What is the Mediterranean diet?

The Mediterranean diet has come to be viewed, at times, as a high-cost option for the elite, especially when transplanted from its rustic roots to an urban North American setting 7. Yet it might become a potential cultural model for low-energy-density diets everywhere. The present analyses explored the interrelations between energy density, nutrient density and the energy cost of foods and food groups said to be characteristic of the Mediterranean diet. The goal was to resolve a common dilemma. Foods with most nutrients and least energy tend to be the most expensive, at least on a per unit of energy MJ, kcal basis.

As food prices rise or the food budget shrinks , the first items dropped from the diet are the most costly and most healthful options: Energy-dense refined grains, sugars and fat remain to fill hungry stomachs 8 , 9. Lower cost, yet nutritious options are rarely considered, partly because their use can violate social norms. With a few exceptions, pulses, legumes, nuts, dried fruit and canned fish are not a part of mainstream American diet. By contrast, they can be easily incorporated within a Mediterranean eating pattern.

The Mediterranean diet provides a ready-made mechanism to include many such low-cost yet nutritious foods within a perfectly acceptable social and gastronomic framework. High-quality nutrition and high social acceptability might be the two advantages of the new Mediterranean diet. In , Trichopoulou et al. Based on dietary data collected using food frequency questionnaires, individual diets received one point if their consumption of specific foods or food groups was above the population median.

No points were awarded if consumption fell below the median. Based on previous research, the following foods, food groups and nutrients were said to be the essence of the traditional Mediterranean diet: Similarly, foods considered detrimental to health were also scored according to whether the individual consumption was above 0 points or below the median 1 point. Foods in the latter category included meat, poultry, and dairy products. Finally, scores for beneficial and detrimental food classifications were added together for a final score, ranging from 0 to 9.

Higher scores, indicating higher adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet were associated with lower total mortality rates and with reduced death due to cancer or coronary heart disease 10 — A few months later, Goulet, et al. The beneficial foods in the Mediterranean diet were identified as vegetables, legumes, fruits, nuts, whole grain cereals, poultry, fish, canola and olive oils, and low-fat dairy products.

These principles are summarized in Table 1 below. Comparison of Mediterranean diet scoring as described by by Trichopoulou, et al. Because water provides weight but no energy, it contributes more to the energy density of foods than does any macronutrient, fat included.


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Energy density of key foods and food groups in the Mediterranean diet was assessed using nutrient composition databases provided by the US Department of Agriculture USDA. Dry grains and cereals were energy dense, whereas vegetables and fruit had energy density below 0. Yogurt and low-fat milk were low energy density foods containing 80—85g water per g. Their energy density was in the range of 0. Oils, including olive oil, had the highest energy density 3. The energy density of mixed dishes, such as pizza, stews or soups depended on their moisture and water content.

Food price data for the key foods in the Mediterranean diet were gathered in 3 principal Seattle supermarkets in Exploring the relation between energy density and food cost per g revealed a wide variation both within and across food groups. However, if one applies their previous standard serving size to the recommendations 2 servings of fruits and 3 servings of vegetables 16 , daily costs could reach several dollars per day.

By contrast, legumes were low energy density and low cost foods. Nuts and seeds had high energy density, around 2. Budget constraints often determine diet composition, since some foods provide more energy per unit price than do other foods. Generally consumers need to obtain the daily energy ration of 8. The Seattle food prices, initially calculated per g, were therefore adjusted for energy by dividing by energy density of foods. Figure 3 shows energy density plotted against energy cost. The low-energy density fruits and vegetables, including berries, melons, salad and leafy greens, were associated with the highest per calorie energy costs.

Meat, and especially fresh fish were relatively expensive, again on a per calorie basis. In contrast, dairy products, an alternative protein source, offered low energy density at moderate cost; most dairy products clustered around 0. The overall energy cost for dairy products tended to be lower than for meat or fish. Among vegetables, the less expensive root vegetables such as carrots or potatoes tended to be more energy dense. Cereals generally cost less than meats, yet more than fats and oils.

Their energy density varied roughly ten-fold, from 0. Figure 4 reinforces the point that Mediterranean-style foods can be obtained at all price ranges, whether calculated per g or per 4. The only proviso is that the new Mediterranean diet needs to include more grains, legumes, nuts, vegetables and fruit and less leafy greens and fresh fish. Doing so allows re-creation of the Mediterranean eating pattern at an affordable cost. The notion of dietary energy per unit cost needs to be supplemented with the notion of nutrients per unit cost.

The question of whether Mediterranean foods are nutrient-rich can be answered using nutrient profiling, a quantitative method used to assess the nutrient quality of individual foods 17 — Mathematically, this is represented as:. Finally, a nutrient-to-price ratio NPR may be computed for each food using the expression:. The present analyses used the Naturally Nutrient Rich index 17 to assess the nutrient quality of individual foods typical of the Mediterranean diet. The NNR index was based on 15 beneficial nutrients, including protein, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids, and a range of vitamins and minerals.

The low energy density foods were also most likely to be nutrient rich. Collection delivery service resumes on Wednesday 2 January Further information on the Library's opening hours is available at: North country songs for low voice, chorus S. North country songs [music]: Request this item to view in the Library's reading rooms using your library card. To learn more about how to request items watch this short online video. You can view this on the NLA website. New search User lists Site feedback Ask a librarian Help. Advanced search Search history.

Browse titles authors subjects uniform titles series callnumbers dewey numbers starting from optional. And now with me, my countrymen, Your courage forth advance ; For there was never champion yett, In Scotland or in France, That ever did on horsebacke come, But if my hap it were, I durst encounter man for man, With him to break a spere. Yet wee will spend our decrest blood, Thy cheefest harts to slay. I know thee well, an erle thou art: Lord Percy, soe am I. But trust me, Percy, pittye it were, And great offence to kill Any of these our guiltlesse men, For they have done no ill.

Let thou and I the battell trye, And set our men aside! Then stept a gallant squier forth, Witherington was his name, Who sayd, " I wold not have it told To Henry our king for shame, That ere my captaine fought on foote, And I stood looking on, You bee two erles," Bayd Witherington, And I a squier alone ; [He doe the best that doe I may, While I have power to stand: While I have power to weeld my sword, lie fight with hart and hand.

Yet bides Earl Douglas on the bent, As chieftain stout and good. As valiant captain, all unmov'd, The shock he firmly stood. His host he parted had in three, As leader ware and try'd, And soon his spearmen on their foes Bare down on every side. But still our valiant Englishmen All firmly kept their ground: And throwing strait their bows away, They grasp'd their swords so bright: And now sharp blows, a heavy shower, On shields and helmets light.

They closed full fast on everye side, Noe slacknes there was found; And many a gallant gentleman Lay gasping on the ground. Like lyons wood, they layd on lode, And made a cruell fight: They fought untill they both did sweat, With swords of tempered Steele ; Until the blood, like drops of rain, They trickling downe did feele. Thy ransome I will freely give, And this report of thee, Thou art the most couragious knight That ever I did see. Who never spake more words than these, " Fight on, my nierry men all ; For why, my life is at an end ; Lord Percy sees my fall.

Christ, my verry hart doth bleed With sorrow for thy sake ; For sure, a more redoubted knight Mischance cold never take. So thus did both these nobles dye, Whose courage none could staine: An English archer then perceiv'd The noble erle was slaine ; He had a bow bent in his hand, Made of a trusty tree ; An arrow of a cloth-yard long Up to the head drew hee: Against Sir Hugh Mountgomerye, So right the shaft he sett, The grey goose-winge that was thereon, In his harts bloode was wett.

This fight did last from breake of day, Till setting of the sun ; For when they rung the evening-bell, The battel scarce was done. For Witherington needs must I wayle, As one in doleful dumpes ; For when his leggs were smitten off, He fought upon his stumpes. Of twenty hundred Scottish speres, Scarce fifty-five did flye.

Of fifteen hundred Englishmen, Went home but fifty-three ; The rest were slaine in Chevy Chase, Under the greene woode tree. Next day did many widowes come, Their husbands to bewayle ; They washt their wounds in brinish teares, But all wold not prevayla Theyr bodyes, bathed in purple gore, They bare with them away: They kist them dead a thousand times, Ere they were cladd in clay.

Yett shall not Scotts nor Scotland say, But I will vengeance take: I'll be revenged on them all, For brave Erie Percyes sake. And of the rest, of small account, Did many thousands dye: God save our king, and bless this land With plenty e, joy, and peace ; And grant henceforth, that foule debate 'Twixt noblemen may cease. This ballad, Bishop Percy thinks, is at least as old as the earlier ballad of Chevy Chase ; historically it is more correct.

Yt felle abowght the Lamasse tyde, Whan husbonds wynri ther haye, The dowghtye Dowglasse bowynd him to ryde, In Ynglond to take a praye: The yerlle of Fyffe withowghten stryffe, He bowynd hym over Sulway: The grete wolde ever together ryde ; That race they may rue for aye.

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Over [Ottercap] hyll they came in, And so dowyn by Rodelyffecragge, Upon Grene [Leyton] they lighted dowyn, Styrande many a stagge ; And boldely brente Northomberlonde, And haryed many a towyn ; They dyd owr Ynglyssh men grete wrange, To battell that were not bowyn. Than spake a berne upon the bent, Of comforte that was not colde, And sayd, "We have brent Northomberlond, We have all welth in holde.

Now we have haiyed all Bamboroweshyre, All the welth in the worlde have wee ; I rede we ryde to Newe Castell, So styll and stalwurthlye. For we have brente Northomberlonde, Thy eritage good and ryght ; And syne my logeyng I have take, With my brande dubby d many a knyght. Yf thou hast haiyed all Bambarowe shyre, Thou hast done me grete envye ; For the trespasse thow hast me done, The tone of us schall dye.

The roo full rekeles ther sche rinnes, To make the game and glee ; The fawkon and the fesaunt both, Amonge on the holtes on [hee. Ther he mayd the Douglas drynke, And all hys oste that daye. The Dowglas turnyd him homewarde agayne, For soth withowghten naye, He tooke his logeyng at Otterborne Uppon a Wedyns-day: And ther he pyght his standerd dowyn, Hys gettyng more and lesse, And syne he warned hys men to goo To chose ther geldyngs gresse.

A Skottysshe knyght hoved upon the bent, A wache I dare well saye: So was he ware on the noble Percy In the dawnynge of the daye. He prycked to his payvleon door, As faste as he myght ronne, " Awaken, Dowglas," cryed the knyght, " For hys love that settes yn trone. Awaken, Dowglas," cryed the knyght, " For thow maiste waken wyth wynne: Tender have I spyed the prowde Percy, And seven standerdes with hym. He durste not loke on my bred banner, For all Ynglonde so haylle. For all the men the" Percy hade, He cowde not garre me ones to dyne.

The yerle of Mentaye, thou arte me erne, The fprwarde I gyve to thee: The yerlle of Huntlay, cawte and kene, He schall wyth the be. The lorde of Bowghan in armure bryght On the other hand he schall be ; Lorde Jhonstone, and lorde Maxwell,. They to schall be with me.

Swynton fayre fylde upon your pryde To batell make yow bowen: For thow haste brente Northumberlonde, And done me grete envye; For thys trespasse thou hast me done, The tone of us schall dye. For soothe as I yow saye: Every man sawe that he dyd soo, That ryall was ever in rowght ; Every man Bchoote hys horsse him froo, And lyght hym rowynde abowght. Jesu Oryste in hevyn on hyght Dyd helpe hym well that daye. But nyne thowzand, ther was no moo ; The cronykle wyll not layne: Forty thowsande Skottes -and fowre That day fowght them agayne.

The Baron of Grastoke ys com owt of the west, With him a noble companye ; All they loge at your fathers thys nyght, And the Battel fayne wold they see. My trowth ys plyght to yonne Skottysh knyght, It needes me not to layne, That I schulde byde hym upon thys bent, And I have hys trowth agayne: And if that I wende off thys grownde, For soth unfoughten awaye, He wolde me call but a kowarde knyght In hys londe another daye.

Yet had I lever to be rynde and rente, By Mary that mykel maye ; Then ever my manhod schulde be reprovyd With a Skotte another daye. Wherfore schote, archars, for my sake, And let scharpe arowes flee: Mynstrells, playe up for your waryson, And well quyt it schall be. Every man thynke on his trewe love, And marke hym to the Trenite: For to God I make myne avowe Thys day wyll I not fle. The Skotts faught them agayne. Sent George the bryght owr ladyes knyght, To name they were full fayne, Owr Ynglysshe men they cryde on hyght, And thrysse the[y] schowtte agayne.

Wyth that scharpe arowes bygan to flee, I tell you in sertayne ; Men of armes byganne to joyne ; Many a dowghty man was ther slayne. The Percy and the Dowglas mette, That ether of other was fayne ; They schapped together, whyll that the[y] swette, With swords of fyne Collayne ; Tyl! For I see, by thy bryght bassonet, Thow arte sum man of myght ; And so I do by thy burnysshed brande, Thow art an yerle, or ells a knyght. The Percy was a man of strenghth, I tell yow in thys stounde, He smote the Dowglas at the swordes length, That he felle to the growynde.

The stonderds stood styll on eke syde, With many a grevous grone ; Ther they fowght the day, and all the nyght And many a dowghty man was [slonej. Ther was no freke, that ther wold flye, But stymy in stowre can stond, Ychone hewyng on other whyll they myght drye, With many a bayllefull bronde. Ther was slayne upon the Skottes syde, For soth and sertenly, Syr James a Dowglas ther was slayne, That daye that he cowde dye.

Ther was slayne upon the Skottes syde, For soth as I yow saye, Of fowre and forty thowsande Scotts Went but eyghtene awaye. Syr James Harebotell ther was slayne, For hym ther hartes were sore, The gentyll [Lovelle] ther was slayne, That the Percyes standerd bore. Ther was slayne uppon the Ynglyssh perte, For soth as I yow saye ; Of nyne thowsand Ynglyssh men Fvve hondeii; cam awave: Then one the morne they mayd them beeres Of byrcb, and haysell graye ; Many a wydowe with wepying teyres Ther makes they fette awaye.

Thys fraye bygan at Otterborne, Bytween the nyghte and the day: Ther the Dowglas lost his lyfe, And the Percy was lede awaye. Now let us all for the Percy praye To Jesu most of myght, To bryng hys sowle to the blysse of heven, For he was a gentyll knyght. The ballad of " The Bewick and the Grseme " is another of the heroic class. It was nearly lost ; but was rescued by Sir Walter Scott, who took it down from the recitation of a gentleman who remembered the whole of it with the exception of a few verses.

These were supplied by an ostler in Carlisle. Gude Lord Grseme is to Carlisle gane, Sir Robert Bewick there met he, And arm in arm to the wine they did go, And they drank till they were baith merrie. And here's to our twa sons at hame! For they like us best in our ain countrie. But your son's a lad, and he's but bad, And billie to my son he canna be.

And he has to the stable gane, Where there stude thirty steeds and three, He's ta'en his ain horse amang them a', And hame he rade sae manfullie. If thou do not end this quarrel soon, There's my right hand, thou shalt fight with me. We'll leave off talking of Christie Grseme, And talk of him again belyve, And we will talk of Bonnie Bewick, Where he was teaching his scholars five. When he had taught them well to fence, And handle swords without any doubt, He took his sword under his arm, And he walk'd his father's close about.

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He looked atween him and the sun, And a' to see what there might be, Till he spied a man in armour bright, Was riding that way most hastilie. I think it be my brother dear! Then Bewick has thrawn aff his cloak, And's psalter-book frae's hand flung he ; He laid his hand upon the dyke, And ower he lap most manfuUie. Till Graeme gae Bewick an akward stroke, An akward stroke strucken sickerlie ; He has hit him under the left breast, And dead-wounded to the ground fell he.

Twas then came up Sir Robert Bewick, And his brave son alive saw he. Of your pridefu' talking, let me be! Ye might hae drunken your wine in peace, And let me and my billie be. Gae dig a grave baith wide and deep, And a grave to haud baith him and me ; But lay Christie Graeme on the sunny side, For I'm sure he wan the victorie. I'm sure I've lost the liveliest lad That e'er was born unto my name. I durst hae ridden the Border through, Had Christie Graeme been at my back.

The ballad is remarkable as containing probably the very latest allusion to the institution of brotherhood in arms, which was held so sacred in the days of chivalry, and whose origin may be traced up to the Scythian ancestors of Odin. The melody is peculiar, and, like many ancient tunes, contains only one movement. Till at last they met with old Carl Hood, He's aye for ill and never for good.

His father of his best men armed fifteen — And they're ridden after them bidene. But the fifteenth man behind stole round, And dealt him a deep and a deadly wound. Though he was wounded to the deid, He set his lady on her steed. They rode till they came to the river Doune, And there they lighted to wash his wound.

Dixon informs us in his "Ballads and Songs of the English Peasantry. Kobert White, now in the possession of his sister, Mrs. Andrews, of Clare- mont Place, Newcastle, to whose recollection we are indebted for the beautiful air to which the ballad was chanted in the olden time. Andrews learnt the tune from her mother. Professor Child, of Boston, in his edition of "English and Scottish Ballads," is of opinion that this ballad is certainly the most important addition made of late years to the stores of genuine minstrel poetry.

One peculiarity of the ballad is that it is of a duolinear character. The verses consist of four lines, but the second and fourth lines are the same throughout the whole piece. Ballads of a similar metrical construction seem to have been common to all the Northern nations. Then they hae grippit Hughie the Graeme, And brought him up through Carlisle town. The lads and lasses stood on the walls, Crying " Hughie the Graeme, thou'se ne'er gae down! He looked over his left shouther And for to see what he might see, There was he aware of his auld father Came tearing his hair most piteously.

The Greemes were a powerful and numerous clan, who chiefly inhabited " The Debatable Land. In military service they were more attached to England than to Scotland, but in their depredations in both countries they appear to have been very impartial, for in the year the gentlemen of Cumberland complained to Lord Scroope " that the Graemes and their clans, with their children, tenants, and servants, were the chiefest actors in the spoil and decay of the country. See Introduction to Nicholson's " History of Cumberland," page cviii.

The nationality of the ballad is apparently as debatable as that of the land occupied in those days by this warlike tribe. For Mangerton House Lady Downie has gane ; Her coats she has kilted up to her knee, And down the water wi' speed she rins, While tears in spaits fall fast frae her e'e. Then up and spak her gude auld lord — " What news, what news, sister Downie, to me? My barns, my byres, and my faulds all weil fill'd, I'll part wi' them a' ere Johnie shall die. Three men I'll send to set him free, A' harneist wi' the best o' steel ; The English louns may hear and drie The weight o' their braid swords to feel.

The Laird's Jock ane, the Laird's Wat twa ;! Hobbie Noble, thou ane maun be! Thy coat is blue, thou hast been true Since England banish'd thee to me. Lord Mangerton them orders gave — " Your horses the wrang way maun be shod, Like gentlemen you maunna seem, But look like corn-cadgers ga'en the road. At the Cholerfbrd they a' light doun, And there, wi' the help of the light o' the moon, A tree they cut, with fifteen nogs on each side, To climb up the wa' o' Newcastle toun. But when they cam to Newcastle toun, And were alighted at the wa', They fand their tree three ells o'er laigh, They fand their stick baith short and sma'.

Then up and spak the laird's aiu Jock — " There's naething for't ; the gates we maun force. His neck in twa the Armstrang's wrang, Wi' fute or hand he ne'er played pa! His life and his keys at anes they ha'e ta'eu, And cast his body ahint the wa'. Now sune they reached Newcastle jail, And to the prisoner thus they call: Jock answers thus with dulefu' tone: Full fifteen stane o' Spanish iron They hae laid a' right sair on me; Wi' locks and keys I am fast bound Into this dungeon dark and drearie.

The prisoner now upon his back The Laird's Jock gotten up fu' hie, And doun the stairs, him, aims and a', With nae sma' speed and joy brings he. The night, tho' wat, they did ua mind, But hied them on fa' merrilie, Until they cam to Cholerford brae. Where the water ran like mountains hie. But when they cam' to Cholerford, There they met wi' an auld man: Says — " Honest man, will the water ride? Tell us in haste if that ye can. Frae Newcastle toun they had been sent, A' English lads baith stout an' true. But when the land-sarjeant the water saw, "It winna ride, my lads," quo' he ; 'Then cried aloud — " The prisoner take, But leave his fetters I pray to me.

My gude bay mare, for I am sure, She has bought them all right dear frae thee. This ballad, and two others entitled "Dick o' the Cow" and " Hobbie Noble, " were first published in in the Haioick Museum, a provincial miscellany, to which they were communicated by John Elliott, Esq. They were afterwards inserted by Sir Walter Scott in his " Border Minstrelsy," and a melody was given with them, which, in our opinion, was written for any purpose except that of having these ballads sung to it.

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The subjects of the ballads being common events in those turbu- lent and disorderly times, became favourite themes with the ballad- makers ; but the reality of the story rests entirely upon tradition. Jock o' the Syde seems to have been a nephew of the Laird of Man- gerton, cousin to the Laird's Jock, one of his deliverers, and probably brother to Chrystie of the Side, mentioned in the list of Border Clans, God send the land deliverance Frae every reaving, riding Scot ; We'll sune hae neither cow nor ewe, We'll sune hae neither staig nor stot.

The outlaws cam frae Liddesdale, They harry Redesdale far and near ; The rich man's gelding it maun gang, They canna pass the puir man's mear. Sure it were weel had ilka thief Around his neck a halter Strang, And curses heavy may they light On traitors vile oursels amang. He'll make the tower o' Troughend fa'. And Crosier says he will do waur, — He will do waur, if waur can be; He'll make the bairns a' fatherless, And then the land it may lie lea.

They hunted high, they hunted low, By heathery hill and birken shaw; They raised a buck on Rooken Edge, And blew the mort at fair Ealylawe. They hunted high, they hunted low, They made the echoes ring amain: Wi' music sweet o' horn and hound They merry made fair Redesdale glen. They hunted high, they hunted low, They hunted up, they hunted down, Until the day was past the prime, And it grew late in the afternoon.

They hunted high in Batinghope, When as the sun was sinking low: Says Parcy, then, " Ca' off the dogs ; We'll bait our steeds, and hameward go. There's nane may lean on a rotten staff But him that risks to get a fa', There's nane may in a traitor trust, And traitors black were every Ha'. I wish your names ye may never see ; Ye've stown the bridle off my naig, And I oan neither fight nor flee. Now will we pay ye as we ought. M We'll pay thee at the nearest tree, Where we "shall hang thee like a hound.

Alake and wae for Parcy Reed — Alake, he was an unarmed man ; Four weapons pierced him all at once, As they assailed him there and than. They fell upon him all at once, They mangled him most cruellie ; The slightest wound might cause his deid, And they hae gi'en him thirty-three.

They hackit off his hands and feet, And left him lying on the lea. It was the hour o' gloamin' gray, When herds came in frae fauld and pen, A herd he saw a huntsman lie: A farewell to my daughter Jean, A farewell to my young sons five ; Had they been at their father's hand, I had this night been man alive. A farewell to my followers a', And a' my neighbours gude at need, Bid them think how the treacherous Ha's, Betrayed the life o' Parcy Reed.

Robert White, who stated that it had been taken down by Mr. James Telfer, of Saughtree, in Liddesdale, from the chanting of an old woman named Kitty Hall, a native of Northumberland, but resident at Fairloans in Roxburgh- shire. The event upon which the ballad is founded has been incidentally named both by Sir Walter Scott in his poem of "Rokeby," and also by Mr. Robert Roxby in his "Lay of the Reedwater Ministrel. Percival, or Parcy Reed, was proprietor of Troughend, an elevated tract of land lying on the west side and nearly in the centre of Redesdale, Northumberland.

He also drew upon himself the hostility of a band of moss-troopers, Crosier by name, some of whom he had been successful in bringing to justice. The whole arrangement of the murder had been previously planned by the Halls and Crosiers. Public indignation was speedily roused against the murderers; the very name of Crosier was abhorred through Redesdale, and the abettors were both driven from their residence, and designated as " the fause-hearted Ha's," an appellation which they bore for a long period.

The ballad is stated to be historically correct, and Mr. John Bell, in the course of his enquiries Into Northumberland ballad history had, in , a letter from a Mr. Henderson, of Redesdale, who was 83 years of age at that time, in which he relates that although he could not recollect the ballad of "Parcy Reed," he remembered his gun at Troughend when he was a lad, and it was about " twe yards i' the barrel.

An Outlandish knight came from the north lands, And he came a wooing to me ; He told me he'd take me unto the North lands, And there he would marry me. She mounted her on her milk-white steed. He on the dapple grey, They rode till they came unto the sea side, Three hours before it was day. Pull off, pull off thy silken gown, And deliver it unto me, Methinks it looks too rich and gay, To rot iii the salt sea.

Pull off, pull off, thy Holland smock, And deliver it unto me, Methinks it looks too rich and gay, To rot in the salt sea. He dropped high, he dropped low, Until he oame to the side, — " Catch hold of my band, my pretty maiden, And I will make you my bride. The parrot being in the window so high, Hearing the lady, did say ; " I'm afraid that some. In England the ballad is well known and popular, and stall copies of considerable antiquity are in existence. By the term "Outlandish" is signified an inhabitant of that portion of the Border which was formerly known by the name of the " Debateable Land," a district which, though claimed by both England and Scotland, could not be said to belong to either country.

The people on each side of the Border applied the term " Outlandish " to the Debateable residents. The tune was taken down from the singing of Mrs. It was a knight, in Scotland born, Follow, my love, come over the strand, Was taken prisoner and left forlorn, Even by the good Earl of Northumberland. Then was he cast in prison strong- Follow, my love, come over the strand, Where he could not walk nor lay along, Even by the good Earl of Northumberland.

And as in sorrow thus he lay, Follow, my love, come over the strand, The Earl's sweet daughter passed that way, And she the fair flower of Northumberland. And passing by, like an angel bright, Follow, my love, come over the strand, The prisoner had of her a sight, And she the fair flower of Northumberland. And aloud to her this knight did cry, Follow, my love, come over the strand, The salt tears standing in her eye, And she the fair flower of Northumberland.

Likewise much gold got she by sleight, Follow, my love, come over the strand, And all to help this forlorn knight, And she the fair flower of Northumberland. Two gallant- steeds, both good and able, Follow, my love, come over the strand, She likwise took out of the stable, And she the fair flower of Northumberland. This token set the prisoner free, Follow, my love, come over the strand, Who straight went to this fair lady, And she, the fair flower of Northumberland.

A gallant steed he did bestride, Follow, my love, come over the strand, And with the lady away did ride, And she the fair flower of Northumberland. They rode till they came to a water clear ; Follow, my love, come over the strand, " Good sir, how shall I follow you here, And I the fair flower of Northumberland? From top to toe all wet was. Follow, my love, come over the strand, If thou wilt be my paramour, And thou the fair flower of Northumberland. Then sat she down full heavily, Follow, my love, come over the strand, At length two knights came riding by, And she the fair flower of Northumberland.

Two gallant knights of fair England, Follow, my love, come over the strand, And there they found her on the strand Even she the fair flower of Northumberland. She fell down humbly on her knee, Follow, my love, come over the strand, Crying, " Courteous knights take pity on mc, Even I the fair flower of Northumberland.

Now all you fair maids be warned by me, Follow no Scotchman over the strand ; Scots never were true, nor ever will be, To lord nor lady nor fair England. The Scottish version is given by Kinlock, and differs only in the burden and in some minor incidents. Long may she stand on the cas - tie wall, la 2: S Look - ing for his re turn. The king is gone from Bamborough Castle, Long may the princess mourn, Long may she stand on the Castle wall, Looking for his return. She has knotted the keys upon a string, And with her she has them ta'en ; She has cast them o'er the left shouther, And to the gate she is gane.

She tripped in, she tripped out, She tripped into the yard ; But it was more for the king's sako, Than for the queen's regard. It fell out on a day the king Brought the queen with him home, And all the lords in our country To welcome them did come. The envious queen replied at last: But e'er the next day's sun went down, A long worm she became.

For seven miles east and seven miles west, And seven miles north and south, No blade of grass or corn could grow, So venomous was her mouth. Tho milk of seven stately cows, It was costly her to keep , Was brought her daily, which she drank Before she went to sleep. At this day may be seen the oave, Which held her folded up, And the stone trough, the very same, Out of which she did sup.

They built a ship without delay, With masts of the rowan tree, With flutt'ring sails of silk so fine, And set her on the sea. They went on board.

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The wind, with speed, Blew them along the deep ; At length they spied a huge square tower, On a rock high and steep. The sea was smooth, the water clear: When they approached nigher, King Ida's castle well they knew, And the banks of Bamboroughshire. The queen looked out of her bower window To see what she could see ; There she espied a gallant ship Sailing upon the sea. When she beheld the silken sails, Full glancing in the sun, To sink the ship, she sent away, Her witch wives every one. Their spells were vaiu ; the hags returned To the queen in sorrowful mood, Crying that " Witches have no power Where there is rowan-tree wood.

The worm leapt up, the worm leapt down, She plaited round the stane, And, ay, as the ship came to the land, She banged it oft' again. The Child then ran out of her reach, The ship on Budle sand, And, jumping into the shallow sea, Securely got to land. No clothing had this lady fine, To keep her from the cold ; He took his mantle from him about, And round her did it fold.

He has taken his mantle from him about, And it he wrapt her in, And they are up to Bamborough Castle, As fast as they can win. Her absence and her serpent shape, The king had long deplored; He now rejoiced to see them both Again to him restored. The queen they wanted, whom they found, All pale, and sore afraid, Because she knew her power must yield To Childy Wynd's, who said: The virgins all of Bamborough town, Will swear that they have seen This spiteful toad of monstrous size, Whilst walking they have been.

All folks believe within the Shire, This story to be true ; And they all run to Spindleston, The cave and trough to view.


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This ballad is founded upon a well-known tradition current in Bamborough and its neighbourhood. It was first printed in Hutchin- son's "View of Northumberland," from a communication by the Reverend Robert Lambe, Vicar of Norham editor of the old poem entitled "Flodden Field" , who professed to have obtained it from "an ancient manuscript" The incidents are similar to those in the ballad of "Kempion," published in the "Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border," and which seemed in the opinion of Sir Walter Scott "to have been an old metrical romance degraded by the lapse of time and the corruption of reciters.

But he lo'ed the youngest ahoon a' thing. He courted the eldest wi' broach and knife. But he lo'ed the youngest aboon his life. The eldest she was vexed sair, And sore envied her sister fair. The eldest said to the youngest ane: The youngest stude upon a atane, The eldest earn' and pushed her in. She took her by the middle sma', And dashed her bonny back to the jaw. The miller's daughter was baking bread, And gaed for water as she had need.

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There's either a mermaid or a milk-white swan. Ye couldna see her yellow hair For gowd and pearls that were sae rare. Ye couldna see her middle sma', Her gowden girdle was sae braw. Ye couldna see her lily feet, Her gowden fringes were sae deep. A famous harper passing by, The sweet pale face he chanced to spy; And when he looked that lady on, He sighed and made a heavy moan.

He laid the harp upon a stane, And straight it began to play alane — " yonder sits my father, the king, And yonder sits my mother, the queen ; " And yonder stands my brother Hugh, And by him my William, sweet and true.