The main question is whether Globalization presents a threat to national security. S national interests and national security.. Introduction Globalization is defined in many different ways. At the same time, various types of threats are becoming global; effects are more dangerous for both the state and civilians. Apart from this, there is a link between globalization and national interests.
The link is considered as necessary, but at the same time it is threat to security. Globalization is a broad term. In this paper, it is considered as changes to and effects on goods, services and factors of production between U. The question is whether globalization is a positive process and does not represent a threat to national interests and national security.
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Globalization raises important issues for U. It has a dual influence on U. Firstly; it promotes a faster development of economy and technical progress. On the other hand, the process of globalization may experience environmental impact of the global economy that causes financial crisis and threat to national interests and security. Globalization, the rise of China, the prospect of an unsustainable debt burden, unprecedented federal budget deficits, the success of mixed economies with both state- owned and private businesses, huge imbalances in international trade and capital flows, and high unemployment have brought economics more into play in considerations of national security.
There is a core task about globalization in U.
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As we see, economy and the impact of economic globalization is one of the top issues to U. The paper ends with a concluding discussion. Implications of globalization on U. S national interests and national security 2. S national interests Economic impact of globalization is one of the most important issues that are considered by many researchers. Nowadays the economic effect on national interests and national security is one of the most debated issues in the world.
In a positive context globalization can be considered as a process of integration of goods and capital markets across the world, where thresholds to international trade and foreign investment are reduced. Markets are global and many corporations are successful and more powerful than many countries. International trade is a benefit of globalization. S national interests and economic development. Economic engagement with the world plays a key part in the U.
America is a partner to a number of 1 Nanto, D. Issues and Implications for U. Policy, Congressional Research Service. United States helped created and lead two international institutions that are beneficial to U. The roots of economic globalization should be started during the Clinton administration. President Bill Clinton enjoyed a spectacular start on trade. Because of the significance for American economy and industry, much weight has been placed on trade police by elected officials and business leaders.
U.S.-CHINA | ECONOMIC and SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION
China is the largest market for trafficked wildlife products. Its demand has been an important factor leading to declines in iconic species such as elephants and big cats, as well as in lesser-known species like pangolins. Success in combating this trade varies by species: This issue brief provides an update to the Commission's February report on fentanyl flows from China, examining the progress of negotiations between U. Although the Chinese government has taken steps to reduce the manufacture and export of fentanyl-like substances, China remains the largest source of illicit fentanyl and fentanyl-like substances in the United States.
To combat these flows, U. In today's fast-paced world of high-tech weaponry and commercial competition, however, it is no longer possible to cling to old concepts of security based solely on supply disruption. The salience of economic factors has not only increased but also become intertwined with other dimensions of national security. It is more difficult today to disentangle the economic from strictly military factors and to define the concept of national security comprehensively in terms of military, political, social, and economic factors.
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Listed below are a few of the seminal developments:. For a thoughtful analysis, see Theodore H. Reflecting the importance of such developments, a variety of specific questions concerning the fusion of economic and military factors in the calculus of national security have arisen. Of these, the most germane are listed below:. How dependent has the U. At what point is national security placed at risk? How essential is it that U. How would military security be affected if the United States were to lose its competitiveness?
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Under what conditions are foreign acquisitions of domestic companies a security problem? Are tags of national identity losing their meaning in this era of multinationalization and globalization? Does it matter that manufacturing facilities located in the United States bear a Japanese name, as long as the technical work force is predominantly American and the physical facilities, value added, and learning curves remain here? To what extent, if at all, should the United States be concerned about the industrial policies of foreign states targeted at promoting their high-tech, strategic industries?
Is it necessary for the U.
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What are the advantages and dangers? In what technological areas is leakage damaging to national security? How might it be shut off or at least contained? The problem of defining national security interests goes far beyond simple questions of supply access and disruption; it now involves such complex issues as the commercial competitiveness of domestic producers in key high-tech industries, the scope of the state's role, and coping with the consequences of proliferating ties of economic interdependence.
How can these far-reaching and diverse issues be feasibly dealt with? In theory, the slippery notion of economic security can be best understood in terms of enhancing the twin objectives of economic efficiency and adaptability. Whatever damages economic efficiency and adaptability significantly can be construed as a threat to economic security—for example, very large budget deficits, low savings rates, inadequate investment levels in research and development, poor manpower training and education, or falling rates of productivity.
In this sense, trade protection can also be considered a security threat if the costs of protection—inefficiency and structural rigidity—outweigh such benefits as the survival of an indispensable industry. Clearly the cost-benefit matrix will always involve complex calculations of difficult trade-offs. Formulating the calculus in terms of efficiency and adaptability at least provides conceptual guidelines on which to anchor what is otherwise an amorphous and unmanageable problem.
Perhaps the most parsimonious way of dealing with the relationship between military and economic factors is to funnel concerns through the prism of a fundamental question: To what extent is the nation's capacity to innovate and manufacture diminished in technologies critical to military security?
In the final analysis it is the nation's capacity to generate and produce essential state-of-the-art technology that should be the overriding criteria by which definitional boundaries of military security are drawn.