Moderate to severe renal toxicosis and moderate to severe gastrointestinal toxicosis developed in 5 and 8 dogs, respectively. Anti-tumour efficacy of etoposide alone and in combination with piroxicam against canine osteosarcoma in a xenograft model. Osteosarcoma OSA in dogs is locally invasive and highly malignant.
Distant metastasis is the most common cause of death. To date, the survival rate in dogs with OSA remains poor. The cytotoxic effects of etoposide against canine OSA cell lines, either alone or in combination with piroxicam , have been previously demonstrated in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumour effect of etoposide alone and in combination with piroxicam on canine OSA using murine models. Etoposide single agent treatment significantly delayed tumour progression with a marked reduction in Ki immunoreactivity in tumour tissue.
Concomitant treatment with piroxicam did not enhance the anti-tumour efficacy of etoposide. Etoposide single agent treatment and combination treatment with piroxicam down-regulated survivin expression, but was not followed by increased apoptotic activity. These findings indicate that etoposide might be a promising novel therapeutic for canine OSA. Further investigations into its potential for clinical application in veterinary oncology are warranted. Primary frontal sinus squamous cell carcinoma in three dogs treated with piroxicam combined with carboplatin or toceranib.
To our knowledge, this is the first publication concerning canine pFS-SCC, diagnosed using histology or cytology and medical imaging, in three dogs. The tumours extended into the orbit or brain cavity, without nasal involvement. Treatment was initiated with piroxicam -carboplatin. Prolongation of carboplatin delivery with a low dose intensity was performed on dogs with a favourable initial response.
Dog 1 achieved a complete remission CR , but was euthanized days after start of therapy. Dog 2, still alive 3 years after start of therapy and in CR, received 14 carboplatin deliveries. In dog 3, after changing the treatment protocol into piroxicam -toceranib, a significant tumour reduction occurred, but the dog was euthanized after days because of a relapse. Crystal structure of a 2: In the co-crystal, one piroxicam molecule is in its neutral form and an intramolecular O—H O hydrogen bond is observed.
The other piroxicam molecule is zwitterionic proton transfer from the OH group to the pyridine N atom and two intramolecular N—H O hydrogen bonds occur. The gentisic acid molecule shows whole-molecule disorder over two sets of sites in a 0. Indirect spectrophotometric determination of propranolol hydrochloride and piroxicam in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Two simple and sensitive indirect spectrophotometric methods for the assay of propranolol hydrochloride PPH and piroxicam PX in pure and pharmaceutical formulations have been proposed.
The absorbance values decreased linearly with increasing concentration of the drugs. The systems obeyed Beer's law over the concentration ranges of 0. Molar absorptivity values, as calculated from Beer's law data, were found to be 1. The common excipients and additives did not interfere with their determinations. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the determinations of PPH and PX in various dosage forms.
The results obtained by the proposed methods compare favorably with those of official methods. We present a simple and green approach for synthesis of gold nanoparticles AuNps using analgesic drug diflunisal DF as capping and stabilizing agent in aqueous solution. Characterization of the synthesized diflunisal-derived gold nanoparticles DF-AuNps was performed by ultraviolet-visible UV-Vis spectroscopy, revealing the surface plasmon absorption band at nm under optimized experimental conditions.
Fourier-transform infrared FTIR spectroscopy established the effective interaction of the capping agent with the AuNps. Topographical features of the synthesized DF-AuNps were assessed by atomic force microscopy AFM , revealing average particle height of 29 nm to 32 nm. X-ray diffractometry was used to study the crystalline nature, revealing that the synthesized DF-AuNps possessed excellent crystalline properties.
The synthesized DF-AuNps were employed to modify the surface of glassy carbon electrode GCE for selective determination of piroxicam PX using differential pulse voltammetry technique. The current response of the fabricated sensor was found to be linear in the PX concentration range of 0. The proposed sensor was successfully utilized for sensitive and rapid determination of PX in human serum, urine, and pharmaceutical samples.
An open comparative study of dispersible piroxicam versus soluble acetylsalicylic acid for the treatment of osteoarticular painful attack during sickle cell crisis. Main investigational criteria were pain relief, limitation of movement, fever, and insomnia or agitation. Both groups were well-matched at the commencement of therapy but most patients on piroxicam showed remarkable and significant pain relief and improvement in other parameters within 24 h. Unwanted effects were absent in the piroxicam -treated group whereas those treated with aspirin experienced nausea and vomiting.
There were no significant changes in liver function tests with both forms of treatment. Oral piroxicam is an effective and safe treatment in the management of the osteoarticular painful crisis in sickle cell anaemia. It might prevent the use of parenteral analgesics and hospitalization and reduce the loss of school hours in patients who are being treated for bone pain crises that characterize sickle cell anaemia. Solid-state, triboelectrostatic and dissolution characteristics of spray-dried piroxicam -glucosamine solid dispersions.
This work explores the use of both spray drying and d-glucosamine HCl GLU as a hydrophilic carrier to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam PXM whilst investigating the electrostatic charges associated with the spray drying process. Dissolution and triboelectric charging were also conducted. XRPD results also showed the spray drying process to decrease the crystallinity of GLU and solid dispersions produced.
GLU at a ratio of 2: Spray drying of PXM: GLU solid dispersions can be used to produce formulation powders with practically no charge and thereby improving handling as well as dissolution behaviour of PXM. Increased localized delivery of piroxicam by cationic nanoparticles after intra-articular injection.
However, its oral administration often results in serious gastrointestinal adverse effects including duodenal ulceration. Thus, a novel cationic nanoparticle NP was explored to minimize the systemic exposure and increase the retention time of PRX in the joint after intra-articular IA injection, by forming micrometer-sized electrostatic clusters with endogenous hyaluronic acid HA in the synovial cavity. PRX-loaded NPs consisting of poly lactic- co -glycolic acid , Eudragit RL, and polyvinyl alcohol were constructed with the following characteristics: In an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats, area under the plasma concentration-time curve AUC h and maximum plasma concentration C max of PRX after IA injection of the cationic NPs were Piroxicam and doxycycline treatment for an oral squamous cell carcinoma in an inshore bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus.
The virus family Papillomaviridae has been documented in a wide range of animal species and can cause benign and malignant proliferative lesions. The presence of concurrent lingual papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas SCC in cetaceans has also been documented in both wild and captive populations, suggesting malignant transformation of benign papilloma to SCC may occur in this species. In , a year-old captive male inshore bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus was diagnosed with papillomatous lesions on the intermandibular frenulum rostral to the tongue and an infiltrative SCC of the soft palate following biopsy and histological analysis.
A treatment regimen of piroxicam and doxycycline was initiated with misoprostol as a gastroprotectant. The treatment resulted in a marked reduction in tumour size and reversible hepatotoxicosis. Subsequent biopsies revealed the presence of SCC in the oral cavity; however, the disease remains stable at the time of writing. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first report of piroxicam and doxycycline used to treat SCC in a bottlenose dolphin. The treatment was successful in reducing the clinical presentation of the disease. Piroxicam is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other inflammatory diseases.
Upon oral administration, it is reported to cause ulcerative colitis, gastrointestinal irritation, edema and peptic ulcer. Hence, an alternative delivery system has been designed in the form of transethosome. The present study describes the preparation, optimization, characterization, and ex vivo study of piroxicam -loaded transethosomal gel using the central composite design. Formulation was optimized by measuring drug retention in the skin, drug permeation, entrapment efficiency, and vesicle size.
Optimized formulation was incorporated in hydrogel and compared with other analogous vesicular liposomes, ethosomes, and transfersomes gels for the aforementioned responses. Among the various lipids used, soya phosphatidylcholine SPL 70 and ethanol in various percentages were found to affect drug retention in the skin, drug permeation, vesicle size, and entrapment efficiency. The optimized batch of transethosome has shown It was observed that the developed transethosomes were found superior in all the responses as compared to other vesicular formulations with improved stability and highest elasticity.
Similar observations were noted with its gel formulation. Piroxicam , indomethacin and aspirin action on a murine fibrosarcoma. Effects on tumour-associated and peritoneal macrophages. All of these parameters were markedly higher in TAM than in peritoneal macrophages PM derived from the same animal. On the other hand, PM from tumour-bearing mice showed lower activation parameters than PM from normal animals. We also studied the effect on tumour development of three inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis: Intraperitoneal administration of these drugs during 8 d was followed by the regression of palpable tumours.
The growth rate of nonregressing tumours, which had reached different volumes by the end of the treatment, was delayed to a similar extent by the three anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs NSAID. With respect to TAM, the treatment did not induce any significant change in their activation state, though both piroxicam and indomethacin increased slightly the TAM number. In contrast, NSAID administration was followed by a remarkable increase in the activation parameters of PM when compared with PM from tumour-bearing mice receiving no treatment.
Indeed, these parameters were in some cases higher than those of PM from normal mice. A drop in haematocrit was also noted which was most probably a consequence of tumour growth rather than of the treatment. The ability to correlate mechanical and chemical characterization techniques in real time is both lacking and powerful tool for gaining insights into material behavior. This is demonstrated through use of a novel nanoindentation device equipped with Raman spectroscopy to explore the deformation-induced structural changes in piroxicam crystals.
The results of this study demonstrate the considerable potential of an in situ Raman nanoindentation instrument for studying a variety of topics, including stress-induced phase transformation mechanisms, mechanochemistry, and solid state reactivity under mechanical forces that occur in molecular and pharmaceutical solids.
Femtosecond dynamics of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug piroxicam in solution: The involvement of twisting motion. In this contribution, we report on fast and ultrafast dynamics of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, piroxicam PX , in methyl acetate MAC and triacetin TAC , two solvents of different viscosities. The enol form of PX undergoes a femtosecond shorter than fs electronically excited state intramolecular proton-transfer reaction to produce keto tautomers. Treatment of eight dogs with nasal tumours with alternating doses of doxorubicin and carboplatin in conjunction with oral piroxicam.
To determine the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in the treatment of canine nasal tumours. Retrospective clinical study Eight dogs with histologically confirmed nasal tumours were staged by means of complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, cytological analysis of fine needle aspirate of the regional lymph nodes, thoracic radiographs and computed tomography scan of the nasal cavity.
All dogs were treated with alternating doses of doxorubicin, carboplatin and oral piroxicam. All dogs were monitored for side effects of chemotherapy and evaluated for response to treatment by computed tomography scan of the nasal cavity after the first four treatments. Complete remission was achieved in four dogs, partial remission occurred in two dogs and two had stable disease on the basis of computed tomography evaluation.
There was resolution of clinical signs after one to two doses of chemotherapy in all dogs. This chemotherapy protocol was efficacious and well tolerated in this series of eight cases of canine nasal tumours. Determination of piroxicam in pharmaceutical preparations by ultraviolet direct spectrophotometry, ultraviolet difference spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. For UVS, Beer's law was obeyed in the range 3. The recovery average RA was The RA was The response peak area versus concentration presented linearity in the range The CV was 0. The ratio of metal: Pir is found to be 1: The kinetic parameters of thermogravimetric and its differential, such as activation energy, entropy of activation, enthalpy of activation, and Gibbs free energy evaluated using Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger equations for Pir and complexes.
The geometry of the piroxicam drug in the Free State differs significantly from that in the metal complex. In the time of metal ion-drug bond formation the drug switches-on from the closed structure equilibrium geometry to the open one. The antimicrobial tests were assessed towards some types of bacteria and fungi. The in vitro cell cytotoxicity of the complexes in comparison with Pir against colon carcinoma HCT cell line was measured.
Optimized geometrical structure of piroxicam ligand by using DFT calculations. Long-term use of a new topical formulation containing piroxicam 0. A proof of concept study. Cyclooxygenase COX 1 and 2 enzyme up-regulation is involved in the pathogenetic process of actinic keratosis A. Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory N.
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Piroxicam is a N. We conducted an 18 month exploratory open-label study on A. Enrolled subjects applied a galenic formulation of piroxicam 0. Subjects were then followed up for additional 12 months. Thirty-eight subjects with a total of 69 A. A score assessing erythema, scale, and atrophy of a target A.
After 6 months of treatment, A. At the end of follow-up, A. Adverse events were limited to mild local irritation. Our experience suggests that 6 month topical piroxicam 0. Clinical efficacy is maintained 1 year post-treatment. The main limitation of our study is that it was an open label non-controlled trial. Future controlled trials are warranted in order to compare the efficacy and tolerability of this topical. Towards improved solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs: Amorphous solid dispersions SDs open up exciting opportunities in formulating poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients APIs.
In the present study, novel catalytic pretreated softwood cellulose CPSC and polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP were investigated as carrier polymers for preparing and stabilizing cryogenic co-ground SDs of poorly water-soluble piroxicam PRX. CPSC was isolated from pine wood Pinus sylvestris. High-resolution scanning electron microscope SEM was used to analyze the particle size and surface morphology of starting materials and final cryogenic co-ground SDs. In addition, the molecular aspects of drug-polymer interactions and stabilization mechanisms are presented.
The results showed that the carrier polymer influenced both the degree of amorphization of PRX and stabilization against crystallization. In conclusion, cryogenic co-grinding provides a versatile method for preparing amorphous SDs of poorly water-soluble APIs. The solid-state stability and dissolution behavior of such co-ground SDs are to a great extent dependent on the carrier polymer used. This work was aimed at investigating the feasibility of fluid-bed coating as a new method to prepare cyclodextrin inclusion complex. The inclusion complex of the model drug piroxicam PIX and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin HPCD in aqueous ethanol solution was sprayed and deposited onto the surface of the pellet substrate upon removal of the solvent.
The coating process was fluent with high coating efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a coarse pellet surface, and a loosely packed coating structure. It is concluded that fluid-bed coating has potential to be used as a new technique to prepare cyclodextrin inclusion complex.
Toxic effects and antitumor response of gemcitabine in combination with piroxicam treatment in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. To investigate whether combined treatment with gemcitabine and piroxicam in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma TCC of the urinary bladder is tolerated and provides an advantage in terms of survival time over previously reported treatments. Animals dogs with TCC of the urinary bladder. Complete blood cell counts were monitored prior to each gemcitabine treatment.
All toxic effects of gemcitabine in dogs were recorded. Primary tumors were ultrasonographically reevaluated after 4 gemcitabine treatments. In response to treatment, 10 of 38 Grade 1 neutropenia developed in 6 All dogs had improvement of clinical signs of disease. Two dogs had a complete tumor response, 8 had a partial response, 19 had stable disease, and 8 had progressive disease.
Median survival time with treatment was days. Administration of gemcitabine in combination with piroxicam treatment failed to provide a longer overall survival time in dogs with TCC of the urinary bladder, compared with previously reported treatment strategies. However, this combination of chemotherapy did provide a new treatment alternative with fewer adverse effects.
Patient demographics were not significantly different between both groups. Nine toceranib-treated and 11 control dogs completed the study without evidence of metastatic disease 1-year following amputation. Toceranib-treated dogs experienced more episodes of diarrhea, neutropenia and weight loss than control dogs, although these toxicities were low-grade and typically resolved with supportive care.
The addition of toceranib to metronomic piroxicam. Effects of D, a product isolated from beeswax, on gastric symptoms of patients with osteoarthritis treated with piroxicam: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs are indicated for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, but often induce gastric adverse experiences AE , including gastric ulcers and complications. Inhibitors of proton pump and H 2 antagonists are very effective for duodenal ulcer; meanwhile, cytoprotective drugs are more effective for gastric ulcer. D is a mixture of higher aliphatic alcohols obtained from beeswax, wherein triacontanol is the most abundant.
D induces anti-ulcer effects through a cytoprotective mechanism, being more effective in protecting against ethanol- and NSAID-induced ulcers. The present double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was undertaken to investigate the effects of D on gastric symptoms associated to piroxicam use on patients suffering osteoarthritis.
The primary efficacy variable was the reduction on the frequency of patients with gastric AE compared with placebo. Pain evolution was investigated to discard any influence on D on the analgesic effect of piroxicam. Treatment was well tolerated. Two patients discontinued from the study because of gastrointestinal AE: Other three patients discontinued because of other AE: It is concluded that D could be useful for.
Crystallization was achieved by controlled addition of the feed solution through the membrane pores into a well-stirred antisolvent. A complete transformation of an anhydrous form I into a monohydrate form of PRX was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.
HPMC provided better steric stabilization of microcrystals against agglomeration than poly vinyl alcohol and Pluronic P, due to hydrogen bonding interactions with PRX and water. Rapid pouring of Milli-Q water into the feed solution resulted in a mixture of highly polydispersed prism-shaped and needle-shaped crystals. We investigated their in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis to understand which compounds are, after digestion, responsible for keeping poorly water-soluble drugs in solution.
The precipitation of piroxicam and cinnarizine formulated in these excipients during the gastrointestinal lipolysis was also studied. Monoacylglycerols and PEG monoesters are the largest compounds present at the end of gastric phase whereas PEG-monoesters are the largest compounds after the duodenal phase. The precipitation of piroxicam is mainly due to the gastric lipolysis. In the control experiments performed without digestive lipases, cinnarizine formulated in Labrasol was found to precipitate upon dilution of the gastric medium to form the solution mimicking the duodenal medium.
In the presence of gastric lipase, Labrasol was hydrolyzed and the precipitation of cinnarizine was not observed in this case. Our study highlights the importance of the gastrointestinal lipolysis and the associated phenomena such as the dilution of chyme by biliary and pancreatic secretions in vivo, on the solubilisation of poorly water-soluble drugs formulated with lipid-based excipients. Ultrasound combined transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation UltraTENS versus phonophoresis of piroxicam PhP in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A randomized double-blind, controlled trial.
Ultrasound combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation UltraTENS and phonophoresis of piroxicam PhP are combined modality therapy that frequently used in musculoskeletal pain including knee osteoarthritis OA. But it is lack of a good clinical trial to prove and compare their effects. Sixty-one patients 55 women , mean age of All patients were treated for a total of 10 sessions, consisting of five times per week and 10 min per session. The present investigation aimed at evaluating the use of different excipients, beta-lactose and polyvinylpyrrolidone of two molecular weights PVP K12 and PVP K90 , in the production of improved release piroxicam granules, by wet granulation using both water and steam as granulation liquid.
The formulations examined were: The most significant difference between beta-lactose and PVP is that, using the first excipient, both steam and water granules were produced while, when PVP were employed, only steam granules were obtained.
Image analysis revealed that beta-lactose steam granules had a larger surface area with respect to water granules, whereas lower values of this parameter were observed in PVP-s granules, confirming the Scanning Electron Microscopy micrographs and the fractal analysis results. As regards the enhancement of the dissolution profiles, the best result was obtained using beta-lactose steam granules followed by PVP K12 ones, even if the reactive dimension values indicated that during the dissolution process PVP K12 granules modified the surface more than beta-lactose granules.
As regards PVP K90, this excipient was the one less influencing the granule morphology and the dissolution behaviour. Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis suggested the partial amorphisation of the drug in the granules containing the three excipients. This result was then confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Therefore, beta-lactose and PVP K12 could be proposed as useful excipients to enhance the dissolution rate of Px from granules prepared using the steam granulation technique.
La fuente de datos es la Encuesta de Gasto de Bolsillo en Medicamentos de Published by Elsevier Inc. Microemulsions containing long-chain oil ethyl oleate improve the oral bioavailability of piroxicam by increasing drug solubility and lymphatic transportation simultaneously.
Drug solubility and lymphatic transport enhancements are two main pathways to improve drug oral bioavailability for microemulsions. However, it is not easy to have both achieved simultaneously because excipients used for improving lymphatic transport were usually insufficient in forming microemulsions and solubilizing drugs. Our research is to explore whether ethyl oleate, an oil effective in developing microemulsions with desired solubilizing capability, could increase bioavailability to a higher extent by enhancing lymphatic transport. As a long-chain oil, ethyl oleate won larger microemulsion area than short-chain tributyrin and medium-chain GTCC.
In contrast, long-chain soybean oil failed to prepare microemulsions. The solubility of piroxicam in ethyl oleate microemulsions ME-C increased by about 30 times than in water. These results suggest that improving lymphatic transport and solubility simultaneously might be a novel strategy to increase drug oral bioavailability to a higher extent than increasing solubility only.
Ethyl oleate is a preferred oil candidate due to its integrated advantages of high solubilizing capability, large microemulsion area and effective lymphatic transport. Effects of low-dose cyclophosphamide with piroxicam on tumour neovascularization in a canine oral malignant melanoma-xenografted mouse model. Low-dose cyclophosphamide CyLD has shown promise in the treatment of several cancers; however, the effect of CyLD on canine oral malignant melanoma has never been explored.
In this study, we investigated the effects of CyLD with or without piroxicam Px on tumour neovascularization and vascular normalization in a canine oral malignant melanoma-xenografted mice model. After treatment with CyLD, Px or a combination of both CyPx , the growth of the tumour in the treatment groups was significantly suppressed compared to the control group at 30 days of treatment.
Proliferation index was also significantly reduced by all treatments, only CyPx significantly lowered microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF levels. These results suggested that CyPx has potent anti-angiogenic effects in terms of both the number and quality of blood vessels in xenografted canine oral malignant melanoma. Synthesis and thermal characterization of new ternary chelates of piroxicam and tenoxicam with glycine and DL-phenylalanine and some transition metals.
IR spectra confirm that Pir and Ten behave as a neutral bidentate ligand coordinated to the metal ions via the pyridine-N and carbonyl group of the amide moiety. Gly molecule acted as a uninegatively monodentate ligand and coordinate to the metal ions through its deprotonated carboxylic group. In addition, PhA acted as a uninegatively bidentate ligand and coordinate to the metal ions through its deprotonated carboxylic and amino groups. The solid reflectance spectra and magnetic moment measurements confirm that all the chelates have octahedral geometrical structures while Cu II - and Zn II -ternary chelates with PhA have square planar geometrical structures.
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TG results show that water molecules hydrated and coordinated and anions are removed in the first and second steps while Gly, PhA, Pir and Ten are decomposed in the next and subsequent steps. The pyrolyses of the chelates into different gases are observed in the DTA curves as exo- or endothermic peaks. Also, phase transition states are observed in some chelates. Different thermodynamic parameters are calculated using Coats-Redfern method and the results are interpreted.
IR spectra confirm that Pir and Ten behave as a neutral bidentate ligand coordinated to the metal ions via the pyridine- N and carbonyl group of the amide moiety. The impact of toceranib, piroxicam and thalidomide with or without hypofractionated radiation therapy on clinical outcome in dogs with inflammatory mammary carcinoma. In dogs, inflammatory mammary carcinoma is a clinicopathological entity characterized by rapid progression and aggressive behavior from onset of disease. Reported median survival time is short, with no effective treatment options. The aims of this prospective, noncontrolled clinical trial were to investigate outcome variables and safety profile of toceranib, thalidomide and piroxicam with or without hypofractionated radiation therapy in dogs with measurable histologically confirmed inflammatory mammary carcinoma that underwent a complete staging.
Eighteen dogs were enrolled: Overall, median time to progression was 34 days and median survival time was days. Overall, treatment was well tolerated, with mild gastrointestinal and dermatological adverse events. Although the optimal treatment to this disease remains uncertain, the current approach consisting of systemic anti-angiogenic drugs with or without hypofractionated radiation therapy, provided clinical benefit in a significant proportion of dogs and should, therefore, be further explored. Pain alleviation and improvement of functional status are the main objectives in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Artemisia absinthium AA was used traditionally in reducing pain and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of topical formulations of AA and piroxicam gel PG among patients with knee osteoarthritis. In total, 90 outpatients aged years with the diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis in at least one knee were enrolled in a randomized double-blind clinical trial.
The patients were visited at baseline, week 4, and week 6. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version All groups had similar patient demographics. The administration of PG significantly improved all tested criteria with no recurrence after discontinuing the treatment protocol.
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Alleviation was comparable to PG. Administration of Artemisia ointment may have beneficial effects in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric assay of piroxicam in pure form, capsule and human blood serum samples via ion-pair complex formation.
A simple, accurate and highly sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the rapid determination of piroxicam PX in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method involves formation of stable yellow colored ion-pair complexes of the amino derivative basic nitrogen of PX with three sulphonphthalein acid dyes namely; bromocresol green BCG , bromothymol blue BTB , bromophenol blue BPB in acidic medium. The colored species exhibited absorption maxima at , and nm with molar absorptivity values of 9.
The effect of optimum conditions via acidity, reagent concentration, time and solvent were studied. The reactions were extremely rapid at room temperature and the absorbance values remained constant for 48h. The composition ratio of the ion-pair complexes were found to be 1: No interference was observed from common additives and excipients which may be present in the pharmaceutical preparations.
The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of PX in capsule and human blood serum samples with good accuracy and precision. Liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of captopril, piroxicam , and amlodipine in bulk drug, pharmaceutical formulation, and human serum by programming the detector. Linearity was found to be 0. All the validated parameters were in the acceptable range.
The recovery of drugs was This method is applicable for the analysis of drugs in bulk drug, tablets, serum, and in clinical samples without interference of excipients or endogenous serum components. Lesion and field-targeted treatments of actinic keratosis AK are commonly indicated for grade I and II type lesions. Grade III lesions are in general more difficult to treat. A film-forming medical device containing piroxicam 0. Topical and oral retinoids have been utilized in AK and non-melanoma skin cancers. Topical glycolic acid promotes keratolysis and stimulates collagen synthesis for repair and skin rejuvenation and could be useful in AK treatment strategies.
A gel containing retinoid acid 0. The primary endpoint was the evolution of the AK mean number from baseline to the end of the trial. Secondary endpoints were the thickness of the target lesion expressed in mm 3 and the erythema score hemoglobin content , evaluated using a standardized computer-based image acquisition analysis system Anthera 3D. At baseline, the mean SD lesion number was 7. Sunscreen protection in subjects with actinic keratosis AK is highly recommended to prevent clinical evolution of this in situ skin cancer condition.
Use of topical anti-cyclooxygenase drugs such as diclofenac and piroxicam reduces the number of lesions and improves the cancerization field. A total of 70 subjects with at least three AK lesions on the scalp or face were enrolled after written informed consent. Primary outcomes of the study were the clinical evolution of number of AK lesions on a target zone area and the evolution of dermoscopy features of the target lesion, assessing erythema, scaling, pigmentation, and follicular plug, using a 5 point score from 0 to 4; maximum score: Lesion count and dermoscopy score were evaluated in a blind fashion assessing digital color high definition coded images.
IGS was evaluated in an open fashion. All but one subject 40 men and 30 women, mean age 73 years concluded the study period.
Dermoscopy score was reduced to 3. The UV-Vis spectra of Pir and the effect of metal chelation on the different interligand transitions are discussed in detailed manner. IR and UV-Vis spectra confirm that Pir behaves as a neutral bidentate ligand coordinated to the metal ions via the pyridine-N and carbonyl group of the amide moiety. Gly molecule acted as a uninegatively monodentate ligand and coordinate to the metal ions through its carboxylic group, in addition PhA acted as a uninegatively bidentate ligand and coordinate to the metal ions through its carboxylic and amino groups.
X-ray powder diffraction is used as a new tool to estimate the crystallinity of chelates as well as to elucidate their geometrical structures. IR and UV-Vis spectra confirm that Pir behaves as a neutral bidentate ligand coordinated to the metal ions via the pyridine- N and carbonyl group of the amide moiety. Abuso de Medicamentos Prescritos y la Juventud: Prescription drugs, a category of psychotherapeutics that comprises prescription-type pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives, are among the substances most commonly abused by young people in the United States.
Prescription drugs are readily available and can easily be obtained by teenagers who abuse these drugs to experience a….
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To describe the frequency of adverse drugs events ADEs as possible causes of request of drugs not included in national essential Medicines list in Colombia. This was a descriptive study developed in a private medical insurance company in Bogota, Colombia. Data were obtained from drug request form of drugs not included in a national essential Medicines list. We analyzed the content of the notes to identify the records related to the occurrence of ADEs in the period to Information concerning the adverse event and the drug involved was recorded in a data collection instrument developed by the researchers.
We study 3, request forms of drugs not included in a national essential Medicines list. The great majority was cases of light severity The results of this study support the innovative approach of using request form of drug not included in national essential Medicines list to obtain information regarding ADEs in developing countries; recognizing the importance of looking for new sources of report of adverse reactions to diminish the under-notification of ADEs.
An effective dissolution enhancer for poorly water-soluble drug. The aim of the present work was to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam by inclusion into template occluded SBA X-ray powder diffraction and DSC analysis reveal that the included piroxicam is arranged in amorphous form. N 2 adsorption-desorption experiment indicates that the piroxicam has been introduced to the mesopores instead of precipitating at the outside of the silica material.
The inclusion compound was submitted to in vitro dissolution tests, the results show that the piroxicam dissolve from template occluded inclusion compound more rapidly, than these from the piroxicam crystalline and template removed samples in all tested conditions. Thus a facile method to improve the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drug was established, and this discovery opens a new avenue for the utilization of templates used for the synthesis of mesoporous materials.
In the methodology for preparing the manuals at HC-Unicamp since , the premise was to obtain a document that is participatory, multidisciplinary, focused on work processes integrated with institutional rules, with objective and didactic descriptions, in a standardized format and with electronic dissemination.
Published in the electronic portal of HC Manuals in July as an e-Book ISBN , the manual has been a valuable instrument in guiding professionals in healthcare, teaching and research activities. The effect of prostaglandin PG inhibitors differing in their chemical nature, viz. Aspirin acetylsalicylic acid , Mefenamic acid fenamates , Diclofenac phenylacetic acid derivative and Piroxicam oxicam derivative on the adrenal hormones was studied in acutely stressed pigeons.
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None of these PG blockers exerted any significant effect on the catecholamine and corticosterone content of the control, i. Aspirin, diclofenac and piroxicam did not modulate the catecholamine or corticosterone secretion whereas mefenamic acid caused a released of both epinephrine and norepinephrine and increased the adrenal corticosterone content in the acutely stressed pigeons. These results were compared with those obtained from studies on the effects of other chemically different PG blockers, indomethacin a methylated indole derivative and ibuprofen a propionic acid derivative.
It is suggested that chemically and structurally different PG inhibitors show diverse action in the same species under similar stress conditions. However, the overall resounding rejection was that it differed from many organic military medical tasks and sup- planted those tasks Biodegradation and kinetics of organic compounds and heavy metals in an artificial wetland system AWS by using water hyacinths as a biological filter.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the ability of water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes to absorb organic compounds potassium hydrogen phthalate, sodium tartrate, malathion, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid 2,4-D , and piroxicam. For the aforementioned purpose, an artificial wetland system AWS was constructed and filled with water hyacinth collected from the Valsequillo Reservoir, Puebla, Mexico. Potassium hydrogen phthalate and sodium tartrate were measured in terms of chemical oxygen demand COD and biological oxygen demand BOD.
The present study indicated that the water hyacinths absorbed nearly 1. The results also indicated that the maximum absorbance efficiency of malathion, 2,4-D, and piroxicam was observed to be The kinetics of organic compounds fitted different orders as malathion followed a zeroth-order reaction, while 2,4-D and piroxicam followed the first-order reactions.
Preliminary assessment of absorption of heavy metals by the water hyacinth in the AWS was observed to be all values in mg g -1 7 Ni , Study of osteoarthritis treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs: Due to their inhibition of the inflammatory cascade, the drugs affect the balance of matrix metalloproteinases MMPs and inflammatory cytokines, resulting in preservation of extracellular matrix ECM. Both prednisone and celecoxib decreased MMP-1 and PGE-2 production while the nonspecific piroxicam decreased only the latter. Both prednisone and celecoxib decreased gene expression of MMP-1 and increased expression of aggrecan.
Increased gene expression of type II collagen was also noted with celecoxib. The nonspecific piroxicam did not show these effects. In vivo, celecoxib increases aggrecan synthesis and suppresses MMP In conclusion, this study demonstrates that celecoxib and steroids exert similar effects on MMP-1 and PGE2 production in vitro and that celecoxib may demonstrate beneficial effects on anabolic metabolism in vivo. Ranitidine is a generally well-tolerated drug, and serious side effects are rare. However, ranitidine-induced anaphylaxis has been reported on rare occasions.
We report on such a case and review other cases reported in the literature. A year-old man with no history of other medications, illnesses or allergic diseases, especially to drugs, consulted our emergency department because of renal colic and epigastric discomfort. He was given 50 mg of ranitidine as a slow intravenous bolus and 20 mg of piroxicam intramuscularly.
Within the first minute, the patient developed a cold sweat, trembling, dyspnoea and deterioration of his consciousness. The condition was considered as an anaphylactic shock, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation and inotropic support were immediately commenced. Two days later, he was weaned off the ventilator as he was haemodynamically stable. He was discharged after 7 days. Four weeks later, skin prick tests to ranitidine and piroxicam were performed on the forearm of the patient.
He reacted strongly to ranitidine about 10 min later but not to piroxicam. To assess cross-reactivity to other H2- and H1-receptor antagonists in our patient, we subsequently performed prick tests to famotidine, cimetidine and desloratadine and all were negative. We re-emphasize a potentially serious, albeit very rare, adverse effect of ranitidine and summarize other reported cases.
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This case demonstrates that commonly used, generally safe drugs may on occasions cause serious adverse effects. Relationship between crystal structure and solid-state properties of pharmaceuticals. This thesis strives to understand the structure-property relationships of some pharmaceutical crystals at the molecular level with emphasis on the effect of secondary processing on the solid phase. Using single crystal X-ray diffractometry SCXRD , the structure of warfarin sodium 2-propanol adduct W was established to be a true solvate, contrary to previous reports.
Using dynamic water vapor sorption, optical and environmental scanning electron microscopy, SCXRD, powder X-ray diffractometry PXRD , volume computations and molecular modeling, the effect of relative humidity and temperature on the crystal structure of W was investigated. Ab initio calculations on piroxicam showed that the difference in energy between the two polymorphs, I and II, arises predominantly from the difference between their lattice energies. The detailed hydrogen bonding networks of the two polymorphs are described and compared using graph sets.
Despite stabilization of the polymorphs by hydrogen bonds, pair-wise distribution function transforms show a loss of polymorphic memory upon cryogrinding the two polymorphs, leading to a difference in recrystallization behavior between amorphous piroxicam prepared from polymorphs I and II. Structural and solid-state changes of piroxicam polymorphs under mechanical stress were investigated using cryogenic grinding, PXRD, diffuse-reflectance solid-state ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and diffuse-reflectance solid-state Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
Intermolecular proton transfer was found to accompany changes in phase and color observed upon cryogrinding the two polymorphs. Model-free and model-fitting studies of the dehydration kinetics of piroxicam monohydrate PM showed the dependence of activation energy Ea on both isothermal and non-isothermal heating conditions, and on the fraction of conversion. In the constant-E a region, isothermal dehydration follows the two. Influence of different recombinant systems on the cooperativity exhibited by cytochrome PA4.
The in vitro cooperativity exhibited by cytochrome P CYP 3A4 is influenced by the nature of the recombinant system in which the phenomenon is studied. Diclofenac, piroxicam and R-warfarin were used as model substrates, and quinidine was the effector. The 5-, 5'- and hydroxylation of diclofenac, piroxicam and R-warfarin, respectively, were enhanced five- to sevenfold by quinidine in human liver microsomal incubations.
Whereas these cooperative drug interactions were apparent in incubations with CYP3A4 expressed in human lymphoblast cells, similar phenomena were not observed with the enzyme expressed in insect cells. Insect cell microsomes were treated with a detergent and CYP3A4 was solubilized into a buffer medium. In incubations with CYP3A4 'freed' from its host membrane, the 5-hydroxylation of diclofenac increased with increasing quinidine concentrations, reaching a maximal eightfold elevation relative to controls.
The metabolism of piroxicam and warfarin was similarly enhanced by quinidine. Kinetically, enhancement by quinidine of the 5-hydroxylation of diclofenac in incubations with solubilized CYP3A4 was characterized by increases in the rate of metabolism with little change in the substrate-binding affinity. Conversely, the 3-hydroxylation of quinidine was not affected by diclofenac. The data suggest that certain properties of CYP3A4 are masked by expression of the protein in insect cells and reinforce the concept that the enzyme possesses multiple binding domains.
The absence of cooperative drug interactions with quinidine when CYP3A4 was expressed in insect cells might be due to an absence of enzyme conformation changes on quinidine binding, or the inability of quinidine to gain access to a putative effector-binding domain. Caution should be exercised when comparing models for CYP3A4 cooperativity derived from different recombinant preparations of the enzyme. Concomitant monitoring of implant formation and drug release of in situ forming poly lactide-co-glycolide acid implants in a hydrogel matrix mimicking the subcutis using UV-vis imaging.
For poly lactide-co-glycolide acid PLGA -based in situ forming implants, the rate of implant formation plays an important role in determining the overall drug release kinetics. Currently, in vitro techniques capable of characterizing the processes of drug release and implant formation at the same time are not available. A hydrogel-based in vitro experimental setup was recently developed requiring only microliter of formulation and forming a closed system potentially suitable for interfacing with various spectroscopic techniques.
The aim of the present proof-of-concept study was to investigate the feasibility of concomitant UV imaging, Vis imaging and light microscopy for detailed characterization of the behavior of in situ forming PLGA implants in the hydrogel matrix mimicking the subcutis. Upon bringing the PLGA-solvent-compound pre-formulation in contact with the hydrogel, Vis imaging and light microscopy were applied to visualize the depot formation and UV imaging was used to quantify drug transport in the hydrogel.
A linear relationship between the rate of implant formation and initial compound release within the first 4h was established for the PLGA-NMP systems. This implies that phase separation may be one of the controlling factors in drug release. The rate of implant formation may be an important parameter for predicting and tailoring drug release.
The approach combining UV imaging, Vis imaging and light microscopy may facilitate understanding of release processes and holds potential for becoming a useful tool in formulation development of in situ forming. Skip over global navigation links U. After someone is diagnosed with ADHD , doctors Effect of prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist, CJ,, in rat models of pain and inflammation.
Recent study suggests that the proinflammatory and nociceptive effects of prostaglandin E 2 are mediated by prostanoid receptor subtype EP 4 and prostanoid EP 4 receptor may be a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory pain. Orally administered CJ, dose-dependently inhibited carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia with an ED 50 value of 4. When CJ, and rofecoxib were administered to adjuvant-induced arthritis rats on Days twice daily, both compounds reversed paw swelling to normal levels. There is some evidence that nabumetone mg once daily in comparison with piroxicam 20 mg once daily in patients with OA in general practice is associated with a lower incidence and less severe occurrence of stomach pain but with more withdrawals due to lack of efficacy.
The aim of this analysis was to investigate whether these differences are reflected in health-related quality of life assessments. The patients were randomized and treated for a period of six weeks. You can also comment the excursion from the bottom. A SCORM package is a collection of files which are packaged according to an agreed standard for learning objects.
SCORM packages are zip files that can be integrated in any LMS Learning Management System that supports the standard Moodle, Blackboard, … and that can be used for presenting multimedia content and as assessment tools. Si continua navegando consideramos que acepta el uso de cookies. Language Spanish Created at October 10, Show more Metadata views. Excursion Interactive Presentation Title: Modelos de Arquitectura de Red Description: Medium Tipical Learning Time: Computer Science,Technology,Telecommunications Educational objectives: