, where it is still preserved, and retumed to the trenches to direct the bombardment.
But, as he and ail the world knew, it was a lost cause. Chaumont, who with the French army was encamped hard by, between Kubiera and Carpi. On the 20th a breach was made in the walls, and both her anmiunition and provisions being exhausted, the Countess surrendered, sending word to the Pope that he might do his worst.
He stormed at thera ail in tum, told them they were doits and cowards, and swore that he would hang the one and quarter the other. But we find no allusion to the Pope in the short letters which he addressed to his mother from Mirandola. Baldassare's next letters were written from Finale, where the Papal forces remained encamped until the end of April, and hostilities were either languidly carried on, or else suspended for a tirae. The account which he gives of his men s destitution and of the diflficulty of obtaining provisions shows the straits to which the Papal forces were reduced during this long and tedious campaign.
As for our next movements, 1 can only tell you what every one knows. In two day s 1 will send for the blue and tan cloth of which I wrote, to clothe my poor lads, who iire reduced to a state of absolute nakedness. On April 10 Bishop Lang was sent to treat with the Pope at Bologna, and behaved with such unmannerly arrogance and insolence that even the Venetians were disgusted, and could not wonder that Juhus refused to corne to terms with him.
The Pope replied by excommunicating the Duke of Ferrara and ail the allies of France, and on the 25th the Bishop lefl Bologna hurriedly with an angry countenance, which boded ill tbr ail parties. God send us what is best. The Duke of IJrbino, whose army was encamped in the neighbourhood, promptly ordered his men to retreat, and they were pursued and defeated with heavy losses by the French. The Bentivogli were restored, the citadel which Julius II. But liis courage never quailed.
He asked for Alidosi. Then he vented his fury on the Duke of Urbino, calling him a fool aud a traitor, and saying that if Francesco fell into his hands he should be drawn and quartered, as he richly deserved. The Cardinal's foUowers, ralyzed with horror, stood by speechless, while two of the Duke's servants dispatched the victim, and Francesco himscif made his way through the gather- iiig crowd and rode off to Urbino. The murdered man was carried into S. Vitale, and ay there till Sunday evening, when his body was ed in the Duomo.
No one but the Pope grieved for Alidosi. The other Cardinals expressed their satisfaction openly. Paris de Grassis, in his diary, retumed solemn thanks to Almighty God for having deUvered the world from so odious a man and so notorious a traitor. The people in the streets of llavenna rejoiced over the tyrant's fall, and a voice was hcard calling down blessings on the Duke, whom God had chosen to be the avenger of their wrongs.
On August 17 he was attacked 'ith fever, which three days later returncd with such iolence that his doctors gave little hope of recovery, and tlie news spread through Rome that he was dying. There was a tumult in the Capitol: But the in- domitable will of the old man still asserted itself. On the 24tli he received the Viaticum, and dictated his last wishes to his daughter Felice and Cardinal lliario.
After that he ate an egg, swore at ail his doctors in turn, and asked for olives and peaches. By an act of the Papal Consistory, bearing the date August 22, , he was formaUy absolved from ail ecclesiastical censures and restored to his dignities and dominions. On September 27 Castiglione wrote joyously from Urbino to tell his mother that their anxieties were happily ended: Tbe worst of ail was the very dangerous illness of His Holiness, who bas been saved, as it were, by a miracle from the jaws of death to ensure the safety of our Duke and of the whole Church of God.
In that letter I M begged you to send me fifty ducats to pay some of my debts, which I bave been forced to incur owing to our misfortunes this year. He oomplained repeatedly during the disastrous campaign of severej Sermssi, j. She had aLso inaiiy things to discuss with hirn— above ail, the eternal marriage question, which as yet remained unsettled. The pertinacity wth which she met ail rebuffs, and continued her exertions to find Baldassare a suitable and well-dowered bride, was altogether admirable; but it is hardly surprising if the knight himself began to grow tired of her importunities.
Even when he was engaged in active warfare she sent him fresh proposak. From the camp at Finale he wrote on April It is true, as you may remember, that a larger dowiy was originally promiscd, but 1 do not wish to make a point of this. But I wonder why they should object to keeping the thing private for a littie longer, as, once it is settled and promises are exchanged, 1 do not see that it can matter if it is announced a littie sooner or later.
However, I should like it to be kept private until my arrivai, for the reasoQ which I raentioned to you, unless you VOI-. Pieiat and to M. This, then, has been the reason of my delays. The proposed marriage with Count Martinengos daughter, which had been the most pressing cause for the journey, was suddenly broken off owing to political reasons.
Agostino Gonzaga, who was sent to Urbino by the Marquis in December. Since le aftair was so far settled, and ray mind was quite lade up on the subject, I regret this deeply — for lany reasons.
I am also grieved to think lese gentlemen niay net realize the true nature of ly reasons. At least it is something to feel that in this instance our lord lias shown that he partly realizes how loyal a servant he has in me. But I will say no more about this. We often do not kiiow what is our true gain or loss. But the satisfaction which this token of renewed good feeling gave Baldassare was clouded by an unkind report which some mulicious tongue repeated in his hearing.
I tnist that things will settle down, so that we may see each other once more. Castiglione, who remained in close attendance on his lord, wrote on May 12 from Rimini to Madonna Luigia: We are still at Rlniini, which we bave retaken for the Church as well as the Rocca. We ail welK tliank God. I also wish Camillo would Write to me about our affairs. A report bas reached us tbat there is plaque at Mantua, wbich God forbid! I think the roads wiU be safe now from Ferrara to Rimini, ami should be glad if Ciistoforo would bring me Pappagallo.
He can travel safely by Ferrara, but had better obtain a safe-conduct from the Duke. This I leave to Your Magnificence. The suit of armour, he heard, was at length ready, and full directions were given to Camillo, who was to pack it carefully in a box to keep out damp and rust, and bring it by water as far as Ravenna, where the Castellan would send it on to the camp.
Throughout the war the Marchesana IsabcUa, who le l no Ntone unturned to help her brother. On October 80 Galeazzo sur- rendered, and retired to Milan after giving up his own lands in Pesaro to the Duke on payment of 20, ducuits and a yearly pension of 1, ducats. Bot no aot can tel] what our future movements may be. And for your peace of mind I will tell you that thc Lord Duke has been graciously pleased to tfive nie a castic in his new State of Pesaro, which, trom what I hear, is in a very fair and pleasant spot.
The year brought many changes to the court Urbino. Tl camival of was especially gay, in spite of absence of the Duke and Castiglione in the cam] of Mirandola. His comingwas thi signal for a round of balls, masquerades, banquets, and concerts. The iolinist Jacopo di San Secondo, Bembo, and the [agnifico Giuliano were generally of the party, as rell as Count Alessandro Trivulzio, the hero of irandola, who had been released on parole after the irrender of that city, and stood high in favour with the ladies.
Is she caught in the toils of San Secondo or Trivulzio? Cas- tiglione still wrote matchless verses in Latin and Italian. Cesare Gonzaga sent madrigals to Isabella d' Este from the battlefield, vowing that, if his sword was pledged to the service of Mars, his heart belonged to the Queen of Love. Before long, time and death began to make larger inroads on the once happy family.
Since the death of Falcone six years before, Castiglione had iuflfered no loss which he felt so keenly. He had been Castiglione s friend since his early days at Milan, and was as much lamented by Isabella and her ladies at Mantua as he was by the scholars of Rome and Urbino. But death was not the only dividing cause which helped to break up the joyous Company of Urbino. Si voige, the motto which the MagniHco had chosen for his device, had corne true, and Fortune had once more tumed her long-averted face towards him.
That summer both he and his brother, Cardinal Giovanni, retumed to Florence, which had surrendered to the arms of the Viceroy, Cardona, and his Spanish troops, At the end of July, Giuliano was still at Urbino, enjoying the company of the Duchesses and Castiglione. Ainorig the many congratulations which he received on this occasion, none were more cordial thau those which reached him from the Duchess Elisabetta, who had been so good a friend to him hi the past and whose kindness he never forgot.
But althotigh so many of his friends were dead and gone, Castiglione remained loyal to his mas-ter. After the continuai warfare of the last three years, he was glad to enjoy a few peaceful days at Urbiuo. But as usual, he found himself very short of money — ieg- givrUvimOj his usual term for empty pockets — and complained that for six months he and his comrades- in-arms had not seen a farthing of the Pope's pay.
But by the end of the year he wrote that his journey to Milan had been given up. This lady, who was connected with his mother through the Uberti and Strozzi, had proposed Ginevra Rangone, the only daughter of the powerful Count Girardo, as a suitable wife for Baldassare, and had afterwards dis- cussed the matter with her kinsnian himself when he was at Modena. She replied frankly that the first pro- posai came from them, but that she had written to Count Girardo, who was in Rome.
I think he will go tiiere the second week in Lent. It is only two miles from Pesaro and five from Fano, The air tberc is excellent, the view most beautiful over land and sea, and the soil very fruitful indeed. There is a fine palace, which is now my own, and the revenues are equal in value to those of Ginestreto, or periiaps rather more, so that I am exceedingly well satisfied. So Novillara only belonged to its first Count during a few years when his lord was in exile, and he never enjoyed this beautifiil home. At Fcrrara, indeed, thcre was little cause for rejoicing, and the critical state of afFairs made Alfonso and his family listen anxiously to every fresh report of the fiery old Pope s liealth that came Irom Rome.
The Viceroy and his Spaniards danced with her fasciiiating maids of lionour, or looked on ut pageimts in whiuh the deliverance of Itiily froni the barbarians by the grcat Pontiff, and the golden oak of the house of Rovere figured largely, while French guns still thundered froni the Castello.
Giuliano and his nephew Lorenzo led the i-evels, and Bembo and Bibbiena were summoned by their patron. Cardinal de' Medici, to join tlie festive tlirong. It in Latin, because tlic author, wishmg to be ;ood by many wlio are not learned, and being ail anxious to please, has chosen the vulgar that he may equally dehght ail his hearers. Surely that man is his own enemy who counts a foreign language to be more worthy of study than his own.
For my part, I hold ray owTi language so dear to me that I would not change it for any other in the whole world, and I think you will feel the sanie. And he further says that, if you search ail through Plautus, you will find that the Latin poet bas lost nothing that pertains to him. And as Italy is more worthy than Greece, so Rome is a nobler city than Modone.
Now you will renaember the whole thing! I beg V, S. But I will tell you this much. The wall with its two towers was represented in the most natural way possible, rising trom the floor of the stage to the top of the hall. One tower was ocrcupied by the pipers, the other by the tnmipeters, and between the two there was another finely constructed rampart. The hall itself, where the audience sat, occupied the place of the moat. The back of the wall above the tiers of seats was hung with the tapestries of the Trojan War.
This temple stood in the centre of the stage. At one end there was a triumphal arch about two yards trom the wall, marvellously executed. The two niches abovc VOL, I. They certainly acted marvellously, and it was a new thing to see little old men. And since the prologue arrived very late. Vaughan Williams World Premieres! Der Rose Pilgerfahrt, Op. Dover Beach for Baritone and String Quartet. Le Roi et le Fermier.
Symphony for Piano and Orchestra, Op. Finland Awakes, The Oceanides, Op. La gara degli dei. Die Rosen der Madonna. An den Abendstern, Op. Messa da Requiem ed. Il burbero di buon cuore. Scheiden und Meiden, Op. Des Knaben Berglied, Op. Des Dichters Abendgang, Op. Gott, welch dunkel hier Seider [tenor]. Mass for 5 Voices, Op. Requiem for Choir, Organ and Cello, Op. Il maestro di cappella. Macbeth - 3 atti senza nome.
The Starlight Express, Op. Der Apotheker als Nebenbuhler, Op. The Other Orlando Furioso! Orlando furioso, RV Von Vorn herein, Op. The Complete Songbook, Vol. L'ultimo giorno di Pompei. The Passion of Ramakrishna. Rakastava, JS c, 6 Songs, Op. A Spring Night, Op. Farewell, Springtime of Happiness, Op. The Norseman's Song, Instrumental Pieces: Moods from Norway for Piano Op.
Erotic Psalms for Bass and Organ, Op. Wie traulich war des Fleckchen, Op. Berceuse, Mantle of blue, Day after day, Speak to me, my love! The Wandering Scholar, Op. John Passion, TWV 5: Hymn of the Sea, Op. Durch die herzliche Barmherzigkeit, Der La sposa di Messina. Der Schmied von Gent. Betrothal in a Monastery. Song of London, Op. Songs of Travel, from 5 Mystical Songs: Easter and Love bade me welcome. Overture to the Opera The Island of St. Lamentation of Marie Antoinette.
In The Penal Colony. Songs and Choral Music - 6 Lieder, Op. Boze, cos Polske, Cyt Nina o sia La Pazza Per Amore. Die stumme Serenade, Op. Qadish, 'Al naharot bavel, Lemi ehpots la'asot yeqar. The sun shines down and What's in your mind? O schneller, mein Ross, Lied, from Album, Op.
Gebet, from 8 Ritornelle, Op. Abschied, Wandrers Nachtlied, Die Lerchen. Or fia mai ver, o lontananza infida, Belve, se mai provaste, In lontananza della sua donna, Amore pericoloso, Suonate da camera, Op. A Christmas Oratorio, Op. Galgenlieder von Christian Morgenstern, from Balladenbuch, Op. Songs of the Clown, Op. Les Espaces du sommeil. Nachhall for Baritone and Orchestra, Op. Tiento del primer tono y batalla imperial for Orchestra.
Von Heute auf Morgen, Op. Video on CD 3: Wedding March from 3 Pieces, Op. Come With Me, Op. Also includes a page index of the works and recordings in this Edition. Complete Delius Songbook, Vol. The King of Fools. Orpheus, Klage der Ariadne. Entertaining Miss Austen Fairy Dance arr.
Queen Mary's Lamentation, G. Overture to Rodelinda arr. Complete Works - 4 Songs, Op. Douceur du soir, Mains lasses, L'Espoir luit, Image. Highlights from I Normanni a Parigi. Aus Goethes Faust, Op. La belle dame sans merci, TRAD. The Tale of the Oyster. Hymne des marins for Chorus, S. Grandpa Single-Leg, Lullaby No. Missa pro defunctis, Tantum ergo. Les Surprises de l'Amour transcr. Ludwig Christian Hesse []. Complete Piano Trios - Suite, Op. Scenes from Goethe's Faust, WoO 3. Die erste Walpurgisnacht, Op. Jungle Book, Shallow Brown, Good-bye to love arr.
Prelude in C Minor, Op. Cristina Regina di Svezia. Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra, Op. The Queen of Cornwall. In the Hall of Mirrors Swedish-English texts. Sonata da camera for Flute, Cello and Piano, Op. Songs before Sleep, Tenor: Edition - Choral Music - Kullervo, Op. Serenade in F, Op.