Parachutes

With applications ranging from recreational skydiving to military combat missions, parachutes today come in a variety of forms engineered for specific purposes and settings; accordingly, these work in related but distinct ways. All parachutes are designed for one fundamental purpose: They do so by taking advantage of atmospheric drag, a physical quantity that to engineers is more often a nuisance than a boon.

The greater the drag generated by a parachute, the more slowly a given object attached to that parachute will descend to Earth. In a vacuum a parachute would be worthless because it would have no air molecules to "pull" against.

The main part of the parachute is called a canopy, which balloons outward as its payload begins to fall. The canopy's shape is the biggest determinant of a parachute's behavior. The earliest round parachutes were circular when flattened out, and this made them notably unstable in action because they resisted forming a dome shape; this led to a high number of fatal accidents. Later, military-built round parachutes worked far better because they were parabolic in shape. Some round parachutes are not steerable, so they travel in accordance with prevailing wind conditions.

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However, there is no evidence suggesting that da Vinci ever actually constructed such a device. The modern parachute developed at virtually the same time as the balloon , though the two events were independent of each other.

Lenormand jumped from a tree with two parasols. A few years later, other French aeronauts jumped from balloons.

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Early parachutes—made of canvas or silk—had frames that held them open like an umbrella. Later in the s, soft, foldable parachutes of silk were used; these were deployed by a device attached to the airborne platform from which the jumper was diving that extracted the parachute from a bag. Only later still, in the early s, did the rip cord that allowed the parachutist to deploy the chute appear.

Coldplay - Parachutes (Official)

The first successful descent from an airplane was by Capt. Albert Berry of the United States Army in But in World War I , although parachutes were used with great frequency by men who needed to escape from tethered observation balloons, they were considered impractical for airplanes, and only in the last stage of the war were they finally introduced. In World War II , however, parachutes were employed extensively, especially by the Germans, for a variety of purposes that included landing special troops for combat, supplying isolated or inaccessible troops, and infiltrating agents into enemy territory.

Specialized parachutes were invented during World War II for these tasks. One such German-made parachute—the ring, or ribbon, parachute—was composed of a number of concentric rings of radiating ribbons of fabric with openings between them that allowed some airflow; this chute had high aerodynamic stability and performed heavy-duty functions well, such as dropping heavy cargo loads or braking aircraft in short landing runs.



In the s, building upon the knowledge gained from manufacturing square sport parachutes see below , ram-air parachutes were extensively enlarged, and a platform containing a computer that controls the parachute and guides the platform to its designated target was added for military applications; these parachutes are capable of carrying thousands of pounds of payload to precision landing spots. Parachutes designed to open at supersonic speeds have radically different contours from conventional canopy chutes; they are made in the form of a cone, with air allowed to escape either through pores of the material or through a large circular opening running around the cone.

To permit escape from an aircraft flying at supersonic speeds, the parachute is designed as part of an assembly that includes the ejection seat. A small rocket charge ejects pilot, seat, and parachute; when the pilot is clear of the seat, the parachute opens automatically. The sport parachute has evolved over the years from the traditional round parachute to the square actually rectangular ram-air airfoils commonly seen today. Round parachutes were made of nylon and assembled in a pack attached to a harness worn by the user, which contained the parachute canopy, a small pilot chute that assisted in opening the canopy, and suspension lines.

Early in their design evolution, round parachutes had holes placed into them to allow air to escape out the side, which thus provided some degree of maneuverability to the parachutist, who could selectively close off vents to change direction. These round parachutes had a typical forward speed of 5—7 miles per hour 8—11 km per hour.

Over two million copies have been shipped to the United States, leading to being certified 2x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. According to the British trade paper Music Week , Parachutes was one of the most-impressive debut albums ever, spawning the hit singles "Shiver", "Yellow", and "Trouble".

Parachutes Do Not Save People Who Fall Out Of Airplanes: Study

Despite the album's critical and commercial success, lead singer Chris Martin said that Coldplay didn't like the album. He also commented that they look beyond Parachutes: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Parachutes Studio album by Coldplay. Alternative rock post-Britpop pop rock.

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Chris Allison Coldplay Ken Nelson. Coldplay Chris Martin — lead vocals, acoustic guitar, keyboards Jonny Buckland — electric guitar, piano track 4 , backing vocals Guy Berryman — bass guitar Will Champion — drums, percussion, backing vocals Technical [46] Ken Nelson — production except track 8 , engineering Coldplay — production except track 8 Chris Allison — production track 8 , engineering track 8 , mixing track 8 Andrea Wright — engineering assistant Jon Coles — engineering assistant Paul Read — engineering assistant Simon Barnicott — engineering assistant Mark Phythian — computer magic Michael H.



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Parachute Basics

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