Lists of names of actors, directors, and other Hollywood personnel and their preferred pronunciation were contributed by: Norman Siegel, Paramount Pictures, Inc.
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John Woolfenden, Colum- bia Pictures Corporation. All the men and women in these various' groups were particularly helpful in track- ing down the pronunciation of coeval foreign names. How does the individual want his own name pronounced? Neely, Lecturer at the Hayden Planetarium, helped in the selection and pronunciation of astronomical terms. The editor listened to these broadcasters and occasionally their peers for purposes of reference and standardization. Since the preparation of the first edition, which began in , women broad- casters have increased in number and influence.
For they represent the many broadcasters on the distaff side of the microphone who pronounce words care- fully, in excellent voice, without the affectation so often linked with professional speakers of the female sex. They also represent the gifted sex since women may be called the guardians of speech, that is, infants learn speech sounds principally from their mothers or nurses, and the female sex is more precocious in speech than the male sex because girls talk earlier, have larger vocabularies, and fewer disorders of speech than boys.
The respelling system is further simplified in the second edition. The second edition includes a quiz for announcers and others who wish to measure their pronunciation prowess. Pat Kelly, Supervisor of Announcers.
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Here is the quiz: Read the following passage at first sight in your usual tempo. Give the sentences meaningful inflections of the voice.
If you don't know a word, guess reso- lutely. Take it in your best, in your most nonchalant way. Don't let your heart sink, because no one makes a perfect score on this quiz the first time. If you make only ten mistakes, your pronunciation of unusual words is good. Seven mistakes or fewer is an excellent score. Each of the demons is given a preferred pronunciation in NBC Handbook of Pronunciation second edition , for scoring this quiz.
You may want to read it to a friend or two to help you remember what you said. Better yet, why not make a phonographic recording of it? She me- andered among the congeries of her memoirs. There was the kinetic Algernon, a choleric artificer of icons and tritychs, who wanted to write a trilogy. For years he had stifled her risibilities with his dour moods.
SAS 198 Sauve-Qui-Peut a Kaboul T1 (French, Electronic book text)
His asthma caused him to sough like the zephyrs among a tamarack. He insisted on being the cynosure even after a virulent attack of alopecia areata left him egregiously glabrous. He was an economi- cal donor to her eleemosynary interests. Yet he had his facets: She was always a docile devotee of Thalia. He decorated her draughty cabana with two mischievous-looking borzois made of a sort of gamboge ceramic.
The decor was in pastel nuances. He improved her terpsi- chorean art with really herculean efforts, and gave his castoff clothes to her infantile nephew. Yet she was glad to give him his conge for he left her with cervicodynia. A more extraordinary personage was her bovine viscount, a polyglot cosmopolite with sybaritic propensities.
His gustatory delectations ranged from minestrone avec jromage to gooseberries flavored with thyme. After an equestrian morning he was wont to lunch alfresco. For years he had vanquished senility by playing the xylo- phone and arranging the leprechauns of Eire in categories. Truculent as a giaour in gaol, he would go berserk fulminating against the argot of philately or the cerements Vlll of geisha dancers.
But his tirades were never really risque, never sacrilegious. He was avuncular, obese, and plethoric as Santa Claus. I must get down to business and amass the details of my autobiography. I'll use mnemonic devices to resurrect the dramatis personae of my rococo existence. At times he would assume an alias and travel incognito.
Naivete would be taboo. Hers would be a style commc il faiit. And she was obdurate anent other details too: Neither would she mention the saturnine anaesthetist who talked about syn- dromes in a gibberish that smacked of Elizabethan jargon. Shaking her head in dubiety, our heroine cascaded her pyramidal coiffure down the nape of her columnar neck, leaving her a psyche between two petite, conched auricles. With these words came the decibelic echoes of the maestro's baton, and she must hide her autistic rev- eries behind more rouge and pomade. With languor she headed for the camera, resolution high that today her pantomimic efforts would be Promethean.
Americans have always resented superimposition in matters dealing with standards of pronunciation. Government academies, designated to indi- cate "correct"' pronunciation, have not been tolerated. Although other countries have attempted to exact "pure" standards for many centuries, America has not chosen to do so. However, the British Broadcasting Corporation, a gov- ernment controlled and subsidized agency, does have a rather rigid standard of pro- nunciation for its announcers, defined by an appointed committee of experts.
But it is not the dialect spoken by most Englishmen. Rather, it is the pronunciation that is employed by the upper middle classes and no- bility who receive their education in the old, endowed institutions of learning. While there are those in America who are strongly in favor of imposing "Re- ceived Standard Pronunciation" upon American broadcasters — "to hasten the day when all English-speaking people will speak alike" — they are not numerous. Seem- ingly they are enchanted by speech that is radically different in some respects from varieties used by most educated Americans.
This means that the broadcaster would use the pronunciation that is spoken by the educated people of the area served by the station. If the station is a local one, the broadcaster would do well to pronounce words as the educated people of his com- munity pronounce them. Otherwise he might run the risk of being difficult to com- prehend or of alienating the approval of his audience.
When a broadcaster speaks over a powerful station or nation-wide hook-up, he desires to use a pronunciation that is most readily understood by the majority of his listeners. According to the estimates made by Professor J.
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Kenyon, ten or eleven million Americans and Canadians speak the New England or Eastern dia- lect, twenty-six million the Southern variety, and at least ninety million speak Gen- eral American. Although the fundamental differences among these three main dia- lects are few in number, they are quite definite. The words selected for listing in this book obviously represent only a small part of the rich vocabulary of contemporary American speech. The question may arise in the reader's mind: Why were these relatively few words selected for presenta- tion? The answer can be stated as follows: Any comprehensive dictionary, such as ix.
Even revised editions take decades to complete. During the composition of a dictionary some of the recorded pronunciations actually change, through constant use, before the work is ready for publication. Hence, it may be said that parts of any complete dictionary are likely to be outmoded by the time the first copy is sold. Perhaps a more pertinent answer, however, lies in the fact that there is a demand by large sections of the radio audience for a statement of policy by the great radio companies concerning standards of speech and pronunciation, especially as used by the announcers and staff broadcasters of regular "spots" and programs.
Then, too, many people have expressed distress that announcers on a given station pronounce words differently. Staff announcers too are eager to pronounce words in the "right" way. They are especially grateful for indicated pronunciations of proper names of current interest. Hence, generous samplings of those words about which there is contention, and some proper names much in the news serve the purpose of this man- ual. There are also many words that do not ordinarily present pronunciational prob- lems and many other words that are not in daily use.
Thus, a generous selection of approximately 15, samples has been deemed sufficient for the purpose of this book. Makers of pronouncing dictionaries are inevitably confronted by at least two alter- natives: Broadcasters like those listed on pages vi-vii may be cited as exemplary speakers whose phonetic patterns resemble General American more closely than either New England or Southern dialects. The list could be extended indefinitely, but these gen- tlemen are a few of the large numbers who pronounce words well in General Amer- ican. Consequently, they and their peers have been used as models for the majority of pronunciations in this manual.
Whenever a group of model speakers is used for purposes of reference and stand- ardization, variant pronunciations are likely to arise. These must often be resolved by arbitrary decision if only one pronunciation for each word is wanted. For ex- ample, some of the model speakers prefer to pronounce the first vowel of economics as in the word ell, while others use the vowel as in eel; some say nooz, others nyooz ; and still others use an intermediary vowel sound. Such alternate pronunciations- are wholly acceptable. Arbitrary decisions must also be made concerning words that model speakers have not been heard to pronounce.
There are thousands of words in everyday use that may be pronounced in alternate ways, but the plan for this book called for one pronunciation for each word. Inconsistencies in pronunciation irritate some listeners. N fT but 'nyoo: ST" and that their "nyoo: Because this manual presents a recommended pronunciation, it will doubtless find dissenting readers.
Consequently, it may be considered a thesis for discussion among those intelligent and informed people who are concerned about the welfare of the spoken word. Criticisms, judgments, and suggestions are hereby solicited, especially from those readers who have more than a bowing acquaintance with the study of pro- nunciation.
A given letter such as c represents one sound in a word like cwtaiti and an entirely different sound as in certain. With this one exception, both words are pronounced alike despite the different spellings, i. Words that are pronounced alike, such as meat-meet, pare-pear, two-too, etc. Another source of inconsistency is the aphthong, or letter that is not pronounced in English words.
In order to record pronunciation graphically some system is needed that allows one symbol for each sound. Since there are twenty-six letters in the spelling alphabet and approximately forty sounds in American speech, it is obviovis that more symbols are needed for recording pronunciation correctly. The need is met by at least three systems of notation, namely, diacritical markings, the Inte rnati onal Phonetic Alpha- bet, and respelling.
A widely used system of diacritical markings of vowels in American speech is found in Web- ster's New International Dictionary. The International Phonetic Alphabet, commonly referred to as the IPA, is per- haps less cumbersome than diacritical markings. Since many of the symbols are taken from the spelling alphabet, one may learn the LEA without a great expenditure of time. Within the last fifteen years it has become widely used in schools and col- leges, and its present as well as future usefulness seems assured.
There is a narrow version of the IPA and a broad one. The broad IPA has been selected for transcrip- tion in this book. There are many individuals who prefer respelling to the other two systems. Re- spelling has the advantage of making use of the symbols. Thus, uh is used to record the unaccented vowel and also the accented vowel as in the word up. Whenever possible an apostrophe is used in place of ilk to represent the unaccented vowel. Occasionally, other deviations from the adopted respelling system are employed for the sake of clarity.
Such liberties are not necessary in the phonetics, which lend themselves to more consistent representation. Each word recorded in the pronunciation list of this book is transcribed twice. Thus, the demands of those who do not wish to learn new symbols as well as those who want to make use of the most modern system of pronunciation notation are met. The IPA and respelling systems, as used in this manual, are as follows: Accent is indicated in the transcription of polysyllabic words only.
The problem of recording the pronunciation of words of foreign languages is espe- cially difficult because they involve many more sounds than are used in American speech. Moreover, the average broadcaster cannot reproduce many of these strange sounds with any degree of faithfulness. A Russian r, for example, is different from an American r, and only after much practice under competent superviften can an American master a Russian r or conversely, a Russian learn an American r.
While it is reasonable to expect an American announcer to master the sounds of one other language, usually French, Spanish, or German, it is obviously unfair to expect him to learn to produce correctly all the sounds of all the languages. What the announcer ordinarily does when confronted with new words of a foreign language is to approxi- mate the native pronunciations in so far as the sounds of American speech will al- low, unless, of course, the words have been anglicized, as in the case of Florence, Italy, for Firenze, Italia.
This tendency conforms to what the layman does. Thus," the pronunciations of foreign words recorded in this manual are only broadly ap- proximate for the most part, yet they represent what broadcasters and educated listeners say. An example is the German word Reich. Here the final sound is a kind of prolonged k which is not found in the family of English or American speech sounds.
BBC has anglicized it to righsh; the pronunciation most often heard in General American is righk. Another is the French word, chantciisc. To the ears of most of the announcers consulted the former is the closer approximation to what they say. S ti kahn 9 'kus ti kan acoustics uh KOO: BEEZ ah lah SWEES ah lah tahr TAHR a la 'kart a la 'kaes a rol a la ,Ja ,to ,bri 'a a la ,kre 'ol a la ,do 'fin a la ,do ,fi 'nwaz 3 'Ised in a la 'dja bb a la ,fran 'scz a la ,go ,di 'vo a la 'gear a la ,5ar di 'njear a la 'kirj a la li ,3 'nez a la ,ma ,se 'dwan a la ,me tra ,do 'tel a la ma 'rerj go a la 'mer i land a la ,mat 'bt a ,1a ,me ,ri 'ken a la ,mi.
L ee oh dal BAIR, yoo: L 'dul a 'ziz al sa 'ud ah SEEZ ahl sah R a 'mur amusement uh MYOO: LEE yuhs ,aep ju 'li jas aqua AK.
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T uh tiv dis 'pjut a tiv dispute dis PYOO: Dnestr river Dnieper river Dnieprostroi U. REE sis digh yoo: N dAb 'lun , douceur doo: EN uh du 'en 3 duet doo: Lists with This Book. This book is not yet featured on Listopia. Olivia Daye rated it really liked it Jan 11, Christine Mank rated it it was ok Feb 26, Dominique Fotso rated it it was amazing Jan 13, Bernard Tremblay rated it really liked it Dec 17, Karl Eiselsberg rated it really liked it Jun 28, Wils Bruno rated it liked it Dec 17, Yves Panis rated it liked it Apr 27, Dominique Few rated it it was amazing Aug 12, Jclaude marked it as to-read Apr 29, Mitouart Bernard marked it as to-read Jan 30, Jean Michael marked it as to-read Aug 21, Denis marked it as to-read Oct 02, Catherine marked it as to-read Feb 06, Navin marked it as to-read Jul 01, Malko marked it as to-read Sep 25, Fuat marked it as to-read Jan 12, Philippe Vives marked it as to-read Feb 22, Marie-Laure Desormeaux marked it as to-read Jul 28, Zac Efrom marked it as to-read Nov 09,