A Literatura das Mulheres da Floresta (Portuguese Edition)

Although the entries as a whole are accompanied by descriptive annotations, the latter are particularly useful for the critical studies, indicating scope, points of contention, conclusion, critical approaches, and relations to other critical studies. Although annotated bibliographies often only mean repeating in English as an annotation the descriptive content of the title, Forster-Jackson provide useful coverage.

What is more, and again because of the proliferation of material during the period, some of the references are not easily available in any but the most extensive research collection, and in this scene the annotations play an important discriminating function. It should, however, be noted that it is the user who will be doing the discriminating, since the annotations do not in any event assess the cultural and intellectual importance of the references -i.

Historically, this term only makes sense in Spanish and only refers to the Spanish American poets. Brazilian literary history speaks of modernismo , never vanguardismo , and there is some discomfort in making Brazil toe the taxonomic line along with Spanish America, and then moreover in English. Perhaps using the English modernism or simply a chronological designation would have avoided the ever-touchy problem of how to interface Spanish American and Brazilian literature without implying that Brazil merely fits in between Argentina and Chile, with language and, therefore, sociocultural differences being of minor consequence.

This sort of caviling aside, one is pleased to see Brazil represented, since Brazilian literature usually gets ignored by Latin Americanists. Since that country had one of the most spectacular modernist productions in all of the continent, the decision to incorporate Brazil in the listing is particularly important. The bibliography, which enjoyed the support of the National Endowment for the Humanities and fine computer resources, is superbly prepared.

Vanguardism in Latin American Literature constitutes a fine bibliographic standard and will be a widely consulted reference work. This well-written volume of critical commentary on the work of Adolfo Bioy Casares takes its place on the narrow shelf of book-length studies devoted to the close friend of Jorge Luis Borges and the husband of Silvina Ocampo. In the second chapter the critic explores his detective fiction, a genre he cultivated with Borges with remarkable success.

Guirnalda con amores , a book often overlooked by critics, is the subject of chapter 3. Bioy's interest in humor and dictionaries, an interest he likewise shared with Borges, is studied in chapter 4. The last two chapters are summaries of the themes and techniques found in the first five chapters. The sixth deals with the author's predilection for island settings in his early works and his later preference for settings either in the city of Buenos Aires or in the province surrounding the city.

The volume contains an extensive bibliography of primary works and critical studies as well as an onomastic index. Camurati clearly recognizes the signal importance of these two works, but she successfully makes a case for renewed critical attention to his later novels and short stories. His use of humor, for example, is not evident in the first two works. The idea that Bioy Casares primarily uses island settings is another result of critical emphasis on his first two novels. It contains examples of his use of humor and dreams, the latter either a foretaste of life after death or a nightmarish vision of earthly existence.

In the final pages of the novel the dedication of the photographer, the book's protagonist mentioned in the title, to artistic endeavors triumphs over his feelings of love and desire. Implicit in Camurati's conclusion is that Bioy Casares throughout his career has shown equal dedication to the task of producing fine literature.

There can be no doubt that Camurati is a well-informed critic of the prose fiction of Bioy Casares. Her study is carefully organized, carefully documented, and free from any technical errors; the ones that do occur are primarily in the first two chapters. I think Peavler has chosen a felicitous classification; he arranges the stories in a kind of continuum that goes from those works containing a maximum of fantasy and unreality to those based on reality.

The key to the classification is verisimilitude in terms of character depiction, ambience, and the narration of the events in the work. Whether Peavler's comments cover one page or are limited to fifteen lines, he manages to strike at the core of each narration as regards theme, meaning, or technical aspects. Peavler handles well the ambiguities, uncertainties, and temporal-spatial displacements that give these stories their particular Cortazarian dimension and aesthetic appeal. When necessary, Peavler reviews the opinions of other critics concerning particular texts, and then either corroborates or refutes these interpretations.

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In some cases, Peavler interprets the stories he discusses here as involving real events, whereas many previous critics have considered these same events as imaginary or hallucinatory. Peavler presents a good analysis of El examen , but correctly dismisses it as unimportant artistically.

Peavler is to be congratulated for writing this very useful, informative, and critically sensitive book. I recommend it with much enthusiasm. The volume's seven sections are: Oberhelman also underscores the novel's historic setting Cartagena and central theme: Jaramillo, unveils historical realities embedded in the work, and the second, by the author himself, highlights its historical underpinnings and salient motifs. But the liveliest exchange of ideas informs the section focusing on Colombian sociologist Orlando Fals Borda's four-volume work, Historia doble de la Costa.

The first piece, by Raymond Souza, presents a balanced, coherent introduction to Fals' study, emphasizing both its factual and literary contents. While undoubtedly based on sound academic principles, Bergquist's lengthy critique may nevertheless strike some readers as pedantic, especially in light of Fals's forceful, point-by-point rebuttal. Ricardo Feierstein Argentina, has earned attention for a series of novels, each developing the concerns of its predecessors. His first work won sporadic notice, applying concepts from architecture Feierstein's profession to narrative.

In the late s, Feierstein became a much more interesting writer by centering on a set of issues. He examines unexpected outcomes of Israeli statehood, such as the undiminished vigor of Jewish life in the Diaspora and the inevitably imperfect correspondence between Jewish and Israeli cultural identity.

Also explored are the effects on collective and individual self-image or shifting from vivid utopianism kibbutz or 60ss left to business as usual; the puzzle of Latin Americanness enters in. Middle-aged discontent grows more acute; the humdrum professional career confronting the hero of Escala is one of unemployment, and the character's response to crisis has escalated from unhappiness and anger to disorientation and memory loss.

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While these factors start Mestizo on a cheerless note, a story of recovery quickly reveals itself. The background -newly recivilianized Argentina- suggests renewal, and Mestizo pays tribute to human understanding as friends and family help David search for memory and self. Even the police, who need David to recall a murder, wait patiently for him to heal himself by his own methods.

These include taking oral histories from immigrant Jewish Argentines quite absorbing material , recreating in conversation the days of heady activism and violent repression, and even such painless therapies as sharing the rapture of a great soccer triumph with a teenage son. David's amnesia is the symptom of an uneasy relation with the Jewish heritage and Argentine past, recent political history, and other troubling legacies. As the title hints, healing comes through acceptance of the mixed and unspecifiable nature of one's cultural and social being.

It is fair to say that readers have been more drawn to Feierstein for thematic than formal innovations. A new restraint also characterizes the use of dialogue. This is not to suggest that Feierstein has foresworn experiments with form one episode in Mestizo is narrated as a screenplay, another as a comic strip or weighty debate the hero once sits between a pro-Palestinian Arab and a Jew voicing anxiety over Israeli and Jewish survival. But here he tactfully lets readers decide what to focus on.

Mestizo 's afterword by Avellaneda skillfully summarizes where the novel stands in the author's oeuvre. Avellaneda justly presents Mestizo as an example of fiction with a documentary component, and sees its unmarked structure as artlessness suited to testimonial literature, with its field-notes effect. Mestizo appears in Mild's series Imaginaria, a thoughtful list of creative works elaborating Jewish thought and concerns. Ocho Mundos is a text intended for use by beginning or early intermediate learners of Spanish.

This new edition of Ocho Mundos differs from previous editions in that the primary focus of the text has shifted from the development of reading skills to the acquisition of vocabulary and the development of vocabulary skills. In this edition of Ocho Mundos , the readings are intended to be used primarily as a means of reinforcing vocabulary acquisition and secondarily as a means of acquiring and practicing reading skills.

The text is divided into eight chapters, each of which focuses on a different theme of cultural or social interest. Among the themes covered in the text are: In addition to a specific thematic focus, each chapter also focuses on one of several verb tenses usually introduced during the first year of Spanish instruction. The tenses studied in order of presentation include: Each chapter contains a vocabulary list which presents words and expressions related to the overall theme of the chapter, three reading selections also related to the overall theme of the chapter, and a variety of vocabulary and grammar exercises.

There are also communicative activities which allow learners an opportunity to express themselves in some manner or to interact with other learners in pairs or small groups. Finally, all reading selections in each chapter are accompanied by post-reading activities designed to test learners' comprehension of the passage and most are also accompanied by pre-reading activities designed to activate learners' previous knowledge of the topic.

With respect to the reading selections, the first is a pedagogical text, in most cases written by the author. The other two are adaptations of articles that appeared in Spanish language periodicals. Each reading selection in a particular chapter is intended to highlight both the vocabulary and the verb tense which correspond to that chapter. By correlating reading selections with the introduction of particular verb tenses. The reading selections deal with a variety of interesting topics which should appeal to a wide range of learners.

However, they seem somewhat contrived due to the fact that they have been manipulated to conform to the thematic and grammatical focus of the different chapters. By simplifying and glossing the reading selections while at the same time strictly controlling the vocabulary and grammar they contain, the author does not challenge the learners to go beyond what they already know. This contradicts the empirically supported view that learners can indeed comprehend vocabulary and grammatical structures to which they have not been exposed.

Regarding the vocabulary and grammar exercises included in the text, the majority are mechanical in nature. Learners are asked to fill in the blanks with words or verb conjugations, match words with their equivalent in the other language, and complete cloze passages. One exception to these types of exercises are the pair and group activities included in each chapter. These activities, which generally take the form of interviews or group discussions, provide good opportunities for interaction between learners.

Similarly, while most of the exercises and activities associated with the readings are traditional and mechanical e. These types of pre-reading activities have been shown to facilitate comprehension. In conclusion, Ocho Mundos may prove to be useful in a first-year Spanish course; however there are several caveats to consider before adopting it.

First, the vocabulary and grammar presented in Ocho Mundos are too limited for it to serve as the basic text in a first-year Spanish course; however, Ocho Mundos could be used to complement and reinforce the vocabulary and grammar presented in a standard basic text. Secondly, with some exceptions, the activities and exercises included in Ocho Mundos are traditional and mechanical.

Therefore, instructors must devise more interesting and less traditional activities to be used instead of or at least in conjunction with the activities and exercises found in Ocho Mundos. Finally, the reading selections strictly limit and control learners' experience with reading in Spanish. Consequently, instructors using Ocho Mundos should also expose their learners to truly authentic texts in Spanish in order to broaden the learners' experience with reading in Spanish and challenge them to go beyond what they already know.

For these reasons, Ocho Mundos may prove to be useful in a first-year Spanish course, but only as a supplement to other materials and not as the basic text nor as the only source of activities or reading materials. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Readers of Hispania were recently treated to a thorough assessment and bibliography of studies dealing with Spanish historical linguistics see Thomas J. Hispania 73 [], Several hundred copies were evidently offered as a Christmas gift to the clients of a particular banking institution.

Hence, the lack of a bibliography and the usual critical apparatus. In the prologue , the author explains the title of his work: The text itself consists of eleven chapters designated and arranged as follows: La Familia Indoeuropea; 2. As the above index shows, the author has managed to cover the salient topics pertaining to the subject. These are presented, moreover, in a straightforward and at times delightfully humorous manner. Many readers will no doubt appreciate the author's ability to transform what is potentially a very dry and technical mass of material into a highly-readable and entertaining narrative.

It is somewhat difficult, of course, for a specialist in the area of Spanish philology to predict the reaction of a neophyte audience to Alatorre's presentation. The chapters on literary development seem extremely uneven and sketchy. One also wonders to what extent a non-specialist reader will be able to comprehend, much less appreciate, the synthesized explanations of sound change such as that afforded the development of the Old Spanish sibilant system in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries of the phonological differences between Castilian, Galician-Portuguese, Mozarabic, Leonese and Aragonese.

While the author had promised to avoid using the technical vocabulary of the specialist i. It is clear that Alatorre writes with expertise and affection about the language he remembers having been introduced to in written form at the age of four. The general reader who is curious enough to follow him in his journey throughout the centuries will no doubt find much along the way to stimulate the palate.

The entries, relating to the Spanish-speaking world and Brazil, were taken from previous works of this nature, but the compilers, both law librarians, also contributed additional terms by gleaning the treatise reviews of the various U. They subsumed the legal abbreviations if the documents already contained a list; otherwise, they perused the materials in search of such abbreviations. To be even more complete the compilers solicited contributions from colleagues in the field. The result is the present dictionary wherein each of the entries has the following annotation: The previous listings of legal abbreviations, brief though they may be, should have been noted either in the introduction or in a bibliography.

Likewise, a cross section of the types of materials consulted for legal abbreviations as well as the U. Since so few bilingual reference books are extant on the fields of Spanish and Portuguese laws, a very brief bibliography of nine or ten titles would indicate not only the scope of the field but more importantly other valuable resources for the user: Robb's Dictionary of Legal Terms: Sheehy's Guide to Reference Books lists six additional tools.

Since the legal system of the Iberian world derives from sources different from those of the English-speaking world, it may be possible that the English translation is only an approximation due to the absence of a more precise term in English. Useful would be a glossary of deceptive cognates and other words difficult to convey to the English monolingual: Latin American Legal Abbreviations fills a need in legal reference; however, the disparateness of Roman and Anglo Saxon legal systems requires more scholarly accouterments for the user.

This plus more attention to source of materials would have considerably enhanced the present work. This volume, dedicated to the memory of Joseph H. Silverman , states that its principal objective is to offer a number of points of view on teaching Spanish Golden Age drama on both the undergraduate and graduate levels. By editorial de sign, the first essays are more applicable to undergraduate courses, while the rest are geared more for graduate teaching. In brief prefatory remarks, Hesse outlines some chronological stages in the development of approaches to the teaching of Golden Age plays, leading up to the great variety of modern approaches manifested in the eight essays which comprise this collection.

With the advent of New Criticism, scholars came to scrutinize with much greater care the texts themselves. Hesse cites the work of A. Parker in , and the reactions published in by James A. Parr as significant contributions to the development of a more modern and relevant approach to criticism which would come to examine the form, structure, imagery, irony, language, and human values found in a play.

Many of these new perspectives are exemplified in the work of the eight colleagues who are at the same time both noted scholars and experienced teachers of Golden Age drama. In applying this approach to the teaching of Fuenteovejuna , Dietz avowedly shifts emphasis from Lope's play to the affective reaction which the play produces in his students. Only after weeks of discussing the basic human concerns elicited by the reading of the play does Dietz engage in traditional study of its historical background and artistic qualities.

DiPuccio attempts to rectify an unfortunate misconception according to which the apparently nihilistic premise of the discipline has been overemphasized. In deconstructing El pintor de su deshonra , DiPuccio shows how deconstruction can contribute two useful aids to literary criticism: Hesse and Vern G. Williamsen, completes the volume. Any overall evaluation of this monograph would have to recognize the scholarly value of the essays therein published.

Collectively, however, and particularly in light of the plays which they analyze, they do not represent a balanced overview of Spanish Golden Age theater. No other Golden Age dramatist is represented. As individual essays, they are good, although the orientation of most is scholarly rather than pedagogical. There is no doubt that this volume will be valuable to all devotees of Spanish Golden Age theater, even though the avowed pedagogical thrust of the title seems somewhat misleading.

The twelve chapters adhere to an unvarying format. Each opens with a discussion of a literary period, its major authors, and their best-known writings, followed by an anthology of brief excerpts from selected works, questions on the chapters's content, and a self-test composed of multiple choice items. A basic bibliography containing twenty-three items, an onomastic index, and an answer key to the self-tests complete the volume.

While this manual does not improve on the coverage and critical insight of Anderson Imbert, whom he frequently quotes, it is, without question, the most up-to-date work of its kind currently available. Shimose, a Bolivian poet, has written a highly readable narrative, but the flow of his prose is plagued by lengthy catalogs which, regrettably, appear all too often. In some cases he provides plot summaries or a few remarks about content or significance but in others he merely lists authors and enumerates principal works. Sketchy treatment is given not only to minor literary figures but also to the contemporary period as a whole.

By way of contrast, the older literature receives considerably more space e. Armando Valladares and Luisa Valenzuela are likewise absent from the chapters on contemporary writers. This erratic coverage can convey a false impression of the relative worth of a particular work or author in comparison with another and may prove confusing to the unwary.

His historical exposition, more descriptive than critical, fails to elude the usual hazards of this type of writing inevitable errors, inconsistent coverage, and infelicitous classifications. In addition, the overly abbreviated anthology selections actually hinder comprehension by not allowing readers to get a feel for the works presented.

To his credit, Shimose disguises his nationalistic pride, offering a fair and equitable assessment of authors regardless of their origin. His inclusion of many obscure writers especially Bolivians not found in the standard reference sources and his listing of pen names are two of the volume's major virtues. These features, combined with the currency factor, make this a useful reference source for student and scholar alike.

However, as with all works of this nature, it should be consulted with a certain amount of caution. Taking his cue from a statement made in by Harri Meier that the complex field of Spanish expressions of futurity has yet to be studied. Gerhard Bauhr has undertaken the challenge for peninsular Spanish. He analyzes the two primary methods of expressing the future, cites percentages from his corpus, and then suggests possible factors that determine the use of one form over the other.

His corpus is drawn from fifty theatrical works written between and by such authors as Antonio Buero Vallejo, Carlos Llopis, Jorge Establier Llopis, Miguel Mihura and Alfonso Sastre, but his preliminary discussion of previous work includes four studies of American Spanish as well as three of peninsular Spanish.

After citing previous work in the field, Bauhr addresses the concept of verbal temporality. Bull and Guillermo Rojo Bauhr's example sentences involve such verbs as nevar , clarear and desmayar , which communicate the natural consequence of a process that is already present at the moment of utterance. Bauhr next examines the future constructions in the light of aspect and concludes that they are both aspectually neutral. When the two forms of future expression are entirely modal, they differentiate clearly: The final section of the book analyzes the distribution and use of the two future constructions in various syntactic environments.

As a scholarly work, Bauhr's effort is exemplary. The text is admirably free of errors, there is a table of abbreviations, a series of tables of distribution figures, and an excellent index.

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There is also a five-page summary and a five-paragraph abstract, both in English. Each selection in the corpus is given with enough context for readers to grasp its essential meaning, and errors that occur within the cited material are designated by sic. Although teachers of Spanish and generalists can be enlightened by the differing grammatical environments that elicit one or the other of the future constructions and may enjoy scanning the corpus, the technical arguments that Bauhr elaborates are basically there for the delectation of linguistics specialists.

These Negros Congos are members of ritualistic societies which celebrate during the pre-lenten Carnival season in historically-syncretic, African-and-Hispanic ceremonies. Their celebrations are characterized by speech patterns peculiar to them called congo speech. Lipski's stated purpose 2 and his plan of attack 8 are to describe linguistically the Costa Arriba congo speech patterns generally incomprehensible to the uninitiated, and to measure the evolution of this speech with regard to patterns of creolization and African influences on the Spanish of Latin America.

He succeeds brilliantly in both efforts. The five chapters that comprise this text present an overview of the congos , their speech, and their rituals. The rituals, inherently tied to their speech patterns, are in fact demystified in this book. Chapter 1 defines concretely and concisely the topic and the methods Lipski plans to use. Chapter 2 handles morphological, syntactic, and semantic traits of the speech, ranging from verbal restructuring to those vestigial attributes shared with speakers of American Spanish varieties found in the United States.

The third and fourth chapters deal with phonological traits of congo speech and comparisons with general Panamanian Spanish; herein Lipski's work reveals interesting correspondences between congo speech and other American Spanish varieties. Finally, in chapter 5, Lipski speculates on the possible bases for congo speech patterns and characteristics; he strongly suggests that congo speech shows little or no connection with creole or bozal Afro-Iberian dialects. The references are minutiae of useful sources referring to Spanish dialectology and creole studies in several languages.

The appendix occasions a view at what Lipski really undertook; it provides a script of many hours of taped interviews which give ample indication of the author's dedication to details. Indeed, he acquired the characteristics of a cultural anthropologist by becoming a part of the Costa Arriba Congo community over a period of months in the mid s. The dearth of typographical errors specifically, p. Although the early pages of the text assume some prior knowledge of linguistics, the text would certainly be accessible not only to linguists, but also to anthropologists, sociologists, historians, folklorists, and other scholars interested in this area of study.

We as linguists can only hope Lipski will continue in his prodigious ways of producing superior, in-depth essays on little studied areas of Spanish dialectology. The novel in question, then, has suddenly sprung into a place of prominence in the Galdosian canon, with new accessibility being offered to general readers and specialists. The tragic ending -which presents the murder of the protagonist by his absolutist uncle- is that found in the manuscript, and is more in accord with the overall Galdosian vision of the Spain of Fernando VII.

The reader not familiar with Madrid and Spanish is probably left confused and the reader familiar with both, annoyed. For six of the novel's forty-three chapters Walter Rubin supplies historical notes. This reader did not find them especially helpful and wonders if a short, general historical introduction to the historical personages and issues of the times might not have been more advisable. They have supplied in an attractive, sturdy trade-paperback format an important Spanish novel of the nineteenth century in English.

Finally, classes in Latin American studies may find this picture of Spain during the time of American independence movements most revealing. An inveterate advocate of this unique and prolific twentieth-century author, as evidenced by his enthusiastic introduction to the present volume as well as his recent monograph A Labyrinth of Imagery: The problems posed by such an enterprise are insurmountable. The resulting juxtaposition of humor and lyricism, poetic heights and occasional prosaic plunges, together with a potpourri of themes, is as disconcerting here as it is in the original.

This is not a collection to be read from cover to cover; instead the book should be opened at random and savored bit by bit. And when he succeeds -which is certainly not always- he soars. That's a hard thing for any translator to capture, especially when there is humor involved. Perhaps only another wizard of words would effectively recreate in English his brilliant and peculiar style. This novel is by no means an easy read, in the original Portuguese or in Rabassa's excellent translation, though in either case the reader's effort is well worth while. In other words, the English like its Portuguese predecessor , reads well what Rabassa translation does not?

This current edition of Avalovara is actually a re-edition of a translation that appeared in , published then by Alfred A. Given the novel's inherent structural and thematic challenges to the reader, however dedicated and resourceful, one wonders as to the motivation of the University of Texas Press certainly much less commercially-minded than the usual publishing venture , for the market will surely be at least somewhat limited.

The translation, besides opening the novel to a non-Portuguese-reading public, also points toward the translator's interpretation of the text. The current volume, then, is an act of critical scholarship, informed by the original novel and informing its subsequent readings, whether in English or in Portuguese. So Rabassa's translation should make Lins's text more accessible to readers, even if they are able to read Portuguese.

The translation will serve as a useful tool for all students of the novel, given the multilingual light it can shed on it. Throughout the novel, the translator succeeds in conveying the acute linguistic sensibility that characterizes the Brazilian original, making the reader in English feel the Portuguese behind and within his translation. The Portuguese text is like a yolyp, contained within the English version.

Other languages also figure in this polyglot: On occasion, even Portuguese figures in the text, though with the English equivalent in parentheses. This technique is not awkward at all, but rather serves to enhance the ratified aura of Lins's work. The question of who this is stands as only one of the mysteries of Avalovara. What is no mystery is that the translator would invest the kind of time and effort required to produce this sort of rendering.

Helena Parente Cunha's Woman Between Mirrors Mulher no espelho , one of the most striking and innovative novels to appear in Brazil in the nineteen eighties, is finally available in English thanks to a joint effort by Fred P. Ellison and Naomi Lindstrom. This sensitive and highly readable translation should be welcomed not only by the general English-speaking public, but most especially by students and teachers in Comparative Literature and Women's Studies courses, who now have access to another quality text by a contemporary Third World writer.

Woman Between Mirrors bears unquestionable evidence that post-modern self-consciousness does not have to yield a cold and cerebral text, as is the case with so many North American metafictionists, but can be used, rather, to generate a fictional text in which innermost feelings and powerful emotions unabashedly play a central role. This is not surprising since, as the meditation on the nature of writing in Chapter 19 clearly indicates, fiction is viewed here as a liberating enterprise, to the extent that it allows one to recreate reality and transcend the repetitive banality of the quotidian.

It is also important that during this transformation the protagonist becomes increasingly identified with Afro-Brazilian culture, not only because an analogy is developed between the enslavement of Blacks and the oppression of women, but also because the recovery of African roots by the protagonist represents the recovery of primordial freedom. In translating this magnificent novel, Ellison and Lindstrom were particularly successful at finding an American English equivalent for Parente Cunha's mellifluous poetic prose, without falling into a lofty, overblown rhetoricity.

It is hard to find fault with this superb translation, but I would like to point out two problems that seem to be out of line with the quality of Ellison and Lindstrom's work. The second problem is somewhat more serious. While in first grade, the protagonist is embarrassed by not knowing the meaning of bote , a less common Portuguese word for a small boat than barco or barquinho. The translators choose to use the English word boat , whereas perhaps a less common word such as dinghy might have been preferable. It seems unlikely that such a bright child as the protagonist wouldn't know the meaning of boat , although, at that age, it is conceivable that she wouldn't know what bote in Portuguese or dinghy in English meant.

This suggestion, however, is not meant to denigrate in any way the excellent translation by Fred Ellison and Naomi Lindstrom. We are lucky to have translators as sensitive to the nuances of the Portuguese language as our two colleagues from the University of Texas. Finally, I would like to call attention to the translators' preface, which contains an enlightening and lucid discussion not only of the problems they faced in translating Parente Cunha's novel, but of problems faced by translators in general.

This interesting preface is a welcome complement to a first-rate translation. A resposta, caso fosse dada, seria longa e transcenderia o escopo desta resenha. Jorge de Sena , traduzido por Francisco C. Os contos oferecem ao leitor a complexidade do universo seniano, bem como sua leveza no escrever e em compor teias e tramas. Her work has been making its way into English largely through the efforts of Ellen Watson, who has been publishing translations of Prado's poems in anthologies, magazines, and a chapbook.

The Alphabet in the Park offers a worthy, albeit monolingual, sampler of Prado's work. The cover photograph shows Prado looking equally earthy and elegant, accurately foreshadowing her poetry, grounded in primitive realities of life, yet knowingly conversant with the poetic past. Women's erotic expression has been a focus of the recent Brazilian cultural scene, and Prado has been attracting some of that attention.

Intensifying the impression of an uncontrived, here and now poetry are the allusions to Catholic culture. Still, it is too easy to be enraptured by the notion of artless, but marvelous, poetry emanating from an earth mother. Prado's poetry half-hides its intellectual and literary renovation that starts with Brazilian modernismo , with special reference to fellow mineiro authors.

This verse stands in an instantly recognizable, but complex, relation to Drummond's work. Prado's originality is nowhere stronger than in her bonds with other writers' work. Watson's selections effectively showcase Prado for English-language readers. Another Way to Be. Selected works of Rosario Castellanos.

Edited and translated by Myralyn F. Foreword by Edward D. Translated with an introduction and notes by David Johnston. Cantigueiros , 2 Society of the Cantigueiros, The Search for Order and Meaning. Viewer's Manual prepared by Luis Verano. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Essays on the Contemporary Mexican Novel.

Los zapaticos de rosa. Senda Nueva de Ediciones, Tales from the Mountain. Translated from the Portuguese by Ivana Carlsen. Centre Internacional de Recherche sur le Bilinguisme, UP of Kentucky, Index of Authors, Titles, and Reviewers. Cervantes and the Augustinian Religious Tradition. Spanish Literature Publications Company, The Quest for Modern Fiction. La verdad actual sobre los Amantes de Teruel.

Instituto de Estudios Turolenses, Universidad de Granada, Francis Cairns Publications , The Revolt of the Aesthetes: Critical Studies on Gonzalo Torrente Ballester. Society of Spanish and Spanish-American Studies, El sentimiento del miedo en la obra de Miguel Delibes.

In the Feminine Mode: Essays on Hispanic Women Writers. Bucknell University Press, British Hispanism and the Challenge of Literary Theory. Arts and Phillips, Marinho Matos Brumarte, Gomes, Adalino Cabral, editors, with a preface by Eduardo M. The Portuguese in the United States: A Bibliography First Supplement.

International Conference Group on Portugal, Edited by Peggy Sharpe-Valadares. Purdue University Press, The Idea of Race in Latin America , Edited by Richard Graham. U of Texas P, University of Florida Press, Slavery in Cuban Narrative. University of Texas Press, Annotated Bibliography of Puerto Rican Bibliographies. Vanguardism in Latin American Literature: An Annotated Bibliographical Guide. With the collaboration of Margo Milleret and John F. Bioy Casares y el alegre trabajo de la inteligencia. De ficciones y realidades: Perspectivas sobre literatura e historia colombianas. Tercer Mundo Editores, Themes for Vocabulary Building and Cultural Awareness.

Latin American Legal Abbreviations: Historia de la literatura hispanoamericana. Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, The Speech of the Negros Congos. The Golden Fountain Cafe. Translation and notes by Walter Rubin. Latin American Literary Review Press, Translated by Gregory Rabassa. Translated by Fred P. Ellison, and Naomi Lindstrom. A Poet's Way with Music.

By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. We have newly obtained superhump periods for 79 objects and 13 orbital periods, including periods from early superhumps. In order that future observations will be more astrophysically beneficial and rewarding to observers, we propose guidelines on how to organize observations of various superoutbursts. The measurements were obtained using inch and 1-inch telescopes, respectively. The observations were performed at the Masaryk University Observatory in Brno 3 nights, inch , and at the private observatory in Brno 16 nights, 1-inch in the Czech Republic from December to June Exposures were v - 60s, b - 30s, y - 30s, green - 30s.

For the small aperture telescope, five frames were combined to a single image to achieve a better signal-to-noise ratio. The time resolution of a such combined frame is about s. CCD images were calibrated in a standard way dark frame and flat field corrections. The C-Munipack software Motl was used for this processing as well as for differential photometry. The 4th file contains minima timings of eclipsing binary CL Aur.

A revised ephemeris and updated orbital period for EQ Tau have been determined from newly acquired CCD-derived photometric data. A Roche-type model based on the Wilson-Devinney code produced simultaneous theoretical fits of light curve data in three passbands by invoking cold spots on the primary component.

These new model fits, along with similar light curve data for EQ Tau collected during the previous six seasons , provided a rare opportunity to follow the seasonal appearance of star spots on a W UMa binary system over nine consecutive years. Fixed values for q,? With the exception of the season all other light curves produced since then required a spotted solution to address the flux asymmetry exhibited by this binary system at Max I and Max II.

At least one cold spot on the primary appears in seven out of twelve light curves for EQ Tau produced over the last nine years, whereas in six instances two cold spots on the primary star were invoked to improve the model fit. Solutions using a hot spot were less common and involved positioning a single spot on the primary constituent during the , , and seasons. In many industrial areas such as in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, printing, and textile, the use of synthetic dyes has been integral with products such as azo dye, anthrax, and dyestuffs.

As such, these industries produce a lot of waste by-products that could contaminate the environment. Bioremediation, therefore, has become an important emerging technology due to its cost-sustainable, effective, natural approach to cleaning up contaminated groundwater and soil via the use of microorganisms. The use of microorganisms in bioremediation requires the optimisation of parameters used in cultivating the organism.

Biodegradation analyses were carried out on a soil spiked with RBBR and supplemented with rice husk as the fungus growth enhancer. A two-level Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the medium components for the effects on the decolourization of RBBR. To describe the clinical course of paediatric patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease in UMAE of Yucatan.

Descriptive review was performed on the records of paediatric patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease from 1 November to 30 November The most frequent heart diseases were persistent ductus arteriosus The median intensive care stay was 3 days. The most frequent complications were sepsis 5. There was a moderate positive correlation between surgical complications and survival or death. The number of surgical patients is lower compared to reference centres for cardiovascular surgery.

There is a marked tendency to perform corrective and palliative surgeries in specific disease in patients with added risk or 'bad' cardiac anatomy that prevent full correction at the first attempt. Prospective epidemiological and clinical studies should be conducted to understand the behaviour of congenital heart diseases treated in the region. The orbital period decrease was found to be a rate of The inner and outer critical Roche lobes will contract and cause the contact degree to increase. Therefore, IK Boo may evolve into a deeper contact system. Furthermore, a possible cyclic variation was found with a period of 9.

Speciation, population structure, and demographic history of the Mojave Fringe-toed Lizard Uma scoparia , a species of conservation concern. The North American deserts were impacted by both Neogene plate tectonics and Quaternary climatic fluctuations, yet it remains unclear how these events influenced speciation in this region. We tested published hypotheses regarding the timing and mode of speciation, population structure, and demographic history of the Mojave Fringe-toed Lizard Uma scoparia , a sand dune specialist endemic to the Mojave Desert of California and Arizona.

We sampled individual lizards representing 22 insular dune localities, obtained DNA sequences for 14 nuclear loci, and found that U. Analyses of genotypes using Bayesian clustering algorithms did not identify discrete populations within U. Using isolation-with-migration IM models and a novel coalescent-based hypothesis testing approach, we estimated that U.

The likelihood ratio test and the Akaike Information Criterion consistently rejected nested speciation models that included parameters for migration and population growth of U. We reject the Neogene vicariance hypothesis for the speciation of U. It is a high-amplitude V 0. As expected, the light curve is asymmetric due to spot activity.

Three times of minimum light were calculated, for two primary eclipses and one secondary eclipse, from our present observations. In total, some 26 times of minimum light covering nearly 20 years of observation were used to determine linear and quadratic ephemerides. It is noted that the light curve solution remained in a detached state for every iteration of the computer runs.

A degree radius high latitude white spot faculae was iterated on the primary component. Three new precise epochs of minimum light were determined and a linear and a quadratic ephemeris were computed from these and previous data covering 28 years of observation. The light curves reveal that the system undergoes a brief 20 min totality in the primary eclipse, indicating that CE Leo is a W UMa W-type binary.

Standard magnitudes were found and a simultaneous solution of the B, V, R, I light curves was computed using the new Wilson-Devinney synthetic light curve code which has the capability of automatically adjusting star spots. The solution indicates that the system consists of two early K-type dwarfs in marginal contact with a fill-out factor less than 3 percent.

Evidence for the presence of a large 45 deg radius superluminous area on the cooler component is given. Environmental differences in substrate mechanics do not affect sprinting performance in sand lizards Uma scoparia and Callisaurus draconoides. Running performance depends on a mechanical interaction between the feet of an animal and the substrate. This interaction may differ between two species of sand lizard from the Mojave Desert that have different locomotor morphologies and habitat distributions. Uma scorparia possesses toe fringes and inhabits dunes, whereas the closely related Callisaurus draconoides lacks fringes and is found on dune and wash habitats.

The present study evaluated whether these distribution patterns are related to differential locomotor performance on the fine sand of the dunes and the course sand of the wash habitat. We measured the kinematics of sprinting and characterized differences in grain size distribution and surface strength of the soil in both habitats.

Although wash sand had a surface strength The broadly distributed C. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in maximum acceleration or the time to attain maximum speed between species or between substrates. These results suggest that differences in habitat distribution between these species are not related to locomotor performance and that sprinting ability is dominated neither by environmental differences in substrate nor the presence of toe fringes.

Size-resolved chemistry of aerosols produced by Halema' uma 'u eruption , Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i. A dense quiescent plume has been emitted continuously from the eruptive vent in Halema' uma 'u crater since March Aerosol particles were sampled near-source in the young plume uma 'u and Pu'u O'o show SO in the same narrow size bin 0. It is noteworthy that the particles appear not to have grown when the plume has drifted km downwind. The formation of aerosol measured downwind is dominated by oxidation of SO2 to SO in the plume. Um total de 5. These solar-type systems are usually detached or semidetached with one or both components under filling their critical Roche lobes.

They usually have EA or EB-type light curves unequal eclipse depths, indicating components with substantially different temperatures. The accepted scenario for these W UMa binaries is that they are undergoing steady but slow angular momentum losses due to magnetic braking as stellar winds blow radially away on stiff bipolar field lines. These binaries are believed to come into stable contact and eventually coalesce into blue straggler type, single, fast rotating A-type stars Guinan and Bradstreet, This is the shortest period PCWB found so far.

Our solutions of light curves separated by some three years give approximately the same physical parameters. However the spots radically change, in temperature, area and position causing a distinctive variation in the shape of the light curves. We conclude that spots are very active on this solar type dwarf system and that it may mimic its larger cousins, the RS CVn binaries. New photometric observations of a W UMa system, V Aur, were carried out over 10 nights from December 19 to February 8, from which four sets of light curves were obtained.

The light curves show many unusual behavioral features, including changing occultation depths, transit minima, and asymmetric maxima. The four sets of light curves have been separately analyzed with the Wilson-Devinney method. The results suggest a totally eclipsing contact configuration for the system. Over a surprisingly short time span of only 52 days, the dominant spot distortion phase jumped twice between phases 0.

The light-curve variations can be interpreted by the presence of two cool spots on the massive component. Our study demonstrates that the system has been undergoing typical flip-flop activity. Mortalidade em florestas de Pinus palustris causada por tempestade de raios. The importance of lightning as an ignition source for the fire driven Pinus palustris ecosystem is widely recognized.

Lightning also impacts this system on a smaller scale by causing individual tree mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the level of mortality due to lightning activity at the Department of Energy's Savannah Lineage diversification of fringe-toed lizards Phrynosomatidae: Uma notata complex in the Colorado Desert: Delimiting species in the presence of gene flow. Multi-locus nuclear DNA data were used to delimit species of fringe-toed lizards of the Uma notata complex, which are specialized for living in wind-blown sand habitats in the deserts of southwestern North America, and to infer whether Quaternary glacial cycles or Tertiary geological events were important in shaping the historical biogeography of this group.

We analyzed ten nuclear loci collected using Sanger sequencing and genome-wide sequence and single-nucleotide polymorphism SNP data collected using restriction-associated DNA RAD sequencing. Therefore, we conservatively delimit four species-level lineages within this complex U. Both concatenated and coalescent-based estimates of speciation times support the hypotheses that speciation within the complex occurred during the late Pleistocene, and that the geological evolution of the Colorado River delta during this period was an important process shaping the observed phylogeographic patterns.

Enfocamos e discutimos principalmente os seguintes aspectos da fase impulsiva do evento: O primeiro eixo integra o tema no desenvolvimento cultural do ser humano, praticando a interdisciplinaridade. No trabalho discutimos em detalhe as quatro etapas. Como resultados, adiantamos que: The summit eruption within Halema' uma 'u crater, Kilauea has been characterized by alternations of passive degassing with two styles of explosive activity, both frequently triggered by rock falls that perturb the free surface of magma in the vent.

In the first, larger rock falls trigger second vesiculation of magma at depths up to m below the free surface ejecting juvenile bomb and lapilli populations of very variable vesicularity. The second, the topic of this presentation, consists of intervals of minutes to tens-of-minutes duration of low fountaining activity often from multiple locations.

Vents may migrate with time, first across the free surface to its margins, and then around the margins, in response to convection processes in the underlying melt. Analysis of short sequences of high-speed, high-resolution video footage shows that the sustained fountaining is maintained by not by a continuous discharge but rather by closely spaced bursting of two-to-five meter-wide bubbles. The light curve contains one superoutburst, eight normal outbursts including a precursor to the superoutburst , and several minioutbursts that are present before—but not after—the superoutburst.

The superoutburst began with a precursor normal outburst, and shortly after the peak of the precursor, the system developed large-amplitude superhumps that achieved their maximum amplitude after just three superhump cycles. The period excess of the initial superhump period relative to the orbital period implies a mass ratio of 0.

In addition, our analysis of the variations in eclipse width and depth, as well as the hot spot amplitudes, generally provides substantiation of the thermal-tidal instability model. The K2 data, in conjunction with our ground-based time-resolved spectroscopy and photometry from to , allows us to determine many of the fundamental parameters of this system. In this paper will be introduced a method of astrophotography using a non-reflex photographic camera a low-cost method.

It will be revised some photographic processes commonly used nowadays for comparison with the aims of this paper. Although average emissions from the ERZ during this period have been times that of the summit, the relative impact of summit emissions is disproportionately large due to the location of the vent and the plume dispersal pattern to downwind communities. Ambient air quality data show that federal standards have been exceeded frequently in various communities on the south half of the island.

In July , the U. Coffee and macadamia nut farmers also reported damage to their fields. While some livestock farmers reported eye irritation in cattle, more significant damage was observed in the accelerated deterioration of galvanized fencing, gates, pipelines and other infrastructure. The increase in volcanic pollution has spurred health concerns. Em , o Sr. Learning Astronomy by Playing in a Park. Basic Concepts of Astronomy: This paper presents one of the concepts of Astronomy and its consequent failure in teaching this topic in high school, even when the official documents point out the necessity of Astronomy teaching at this school level.

Among the spontaneous conceptions in Astronomy that high school students carry with them, even after the end of the school, we emphasized in this research the Moon phases. The development of different strategies in relation to traditional methods, aimed to teaching-learning process on this topic was considered in this study. These strategies were devised based on the reference frame of the Meaningful Learning, as elaborated by Ausubel.

The proposals presented here include the active participation of students in experimental activities and other didactic activities, for their continuous evaluation during the process. These activities finished with a Comics elaboration about the Moon phases. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present a proposal for differentiated teaching activity about Moon phases supported by the theoretical principles of Meaningful Learning at Physics classes.

A time of minimum light of HJD Using Wilson-Devinney's binary model, we analized the light curves. MOST observations were obtained to search for photometric non-radial oscillations; none was detected with an upper limit of 0. A single, precise moment of the primary eclipse confirms the progressive shortening of the orbital period. The emergence of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers with lidocaine has transformed the minimally invasive treatment of wrinkles, lines and folds of the face. Patients can be treated quickly, painlessly and without the need for large doses of lidocaine.

Therefore, it is important to scientifically evaluate the merits of lidocaine-containing products over those without. Only 73 subjects completed the follow-up. There were 68 females and 5 males with medium-to-deep nasolabial folds. All subjects were randomly injected with the two products on one or the other side of the face. Both products achieved significant improvement in the wrinkle severity score. Overall results were slightly better with UJU due to ease of injection, lack of pain and avoidance of topical or parenteral anaesthetic.

In all other respects, differences in clinical data were not statistically significant. We verified the number of questions addressing this topic that were present over the years, as well as the most recurrent subjects. We discussed the results from what is proposed by the official documents regarding the teaching of Astronomy in the Elementary and Secondary Education and we entertain future expectations about the presence of contents of this science in future official examinations. The Universe in a Box: El Universo Representado en Una Caja: O Universo Representado em Uma Caixa: This is a report of an activity of introduction to the study of Astronomy developed with a group of future Physics teachers at a Brazilian public university.

Such activity had the goal of giving privileged emphasis to notions of spatiality, alternative conceptions of the participants and the process of interaction among peers, and consisted of the representation, in a three dimensional space, of the models of the universe that the participants had.

The results, which were categorized as miscellaneous, geocentric, heliocentric and acentric models of the universe, were qualitatively analyzed. Analyses of the activity in the perspective of the participants are indicated and additional considerations are made regarding its use as a resource for teaching Astronomy and for teacher training. Observacion y anatisis de la varlacton de parametros geofisicos de un pozo ubicado en el piedemonte lIanero. Este articulo presenta el desarrollo de instrumentacion especializada que se diseiio y se puso en funcionamiento con el fin de real izar la observacion y el anal isis de la variacion de parametres geofisicos de un pozo ubicado en el piedemonte llanero.

La instrumentacion esta compuesta por una estacion remota para el registro multipararnetro y una estacion local en la cual se analizan los registros bajados de la estacion remota mediante la interrogacion periodica. The effect of exotic grass Urochloa decumbens Stapf R. The introduction of exotic species is considered as one of the major causes of biodiversity loss. Mining activities caused changes of the natural habitats, leaving degraded areas after the mineral exploitation. In the process of exploitation, a huge depression was formed by the removal of soil which was mounded up nearby.

To prevent soil erosion of these mounds, an exotic grass, Urochloa decumbens Stapf R. Webster Poaceae was planted. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of this non-native grass on species richness and species composition of the natural regeneration in the degraded areas. Four areas were compared, two with and two without presence of U. Species richness of the regeneration areas and population sizes were significantly lower in the plots where the exotic grass was present.

Our study shows that U. A Diagnostic Assessment for the Teaching of Astronomy. The Meanings of Astronomical Observation: An Analysis on the Basis of Relationship with Knowledge. This article presents results of a research which aimed to understand the meanings that people construct for astronomical observation. The subjects, students and school teachers, initially received some instruction on how to view astronomical objects through the telescope. After the observation was realized, they were interviewed. The data analysis allowed the creation of 12 categories, later interpreted on the basis of relationship with knowledge relation to the world, with himself and with others , as presented by Bernard Charlot.

Learning about the Sky from the Environment: As melhoras, depois de normalizadas, do desempenho dos estudantes nos dois quesitos foram pequenas, 0. New ephemeris and the absolute parameters—masses, radii and luminosities—of the contact systems VW LMi and BX Dra have been obtained, by means of the analysis of the minima data available in the literature for the determination of the ephemeris and combining the previously published spectroscopic information and the results of the Wilson-Devinney method using photometric data for the determination of the absolute parameters.

Masses of the VW LMi contact system primary and secondary components are 1. The corresponding radii are 1. For the BX Dra contact system the masses are 2. In both cases, the estimated luminosities seem to be slightly greater that the values derived from the Hipparcos distances. Congenital heart defects are common in infants and adults, affecting quality of life if not corrected. Unlike open surgery, percutaneous intervention allows correction with a high success rate and speedy recovery.

In Mexico, there are not enough studies to describe their efficacy and safety. A cohort study was conducted in the Hospital "Manuel Avila Camacho", in Puebla, Mexico, including patients with congenital heart defects repaired by percutaneous intervention, recording data from clinical records. The following were documented: SPSS was used, using descriptive and inferential statistics. The patients' congenital heart defects treated were ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, and aortic coarctation, with ductus arteriosus being recorded as the most frequent congenital heart defect.

Anatomical corrections of congenital defects were successful in VZ Psc is a W-type contact binary system with a short period of 0. B, V, Rc and Ic light curves of the eclipsing binary system were obtained by using the 1. By collecting times of minimum light, we studied the orbital period change of VZ Psc.

A sinusoidal variation was discovered in the O - C diagram, and the amplitude of 0. This can be caused by Applegate mechanism or light-time effect. Both the mechanisms are suited according to our investigation, but we prefer the latter that the light-time effect due to the presence of a third body results in the cyclic variation.

By using the W-D program, we analyzed the four color light curves. Because of the asymmetric light curves and the possible third body, we used the spot mode of W-D program with and without L3. We found that a hot spot on the primary component with the third light leads to the best result. A very high filling factor of This study presents the absolute parameters of the contact binary system V And. The instrumental magnitudes of all observed stars were converted into standard magnitudes. New BV light curves of the system were analysed using the Wilson-Devinney method supplemented with a Monte Carlo type algorithm.

Since there are large asymmetries between maxima i. Combining the solutions of our light curves and Rucinski et al. We also discuss the evolution of the system, which appears to have an age of 1.

Emissão RTP 3

An Invited Preface for the Following Book: Astrobiologia, Uma Ciencia Emergente. Since the dawn of civilization, we have beheld at the beauty and wonder of the natural world around us and wondered how it came to be. We have pondered the past, and have been intrigued about the future. For this we are unique. Our ancestors looked to the vastness of space and thought surely there are others out there.

We are now at a new time in human history where we can address these age-old questions with a scientific approach and study rigorously the three big questions of astrobiology: Where do we come from? Where are we going? These fundamental questions of astrobiology correspond to those of humanity, and arguably, what makes us human. And so we cannot help but be drawn to the field.

Unlike other scientific disciplines, Astrobiology draws on the latest advances in a multitude of fields, from evolutionary and molecular biology, to prebiotic and interstellar chemistry, from astrophysics to astronomy, with a healthy dose of earth and planetary science. Astrobiology is in reality a "metadiscipline" drawing on useful science wherever it is to be found. From a practical point of view, this endeavor requires the interaction of scientists who might not normally meet each other, much less work on a common research project.

And, unlike most other scientific disciplines, Astrobiology has implications for how we see ourselves, and how we interact with the earth and beyond. Either result will force ethical considerations of either "the other" and their relationship to us, or our solitude and thus responsibility as the only life form in our cosmos.

So what is Astrobiology? Let's start with the "Where do we come from? But this doesn't address why this happened the way it did without a comprehensive understanding of the environment. What was the temperature at such and such a time? Was the earth in a snowball phase or being bombarded by meteorites -- or even just a single large, well-placed one such as struck off the Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago.

This event could not have been predicted by population genetics alone, yet it had the most profound influence on our evolution as without it, we could still be in a world dominated by dinosaurs with the mammals cowering under cover. One must go back to the dawn of life. How did life arise? What was the environmental backdrop that allowed it to happen? How did we happen to end up with a habitable planet? Indeed, what is the origin and evolution of our solar system, galaxy, biogenic elements all the way back to the Big Bang.

The "Where are we going? Whereas the past was dominated by physical and chemical processes, and organismal interactions, the future has a new major player: While we probably don't have the power yet to stop our galaxy passing through another, or even reset the sun or stop the movement of the moon away from the earth, all of these things will influence the future of life on earth. We are already proving that we have the power to visit other bodies in our solar system, either with humans or our robotic surrogates.

We are changing our atmospheric composition and thus our climate. We have the power to render species extinct, including our own. But we also have the power to use these tools for the common good, to extend our lifetimes and reclaim our rivers and forests. Which will it be? And then there is the question where science fiction becomes a reality: But what if there was a beneficent alien civilization that could communicate with us, perhaps forging a mutual understanding? More likely in the forseeable future is finding a small life, less evolved, life form. Note I did not use the word "simple" as there is nothing "simple" about life, ever.

Which brings us back to the question: So where does Brazil come in? Each time I go to Brazil, I am impressed by the enthusiasm of the community, both scientific and student, the latter an excellent omen for the future of astrobiology in Brazil. Facilities are being built to supplement the natural laboratories that Brazil is blessed to have. In my own lab I have been privileged to have a wonderful Brazilian postdoctoral fellow, Dr.

Ivan Paulino-Lima, resulting in a daily reminder of the program. I am honored to have been part of the development of astrobiology in Brazil, and hope that this relationship will continue to flourish. Clearly to advance astrobiology needs new knowledge, a reorganization of that which is known, and space missions. To help the reader join on this quest, what follows is a buffet of topics that will allow the reader to nibble on the richness that is Astrobiology.

And, like a fabulous meal, it should make you want more. We present new photometric observations covering eight minima times for the eclipsing binary GSC Eight minima times were obtained from the new observations. Investigations into the thermal non-equilibrium of W UMa -type contact binaries. Traditionally, some physical details e.

However, the real evolutionary processes which usually contain several of these physical mechanisms are very complicated as a result of strong interaction between components. To avoid dealing with these factors, a linear relationship is applied to the temperatures of components.

On this basis, a variation trend of fill-out factor f changing with mass ratio can be inferred, which is consistent with observations. Moreover, if we stick to this point of view, it should be natural that the number of semi-detached binaries in the predicted broken-contact phase of relaxation oscillations is less than the number in the contact phase.

A year-old boy presented congenital, raised, yellowish colored plaques with fibroelastic consistency, which were velvety in appearance, alopecic, with clearly defined limits and sulci or well-marked meandering invaginations, a cerebriform appearance on the upper part of the right ear, accompanied by alopecia in the temporomandibular region-parietal.

The lesion was asymptomatic. Histopathologic examination revealed acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis and follicular plugging in the epidermis. The upper dermis showed underdeveloped hair follicles with sebaceous glands, consistent with sebaceous nevus. There were no skeletal, cardiological, ophthalmological or neuropsychomotor changes; nor were there any records of relevant pathologies in the family history. The patient complained of his appearance, experiencing aesthetic and social issues.

Following a diagnosis of cerebriform nevus sebaceous, complete excision was performed with excellent aesthetic results. Lava level is a fundamental measure of lava lake activity, but very little continuous long-term data exist worldwide to explore this aspect of lava lake behavior. The ongoing summit eruption at Kilauea Volcano began in and is characterized by an active lava lake within the eruptive vent. Lava level has been measured nearly continuously at Kilauea for several years using a combination of webcam images, laser rangefinder, and terrestrial LIDAR.

Fluctuations in lava level have been a common aspect of the eruption and occur over several timescales. At the shortest timescale, the lava lake level can change over seconds to hours owing to two observed shallow gas-related processes. First, gas pistoning is common and is driven by episodic gas accumulation and release from the surface of the lava lake, causing the lava level to rise and fall by up to 20 m. Second, rockfalls into the lake trigger abrupt gas release, and lava level may drop as much as 10 m as a result.

Over days, cyclic changes in lava level closely track cycles of deflation-inflation DI deformation events at the summit, leading to level changes up to 50 m. Rift zone intrusions have caused large up to m drops in lava level over several days. On the timescale of weeks to months, the lava level follows the long-term inflation and deflation of the summit region, resulting in level changes up to m. The remarkable correlation between lava level and deflation-inflation cycles, as well as the long-term deformation of the summit region, indicates that the lava lake acts as a reliable 'piezometer' a measure of liquid pressure in the magma plumbing system ; therefore, assessments of summit pressurization and rift zone eruption potential can now be carried out with the naked eye.

The coupling of these lava levels implies an efficient hydraulic connection between the summit and east rift zone vents. This connection has been indicated previously with geophysical data and is reinforced in a new quantitative manner with lava level data. Lastly, the current lava level at the summit is significantly lower than the mean level measured in the crater during continuous lava lake activity in the early s. The precise correspondence between lava lake level and deformation of the summit implies that the lake level is a good indication of the pressure state of the magma reservoir.

Tracking lava level over time may therefore provide an indication of the potential for future changes in eruptive activity. Such an observation has clear relevance for monitoring analogous open-vent basaltic volcanoes, especially where other measures of volcanic activity, like seismic or deformation measurements, may be lacking. Este resultado foi utilizado como a base de nosso sistema em seu instante inicial. As EMC foram simuladas como um aumento de densidade e temperatura local na coroa solar.

A critical review of period analyses and implications for mass exchange in W UMa eclipsing binaries: This is the third of a series of four papers, the goal of which is to identify the overcontact eclipsing binary star systems for which a solid case can be made for mass exchange. To reach this goal, it is necessary first to identify those systems for which there is a strong case for period change. We have identified 60 candidate systems; in the first two papers Nelson et al. For each system, we present a detailed discussion and evaluation concerning the observational and interpretive material presented in the literature.

At least one eclipse timing ET diagram, commonly referred to as an "O-C diagram", that includes the latest available data, accompanies each discussion. In paper 4, we will discuss the mechanisms that can cause period change and which of the 60 systems can be reliably concluded to exhibit mass exchange; we will also provide a list of marginal and rejected cases - suitable for future work. Biomass consumption and CO2, CO and main hydrocarbon gas emissions in an Amazonian forest clearing fire. Biomass consumption and CO2, CO and hydrocarbon gas emissions in an Amazonian forest clearing fire are presented and discussed.

The experiment was conducted in the arc of deforestation, near the city of Alta Floresta , state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Understorey fire propagation and tree mortality on adjacent areas to an Amazonian deforestation fire. Fire characteristics in tropical ecosystems are poorly documented quantitatively in the literature.

This paper describes an understorey fire propagating across the edges of a biomass burn of a cleared primary forest. The experiment was carried out in in the Amazon forest near Alta Floresta , state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, as part of biomass burning experiments Biomass consumption and C02, CO and hydrocarbon gas emissions in an Amazonian forest clearing fire are presented and discussed.

The average carbon content of dry biomass was 48 percent and the estimated average moisture content Describes experiences with hospitalized children through the extension project "Writing and Reading at the University Hospital", State University of Maringa Hospital Brazil. States the initial project proposal provided educational assistance to the children separated from school due to being in the hospital. Used play and games as an…. The added power of more than two samples is enormous in improving capture-recapture estimates of numbers. The first known occurrence of thorite in Portugal is reported.

The mineral was found as small dark reddishbrown euhedral grains scattered in a soil sample from the hyper-alkaline syerdte region of Alter Pedroso, in prospecting for radioactive materials. Zircon, riebeckite, aegirine, feldspar, biotite, magnetite all of these common minerals of the hyper-alkaline syenite , and a few other urddentified minerals were found in the soil associated with thorite.

This suggests the weathering of a local pegmatitic differentiation of the syenite as the origin of the thorite.

uma floresta estacional: Topics by theranchhands.com

Specific gravity determinations were somewhat impaired by zircon inclusions and led to a value of 4. The chemical composition was determined by emission and x-ray fluorescence spectrography and shows a high yttrium content. A partial semiquantitative analysis gave the following results: X-raypowder patterns obtained before and after heating the sample to ts C for 1 hr in air confirmed the mineral to be only slightly metamict and showed that the tetragonal phase still prevails above ts C.

Presents examples of the discourse of construction industry personnel involved in workplace basic education in Brazil. Identifies the limits of the schooling process and the difficulties inherent in the present…. Monte Carlo x Bootstrap. Trend of leprosy in individuals under the age of 15 in Mato Grosso Brazil , Summary of Research Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes sensu lato Acari: Although Astronomy is one of the oldest Sciences in the world and many of its concepts are popular, it is possible to observe that a major part of the students do not know about them. This work aims to analyse the basic knowledge of the secondary school's students of a state school in the city of Suzano, related to the astronomical phenomena, which surround them.

It was carried out a questionnaire of multiple choice to 34 students from the first grade, night classes, of the state school Batista Renzi. From the sample, 34 students, only The actual analysis was expanded to more students of other classes, grades and periods of the same school.

In this first stage, it can be noted the students' little discernment of the astronomical events and mainly the great confusion about the appropriate meaning of popular astronomical terms. A survey of graduates and students from the University of Maine at Augusta UMA was conducted in Spring to provide a profile of new and continuing students and to assess the vocational success of recent UMA graduates. The survey sample included: Mediterranean outflow entrains ambient Atlantic Water as it follows the Iberian continental slope and sinks toward an ultimate depth near m in the El gas natural abastece cerca de Los vehiculos de gas natural NGV, por sus siglas en ingles son una buena opcion para las flotas de vehiculos de alto kilometraje, tales como autobuses, taxis, vehiculos de recoleccion de basura, los cuales son alimentados centralmente u operan dentro de un area limitada o a lo largo de una ruta con estaciones de servicio de gas natural.

Methodology of the interpretation of remote sensing data and applications in geology. Particular attention is given to the levels of analysis used for studying geomorphology, structural geology, lithology, stratigraphy, surface geology, and dynamic processes. Examples of regional mapping described include: Mineral exploration in Rio Grande do Sul, and the geology of the Alcalino complex of Itatiaia are discussed as well as the use of automatic classifications of rock intrusions and of ilmenite deposits in the Floresta Region.

Aerial photography, side looking radar, and thermal infrared scanning are other types of remote sensors also used in prospecting for geothermal anomalies in the city of Caldas Novas-Goias. Astronomy in Science Textbooks: An Analysis of Pnld The importance of the textbooks in classrooms is revealed when studies are pointing that these pedagogical sources are, most of the times, the only source used by the elementary school teachers when preparing their Science lessons.

When we analyzed the Astronomy contents in the textbooks approved by the Brazilian Textbook Program and which, in theory, are the best available in the Brazilian editorial market, we examined some categories in the Textbook Guide. This research characterizes the frequency of Astronomical contents appearing in the texts, in the pictures, and in the hands-on activities. Additionally, it describes some misconceptions and presents additional information on the collections. Contribuciones tecnicas para la medida de la contaminacion electromagnetica de microondas.

Estudio en diversas poblaciones. La contaminacion ambiental por campos electromagneticos ha resultado ser en estos ultimos anos uno de los problemas mas acuciantes del panorama tecnologico y de salud publica. En el primero de los casos porque las inversiones realizadas son enormes y en el segundo porque cada vez es mayor el numero de articulos, "technical reports" e informes medicos que afirman la existencia de una cierta causalidad, aunque sea debil, entre los campos electromagneticos y ciertos cuadros sintomatologicos.

En esta memoria presentamos un resumen del trabajo realizado durante los ultimos anos en la medida de la contaminacion electromagnetica ambiental asociado a las comunicaciones inalambricas. En ella se recogen los fundamentos fisicos y propiedades de las ondas electromagneticas, la tecnologia empleada en los sistemas de telefonia celular y los antecedentes relativos a la investigacion de la interaccion de las ondas electromagneticas con organismos vivos.

Se desarrolla un procedimiento de medida que ha conducido a la elaboracion de los primeros "mapas de radiofrecuencia" similares, en el aspecto descriptivo, a los mapas de ruido desarrollados en el area de la contaminacion acustica. Por ultimo, se analiza la respuesta subjetiva de los residentes, personas que viven en el entorno de cobertura de las estaciones base de telefonia movil y que se ven sometidos a determinados niveles de radiacion electromagnetica, con el fin de situar este fenomeno al nivel que le corresponde en el ambito de la respuesta subjetiva ciudadana.

Long term atmospheric aerosol characterization in the Amazon Basin. This chapter presents a characterization of atmospheric aerosols collected in different places in the Amazon Basin. Both the biogenic aerosol emission from the forest and the particulate material which is emitted to the atmosphere due to the large scale man-made burns during the dry season were studied. Aerosol samples were also collected directly over fires of cerrado vegetation and tropical primary forest burns The samples were analyzed using several techniques for a number of elements.

Gravimetric analyses were used to determine the total atmospheric aerosol concentration. Multivariate statistical analysis was used in order to identify and characterize the sources of the atmospheric aerosol present in the sampled regions. Cerrado burning emissions were enriched compared to forest ones, specially for Cl, K and Zn.

High atmospheric aerosol concentrations were observed in large amazonian areas due to emissions from man-made burns in the period from June to September. The emissions from burns dominate the fine fraction of the atmospheric aerosol with characteristic high contents of black carbon, S and K. Aerosols emitted in biomass burning process are correlated to the increase in the aerosol optical thickness of the atmosphere during the Amazonian dry season. The Serra do Navio aerosol is characterized by biogenic emissions with strong marine influence. The presence of trace elements characteristic of soil particulate associated with this marine contribution indicates the existence of aerosol transport from Africa to South America.

Similar composition characteristics were observed in the biogenic emission aerosols from Serra do Navio and Alta Floresta. The disk instability model for the outbursts of dwarf novae is reviewed, with particular attention given to the superoutburst of SU UMa stars. Two intrinsic instabilities in accretion disks of dwarf novae are known; the thermal instability and the tidal instability. The thermal-tidal instability model abbreviated the TTI model , which combines these two instabilities, was first proposed in by Osaki to explain the superoutburst phenomenon of SU UMa stars.

A program of geologic mapping and mineral investigation in Colombia was undertaken cooperatively by the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologico-Mineras formerly known as the Inventario Minero Nacional , and the U. The purpose was to study, and evaluate mineral resources excluding of petroleum, coal, emeralds, and alluvial gold of four selected areas, designated Zones I to IV, that total about 70, km2. The northeast trend of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia swings abruptly to north-northwest in the area of this report, and divides around the southern end of the Maracaibo Basin.

This section of the Cordillera Oriental is referred to as the Santander Massif. Radiometric age determinations indicate that the oldest rocks of the Santander massif are Precambrian and include high-grade gneiss, schist, and migmatite of the Bucaramanga Formation. These rocks were probably part of the Precambrian Guayana Shield. Low- to medium-grade metamorphic rocks of late Precambrian to Ordovician age. Orthogneiss ranging from granite to tonalite is widely distributed in the high- and medium-grade metamorphic rocks of the central core of the massif and probably represents rocks of two ages, Precambrian and Ordovician to Early Devonian.

Younger orthogneiss and the Silgara are overlain by Middle Devonian beds of the Floresta Formation which show a generally low but varying degree of metamorphism. Phyllite and argillite are common, and infrequent marble and other calcareous beds are fossiliferous. Except for recrystallization in limestones of! Demographic and quality control parameters of Anastrepha Fraterculus Diptera: Tephritidae maintained under artificial rearing. Tephritidae is a promising alternative to chemically-based control in those areas where it is sympatric with Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann Diptera: Tephritidae or other tephritid species for which the SIT is being used.

Implementation of the SIT requires the development of a cost effective mass-rearing protocol. In this work, we present demographic and quality control parameters for the A. Fertility was constant during this period. During and , some improvements were made to the existing rearing protocol, which resulted in increased larval viability, pupal weight, and adult emergence. Current weekly egg production is 1 million per week. These eggs are used to maintain the colony and to assess quality parameters. Finally, research needs leading to improved yields and fly quality are discussed.

Tephritidae , es una alternativa interesante para reemplazar al control quimico en aquellas zonas donde esta especie es simpatrica con Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann Diptera: Tephritidae u otros tefritidos para los que ya se utiliza la TIE. La implementacion de la TIE requiere del desarrollo de un protocolo de cria masiva que sea costo-efectivo. En este trabajo presentamos parametros demograficos y de control de calidad de la cepa criada en la Estacion Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Tucuman, Argentina. Considerando a la jaula de cria como unidad reproductiva, se.

Dichos mapas proveen valores medios globales para el intervalo ajustado. Petrographic, geochemical, and U-Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic data from two basement metagranitic suites within the terrane provide evidence for Neoarchean 2. The Riacho das Lajes Suite is made of medium to coarse-grained hornblende and biotite-bearing metatonalites and metamonzogranites.

Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that these rocks represent calcic, magnesian and meta-to peraluminous magmas, and have unequivocal affinities with high-Al low-REE tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorites TTG. Zircon U-Pb data from two samples of this suite indicate that they were emplaced at 2.

The overall geochemical and isotopic data indicate a Neoarchean intraoceanic setting for genesis of the Riacho das Lajes magma via melting of basaltic oceanic crust submitted to high-pressure eclogite facies conditions. On the other hand, the Floresta Suite comprise metaigneous rocks, which are mostly tonalitic and granodioritic in composition.