Therefore, liberal democracies are less likely to go war, especially against each other. Coleman further distinguishes between offensive and defensive wars and finds that liberal democracies are less likely to fight defensive wars that may have already begun due to excessive discounting of future costs. There are several logically distinguishable classes of criticism.
But see List of wars between democracies. However, its authors include wars between young and dubious democracies, and very small wars. For example, Gowa finds evidence for democratic peace to be insignificant before , because of the too small number of democracies, and offers an alternate explanation for the following period see the section on Realist Explanations.
However, this can be seen as the longest-lasting criticism to the theory; as noted earlier, also some supporters Wayman agree that the statistical sample for assessing its validity is limited or scarce, at least if only full-scale wars are considered. According to one study, Ray which uses a rather restrictive definition of democracy and war, there were no wars between jointly democratic couples of states in the period from to Assuming a purely random distribution of wars between states, regardless of their democratic character, the predicted number of conflicts between democracies would be around ten.
So, Ray argues that the evidence is statistically significant, but that it is still conceivable that, in the future, even a small number of inter-democratic wars would cancel out such evidence. Gibler and Andrew Owsiak in their study argued peace almost always comes before democracy and that states do not develop democracy until all border disputes have been settled.
These studies indicate that there is strong evidence that peace causes democracy but little evidence that democracy causes peace. The hypothesis that peace causes democracy is supported by psychological and cultural theories. Christian Welzel's human empowerment theory posits that existential security leads to emancipative cultural values and support for a democratic political organization. Several studies fail to confirm that democracies are less likely to wage war than autocracies if wars against non-democracies are included. Some authors criticize the definition of democracy by arguing that states continually reinterpret other states' regime types as a consequence of their own objective interests and motives, such as economic and security concerns Rosato For example, one study Oren reports that Germany was considered a democratic state by Western opinion leaders at the end of the 19th century; yet in the years preceding World War I, when its relations with the United States, France and Britain started deteriorating, Germany was gradually reinterpreted as an autocratic state, in absence of any actual regime change.
Shimmin Shimmin moves a similar criticism regarding the western perception of Milosevic's Serbia between and Rummel Rummel replies to this criticism by stating that, in general, studies on democratic peace do not focus on other countries' perceptions of democracy; and in the specific case of Serbia, by arguing that the limited credit accorded by western democracies to Milosevic in the early '90s did not amount to a recognition of democracy, but only to the perception that possible alternative leaders could be even worse.
Some democratic peace researchers have been criticized for post hoc reclassifying some specific conflicts as non-wars or political systems as non-democracies without checking and correcting the whole data set used similarly. Supporters and opponents of the democratic peace agree that this is bad use of statistics, even if a plausible case can be made for the correction Bremer , Gleditsch , Gowa A military affairs columnist of the newspaper Asia Times has summarized the above criticism in a journalist's fashion describing the theory as subject to the no true Scotsman problem: Some democratic peace researchers require that the executive result from a substantively contested election.
This may be a restrictive definition: For example, the National Archives of the United States notes that "For all intents and purposes, George Washington was unopposed for election as President, both in and ". Under the original provisions for the Electoral College , there was no distinction between votes for President and Vice-President: Every elector cast one of his votes for Washington, [25] John Adams received a majority of the other votes; there were several other candidates: Spiro made several other criticisms of the statistical methods used.
Russett and a series of papers described by Ray responded to this, for example with different methodology. Sometimes the datasets used have also been criticized. For example, some authors have criticized the Correlates of War data for not including civilian deaths in the battle deaths count, especially in civil wars Sambanis Weeks and Cohen argue that most fishing disputes, which include no deaths and generally very limited threats of violence, should be excluded even from the list of military disputes.
Gleditsch made several criticisms to the Correlates of War data set, and produced a revised set of data. Maoz and Russett made several criticisms to the Polity I and II data sets, which have mostly been addressed in later versions. These criticisms are generally considered minor issues. The most comprehensive critique points out that "democracy" is rarely defined, never refers to substantive democracy, is unclear about causation, has been refuted in more than studies, fails to account for some deviant cases, and has been promoted ideologically to justify one country seeking to expand democracy abroad Haas Most studies treat the complex concept of "democracy" is a bivariate variable rather than attempting to dimensionalize the concept.
Studies also fail to take into account the fact that there are dozens of types of democracy, so the results are meaningless unless articulated to a particular type of democracy or claimed to be true for all types, such as consociational or economic democracy, with disparate datasets. The peacefulness may have various limitations and qualifiers and may not actually mean very much in the real world. Democratic peace researchers do in general not count as wars conflicts which do not kill a thousand on the battlefield; thus they exclude for example the bloodless Cod Wars.
However, as noted earlier, research has also found a peacefulness between democracies when looking at lesser conflicts. Democracies were involved in more colonial and imperialistic wars than other states during the — period. On the other hand, this relation disappears if controlling for factors like power and number of colonies. Liberal democracies have less of these wars than other states after Related to this is the human rights violations committed against native people , sometimes by liberal democracies. One response is that many of the worst crimes were committed by nondemocracies, like in the European colonies before the nineteenth century, in King Leopold II of Belgium 's privately owned Congo Free State , and in Joseph Stalin 's Soviet Union.
The United Kingdom abolished slavery in British territory in , immediately after the Reform Act had significantly enlarged the franchise. Of course, the abolition of the slave trade had been enacted in ; and many DPT supporters would deny that the UK was a liberal democracy in when examining interstate wars.
Hermann and Kegley argue that interventions between democracies are more likely to happen than projected by an expected model. Rummel argues that the continuing increase in democracy worldwide will soon lead to an end to wars and democide , possibly around or even before the middle of this century. Economic historians Joel Mokyr and Hans-Joachim Voth argue that democratic states may have been more vulnerable to conquest because the rulers in those states were too heavily constrained. Absolutist rulers in other states could however operate more effectively.
Democratic peace theory is a well established research field with more than a hundred authors having published articles about it. Imre Lakatos suggested that what he called a "progressive research program" is better than a "degenerative" one when it can explain the same phenomena as the "degenerative" one, but is also characterized by growth of its research field and the discovery of important novel facts.
In contrast, the supporters of the "degenerative" program do not make important new empirical discoveries, but instead mostly apply adjustments to their theory in order to defend it from competitors. Some researchers argue that democratic peace theory is now the "progressive" program in international relations.
According to these authors, the theory can explain the empirical phenomena previously explained by the earlier dominant research program, realism in international relations ; in addition, the initial statement that democracies do not, or rarely, wage war on one another, has been followed by a rapidly growing literature on novel empirical regularities.
Ray , Chernoff , Harrison Many democracies become non-democratic by war, as being aggressed or as aggressor quickly after a coup , sometimes the coup leader worked to provoke that war. Schmitt wrote on how to overrule a Constitution: Schmitt again on the need for internal and foreign enemies because they are useful to persuade the people not to trust anyone more than the Leader: Every state provides, therefore, some kind of formula for the declaration of an internal enemy.
One general criticism motivating research of different explanations is that actually the theory cannot claim that "democracy causes peace", because the evidence for democracies being, in general, more peaceful is very slight or non existent; it only can support the claim that " joint democracy causes peace". According to Rosato , this casts doubts on whether democracy is actually the cause because, if so, a monadic effect would be expected.
Perhaps the simplest explanation to such perceived anomaly but not the one the Realist Rosato prefers, see the section on Realist explanations below is that democracies are not peaceful to each other because they are democratic, but rather because they are similar. Or, that similarity in general does not solely affect the probability of war, but only coherence of strong political regimes such as full democracies and stark autocracies. Autocratic peace and the explanation based on political similarity is a relatively recent development, and opinions about its value are varied.
Henderson builds a model considering political similarity, geographic distance and economic interdependence as its main variables, and concludes that democratic peace is a statistical artifact which disappears when the above variables are taken into account. Werner finds a conflict reducing effect from political similarity in general, but with democratic dyads being particularly peaceful, and noting some differences in behavior between democratic and autocratic dyads with respect to alliances and power evaluation.
Beck, King and Zeng use neural networks to show two distinct low probability zones, corresponding to high democracy and high autocracy.
Ray similarly disputes the weight of the argument on logical grounds, claiming that statistical analysis on "political similarity" uses a main variable which is an extension of "joint democracy" by linguistic redefinition, and so it is expected that the war reducing effects are carried on in the new analysis. Bennett builds a direct statistical model based on a triadic classification of states into "democratic", "autocratic" and "mixed".
He concludes that autocratic peace exists, but democratic peace is clearly stronger. However, he finds no relevant pacifying effect of political similarity, except at the extremes of the scale. To summarize a rather complex picture, there are no less than four possible stances on the value of this criticism:. The capitalist peace, or capitalist peace theory, posits that according to a given criteria for economic development capitalism , developed economies have not engaged in war with each other, and rarely enter into low-level disputes.
These theories have been proposed as an explanation for the democratic peace by accounting for both democracy and the peace among democratic nations. The exact nature of the causality depends upon both the proposed variable and the measure of the indicator for the concept used. A majority of researchers on the determinants of democracy agree that economic development is a primary factor which allows the formation of a stable and healthy democracy Hegre, ; Weede, Thus, some researchers have argued that economic development also plays a factor in the establishment of peace.
Mousseau argues that a culture of contracting in advanced market-oriented economies may cause both democracy and peace ; ; ; These studies indicate that democracy, alone, is an unlikely cause of the democratic peace. A low level of market-oriented economic development may hinder development of liberal institutions and values. Hegre and Souva confirmed these expectations. Mousseau finds that democracy is a significant factor only when both democracies have levels of economic development well above the global median. Mousseau observed only neighboring states where poor countries actually can fight each other.
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He argues that it is not likely that the results can be explained by trade: Because developed states have large economies, they do not have high levels of trade interdependence In fact, the correlation of developed democracy with trade interdependence is a scant 0. Both World Wars were fought between countries which can be considered economically developed. Hegre finds that democracy is correlated with civil peace only for developed countries, and for countries with high levels of literacy.
Conversely, the risk of civil war decreases with development only for democratic countries. Gartzke argues that economic freedom a quite different concept from Mousseau's market norms or financial dependence explains the developed democratic peace, and these countries may be weak on these dimensions too.
Several studies find that democracy, more trade causing greater economic interdependence , and membership in more intergovernmental organizations reduce the risk of war. This is often called the Kantian peace theory since it is similar to Kant's earlier theory about a perpetual peace; it is often also called "liberal peace" theory, especially when one focuses on the effects of trade and democracy. The theory that free trade can cause peace is quite old and referred to as Cobdenism. Many researchers agree that these variables positively affect each other but each has a separate pacifying effect.
For example, in countries exchanging a substantial amount of trade, economic interest groups may exist that oppose a reciprocal disruptive war, but in democracy such groups may have more power, and the political leaders be more likely to accept their requests. Weede argues that the pacifying effect of free trade and economic interdependence may be more important than that of democracy, because the former affects peace both directly and indirectly, by producing economic development and ultimately, democracy.
Weede also lists some other authors supporting this view. None of the authors listed argues that free trade alone causes peace. Even so, the issue of whether free trade or democracy is more important in maintaining peace may have potentially significant practical consequences, for example on evaluating the effectiveness of applying economic sanctions and restrictions to autocratic countries.
It was Michael Doyle , who reintroduced Kant's three articles into democratic peace theory. He argued that a pacific union of liberal states has been growing for the past two centuries. He denies that a pair of states will be peaceful simply because they are both liberal democracies; if that were enough, liberal states would not be aggressive towards weak non-liberal states as the history of American relations with Mexico shows they are.
Rather, liberal democracy is a necessary condition for international organization and hospitality which are Kant's other two articles —and all three are sufficient to produce peace. Other Kantians have not repeated Doyle's argument that all three in the triad must be present, instead stating that all three reduce the risk of war.
Immanuel Wallerstein has argued that it is the global capitalist system that creates shared interests among the dominant parties, thus inhibiting potentially harmful belligerence. Satana , p. Negri and Hardt take a similar stance, arguing that the intertwined network of interests in the global capitalism leads to the decline of individual nation states , and the rise of a global Empire which has no outside, and no external enemies. As a result, they write, "The era of imperialist, interimperialist, and anti-imperialist wars is over. Every imperial war is a civil war, a police action. Examples of factors controlled for are geographic distance, geographic contiguity, power status, alliance ties, militarization, economic wealth and economic growth, power ratio, and political stability.
These studies have often found very different results depending on methodology and included variables, which has caused criticism. It should be noted that DPT does not state democracy is the only thing affecting the risk of military conflict. Many of the mentioned studies have found that other factors are also important. However, a common thread in most results is an emphasis on the relationship between democracy and peace.
Several studies have also controlled for the possibility of reverse causality from peace to democracy. So they argue that disputes between democratizing or democratic states should be resolved externally at a very early stage, in order to stabilize the system. Another study Reiter finds that peace does not spread democracy, but spreading democracy is likely to spread peace.
A different kind of reverse causation lies in the suggestion that impending war could destroy or decrease democracy, because the preparation for war might include political restrictions, which may be the cause for the findings of democratic peace. So, they find this explanation unlikely. Note also that this explanation would predict a monadic effect, although weaker than the dyadic one [ dubious — discuss ]. Weart argues that the peacefulness appears and disappears rapidly when democracy appears and disappears.
This in his view makes it unlikely that variables that change more slowly are the explanation. Weart, however, has been criticized for not offering any quantitative analysis supporting his claims Ray, Wars tend very strongly to be between neighboring states. Gleditsch showed that the average distance between democracies is about miles, the same as the average distance between all states. He believes that the effect of distance in preventing war, modified by the democratic peace, explains the incidence of war as fully as it can be explained.
Supporters of realism in international relations in general argue that not democracy or its absence, but considerations and evaluations of power, cause peace or war. Specifically, many realist critics claim that the effect ascribed to democratic, or liberal, peace, is in fact due to alliance ties between democratic states which in turn are caused, one way or another, by realist factors.
For example, Farber and Gowa find evidence for peace between democracies to be statistically significant only in the period from on, and consider such peace an artifact of the Cold War , when the threat from the communist states forced democracies to ally with one another. Mearsheimer offers a similar analysis of the Anglo-American peace before , caused by the German threat. Spiro finds several instances of wars between democracies, arguing that evidence in favor of the theory might be not so vast as other authors report, and claims that the remaining evidence consists of peace between allied states with shared objectives.
He acknowledges that democratic states might have a somewhat greater tendency to ally with one another, and regards this as the only real effect of democratic peace. Rosato argues that most of the significant evidence for democratic peace has been observed after World War II; and that it has happened within a broad alliance, which can be identified with NATO and its satellite nations, imposed and maintained by American dominance see Pax Americana. One of the main points in Rosato's argument is that, although never engaged in open war with another liberal democracy during the Cold War, the United States intervened openly or covertly in the political affairs of democratic states several times, for example in the Chilean coup of , the coup in Iran and coup in Guatemala ; in Rosato's view, these interventions show the United States' determination to maintain an "imperial peace".
Regarding specific issues, Ray objects that explanations based on the Cold War should predict that the Communist bloc would be at peace within itself also, but exceptions include the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan , the Cambodian-Vietnamese War , and the Sino-Vietnamese War. Ray also argues that the external threat did not prevent conflicts in the Western bloc when at least one of the involved states was a nondemocracy, such as the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus against Greek Junta supported Cypriot Greeks , the Falklands War , and the Football War.
Some realist authors also criticize in detail the explanations first by supporters of democratic peace, pointing to supposed inconsistencies or weaknesses. Rosato criticizes most explanations to how democracy might cause peace. Arguments based on normative constraints, he argues, are not consistent with the fact that democracies do go to war no less than other states, thus violating norms preventing war; for the same reason he refutes arguments based on the importance of public opinion.
Regarding explanations based on greater accountability of leaders, he finds that historically autocratic leaders have been removed or punished more often than democratic leaders when they get involved in costly wars. Finally, he also criticizes the arguments that democracies treat each other with trust and respect even during crises; and that democracy might be slow to mobilize its composite and diverse groups and opinions, hindering the start of a war, drawing support from other authors.
Another realist, Layne , analyzes the crises and brinkmanship that took place between non-allied democratic great powers, during the relatively brief period when such existed. He finds no evidence either of institutional or cultural constraints against war; indeed, there was popular sentiment in favor of war on both sides. Instead, in all cases, one side concluded that it could not afford to risk that war at that time, and made the necessary concessions.
Rosato's objections have been criticized for claimed logical and methodological errors, and for being contradicted by existing statistical research Kinsella Russett replies to Layne by re-examining some of the crises studied in his article, and reaching different conclusions; Russett argues that perceptions of democracy prevented escalation, or played a major role in doing so.
Finally, both the realist criticisms here described ignore new possible explanations, like the game-theoretic one discussed below. A different kind of realist criticism see Jervis for a discussion stresses the role of nuclear weapons in maintaining peace. In realist terms, this means that, in the case of disputes between nuclear powers, respective evaluation of power might be irrelevant because of Mutual assured destruction preventing both sides from foreseeing what could be reasonably called a "victory".
Some supporters of the democratic peace do not deny that realist factors are also important Russett Research supporting the theory has also shown that factors such as alliance ties and major power status influence interstate conflict behavior Ray The democratic peace theory has been extremely divisive among political scientists. It is rooted in the idealist and classical liberalist traditions and is opposed to the previously dominant theory of realism.
However, democratic peace theory has come to be more widely accepted and has in some democracies effected policy change. In the United States, presidents from both major parties have expressed support for the theory. Democracies don't attack each other. Bush , a member of the Republican Party , said: And the reason why is the people of most societies don't like war, and they understand what war means I've got great faith in democracies to promote peace.
And that's why I'm such a strong believer that the way forward in the Middle East, the broader Middle East, is to promote democracy. But it is also sensible for strategic reasons. Free societies tend not to fight one another or to be bad neighbours. Some fear that the democratic peace theory may be used to justify wars against nondemocracies in order to bring lasting peace, in a democratic crusade Chan , p.
Woodrow Wilson in asked Congress to declare war against Imperial Germany, citing Germany's sinking of American ships due to unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann telegram , but also stating that "A steadfast concert for peace can never be maintained except by a partnership of democratic nations" and "The world must be made safe for democracy.
Rummel is a notable proponent of war for the purpose of spreading democracy, based on this theory. Some point out that the democratic peace theory has been used to justify the Iraq War , others argue that this justification was used only after the war had already started Russett Furthermore, Weede has argued that the justification is extremely weak, because forcibly democratizing a country completely surrounded by non-democracies, most of which are full autocracies, as Iraq was, is at least as likely to increase the risk of war as it is to decrease it some studies show that dyads formed by one democracy and one autocracy are the most warlike, and several find that the risk of war is greatly increased in democratizing countries surrounded by nondemocracies.
Also, research shows that attempts to create democracies by using external force has often failed. Gleditsch, Christiansen and Hegre argue that forced democratization by interventionism may initially have partial success, but often create an unstable democratizing country, which can have dangerous consequences in the long run. Those attempts which had a permanent and stable success, like democratization in Austria , West Germany and Japan after World War II , mostly involved countries which had an advanced economic and social structure already, and implied a drastic change of the whole political culture.
Supporting internal democratic movements and using diplomacy may be far more successful and less costly. Thus, the theory and related research, if they were correctly understood, may actually be an argument against a democratic crusade Weart , Owen , Russett Michael Haas has written perhaps the most trenchant critique of a hidden normative agenda Haas Among the points raised: Due to sampling manipulation, the research creates the impression that democracies can justifiably fight nondemocracies, snuff out budding democracies, or even impose democracy.
And due to sloppy definitions, there is no concern that democracies continue undemocratic practices yet remain in the sample as if pristine democracies. This criticism is confirmed by David Keen who finds that almost all historical attempts to impose democracy by violent means have failed. According to Azar Gat's War in Human Civilization , there are several related and independent factors that contribute to democratic societies being more peaceful than other forms of governments: There is significant debate over whether the lack of any major European general wars since , is due to cooperation and integration of liberal-democratic European states themselves as in the European Union or Franco-German cooperation , an enforced peace due to intervention of the Soviet Union and the United States until and the United States alone thereafter, [47] or a combination of both.
The debate over this theory was thrust in the public eye, when the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the European Union, for its role in creating peace in Europe. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting.
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American Political Science Review. Beck, Nathaniel; Jackman, Simon American Journal of Political Science. General Law or Limited Phenomenon? Link failed 22 January Braumoeller, Bear F Conditions Affecting the Likelihood of Interstate War, —". The Journal of Conflict Resolution. Date and year link Bremer, Stuart A. Lynn-Jones, and Steven E. Debating the Democratic Peace. An Introduction to Theories of International Conflict 2nd ed. Cederman, Lars-Erik 1 March Date and year link Chan, Steve Mershon International studies review.
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Gleditsch, Nils P Archived from the original PDF on September 27, The Elusive Democratic Peace. Deconstructing the 'Democratic Peace': How a Research Agenda Boomeranged. Hardt, Michael and Negri, Antonio. Archived from the original PDF on March 22, European Journal of International Relations.
What does it Take to Be a Trading State? Archived from the original PDF on July 20, Opportunity, Grievance, and Civil War —". Archived from the original on April 6, Democracy and War, the End of an Illusion?
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Archived from the original PDF on May 13, Democratization and Military Intervention". Use of Military Intervention to Promote Democracy: Some Correlates and Potential Consequences". The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs. Archived from the original PDF on March 19, Archived from the original PDF on Retrieved December 10, Hidden Functions of the War on Terror. Democracy and the International Rule of Law: Propositions for an Alternative World Order. Lagazio, Monica; Russett, Bruce Temporal Stability and Causal Complexity". The Scourge of War: University of Michigan Press.
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Maoz, Zeev Summer Rearguard Action or Cracks in the Wall? Date and year link Mearsheimer, John J. Instability in Europe after the Cold War". Date and year link Mousseau, Michael Interdisciplinary Theory and Evidence". Market Civilization and the Democratic Peace". Conflict Management and Peace Science. Mousseau, Michael; Shi, Yuhand Archived from the original PDF on June 25, She also offers insights about the changing landscape of literary publishing.
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SMU to Cali students: The Story of a Dragging in Jasper, Texas", as a guest speaker to one of his classes. Congress morphing against compromise - Cal Jillson, political science professor at SMU's Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, talks about how the anti-compromise trend is changing Congress. Super Fighters - SMU biochemists are using a supercomputer to screen millions of drug compounds in fighting cancer. Dedman College grad student receives Fulbright Grant - Megan Bond Hinrichsen, an SMU Dedman College graduate student in anthropology, has been awarded a prestigious Fulbright Grant to conduct research in South America at the academic intersection of medical anthropology, globalization and development.
Recent graduate Saira Husain receives Laura W. She will go to Pakistan during winter break to conducted research on the health of Afghani refugee children in Peshawar. Senate candidates scrapping about who is the most conservative. Bush's recent visit to the White House amidst an awkward political climate. Art of remembrance - Rick Halperin, director of the Embrey Human Rights program at SMU's Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, talks about a recent exhibition of student art work that featured themes of "global human struggle for tolerance and dignity. Tsutsui is an official with the U.
Mentoring Students - Prof. Maria Minniti and student Kalindi Dinoffer are delving into what best promotes female entrepreneurship. Honoring Excellence - SMU annually honors teaching and research excellence by members of its faculty. SMU Update - While SMU is relieved that the situation involving a man occupying a crane at the Residential Commons site is resolved and that the threat of danger has passed, we are saddened by the loss of life that occurred. Campus Alert - Throughout the situation May 28 involving a man occupying a construction crane at the Residential Commons construction site, SMU Police have worked closely with University Park, Highland Park and Dallas Police to assess any possible threats to campus and to release reliable information as it becomes available.
Helping young immigrants - Students from SMU's Dedman School of Law assist in immigration hearings with the cases of young legal immigrants. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice as its highly memorable 97th Commencement speaker. Researching a new religion in Brazil - SMU Religious Studies Professor William Barnard writes about his research of the Santo Daime tradition, a relatively new Brazilian religion that draws upon folk Catholicism, West African religions, the Kardecist Spiritist tradition, neo-esoteric modes of discourse, and indigenous "vegetalista" practices and assumptions.
Condoleezza Rice at Commencement - Former U. Gerald Turner announced that Director of Athletics Steve Orsini has been dismissed effective immediately. New district attracts political suitors - Cal Jillson, political science professor at SMU's Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, about the primary battle in a newly drawn Congressional district in Texas.
Rowers video outdoes Harvard - In the video battle of the sports teams, the SMU rowers have the last word. SMU Commencement speech by former U. What a jewel - SMU first-year Taylor Miller celebrates the year anniversary of her jewelry business. Commencement Day - Former U. Commencement Day tweets - Follow the tweets on Commencement Day. Perkins student sees miracles amid adversity - Ella Luna has known she wanted to work in the church since she was an eight-year-old growing up in Austin. Research and outreach - Anne Lincoln, sociologist at SMU's Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, collaborates on a study that found scientists experienced barriers to outreach, and felt pressure to keep research as top priority.
Obama and the gay marriage flap - Cal Jillson, political science professor at SMU's Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, about Obama's campaign after personally endorsing gay marriage. Day's suspended sculptures - Three suspended sculptural works by noted New York artist E. See related slide show. Is education an ethical responsibility? But before he heads back to training camp, he has to meet an important commitment — he is receiving his Master of Liberal Arts degree and presenting the Commencement address to fellow graduates of Annette Caldwell Simmons School of Education and Human Development.
Research in Guatemala - Student blogger Kimberly Mendoza goes to Guatemala to research Mayan health-related traditions. Engel, an award-winning American history scholar, has been selected as the new director of Presidential History Projects and associate professor of Presidential Studies at SMU.
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Oprah and Deepak good for religion? Ecofeminism and the Maquiladora Murders," was one of seven presentations in the SMU's Migration Matters series, which examined important border-related issues. Challenging a political institution - Cal Jillson, political science professor at SMU's Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, on running against a well-entrenched political candidate. Senate hopeful Ted Cruz's controversial representation of a Chinese company.
Age is just a state of mind for this graduate - What happens to a bright child who skips kindergarten, second and fourth grade? Adriana Martinez to keep D. What most do not realize is the important work the soon-to-be graduate has done with the U. Department of Justice that will continue to help save the lives of many children in Mexico.
How to be a cultured Mom - SMU English Professor, which help from her faculty, talks about 10 classic novels you've never read. Citation for honorary degree being presented to Nancy Cartwright - Text of the citation for the honorary degree that will be presented by SMU to science philosopher Nancy Cartwright during formal ceremonies on May 12, Citation for honorary degree being presented to Condoleezza Rice - Text of the citation for the honorary degree that will be presented by SMU to former U.
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice on May 12, Rich at expense of poor? Leading in education - The U. Where legal phrases come from - Feature story about the book "Lawtalk: Modern Mexican Art - Meadows Museum to exhibit one of the world's greatest collections of modern Mexican art. Ron Wetherington examines textbook battles over evolution. Gerald Turner was inducted into the Junior Achievement Business Hall of Fame on April 21, , an honor recognizing community leadership, personal integrity and innovation.
Following are his remarks at the induction ceremony. Link between murdered women and environmental ruin - The ongoing murders of countless women at the U. Bush visiting the Amarillo area in the same week. Saturday and Sunday at Fair Park. Founders Day honors past, looks to future - Mixing family fun with tributes to SMU's founding, faculty presentations and plans for the future.
John Ward, who recently retired from the Eastern District of Texas. Brownsville adopts Infinity Project - The Brownsville Independent School District is launching a STEM Infinity Project magnet program for middle schools to help students get an early start on careers in science, technology, engineering and math. Tax gap 'widening' between states - Michael Cox, director of the William J. Penney might affect the North Texas economy. Funds raised will benefit the American Cancer Society.
Fondren Library hosts 'Titanic: The exhibit runs through April JetBlue pilot's defense strategy - Jeffrey Bellin, law professor at SMU's Dedman School of Law, talks about mental competency relative to charges filed against the Jet Blue airline pilot who recently had an inflight mental breakdown. Dewhurst ad, truths and myths - Robert Lawson, the Jerome M. What if Texas were independent Texas? Kelly Kraft goes pro - SMU alumnus Kelly Kraft announces plans to go professional after participating as an amateur at the Masters tournament.
Healthcare mandate constitutionally viable? Cox launches new blog - SMU's Cox School of Business executive education program launches new blog focusing on management and leadership trends. Too much God talk? Bush's invisibility in GOP primary campaigns. Service develops values - SMU student Raven Sanders, a senior electrical engineering and audio interdisciplinary studies double major, says participating in Houston-based youth charity golf program brought out her gregarious side and helped reveal her career interests. Karl Kilinski II endows chair in Dept. Albums presented to the National Archives.
Boys and E-Readers - An SMU study finds that middle school boys rated reading more valuable after two months of using an e-reader. Is the GOP battle to pick a presidential contender over? Tuesday, April 10, in the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center at Flora St. Boys liked e-readers, girls books - Dara Williams-Rossi, lecturer and director of undergraduate programs at SMU's Annette Caldwell Simmons School of Education and Human Development, conducted a study finding that, when it came to reading, middle-school boys valued reading more after using e-readers while girls preferred actual books.
Commencement Speaker - Former U. Should church and politics be separate? Students rally for slain teen - Related Southern Methodist University students wore hooded sweatshirts and rallied for justice Monday in the shooting death of Florida teen Trayvon Martin. Life of Service - Prominent businessman and public servant Walter J.
Humann will receive SMU's J. Erik Jonsson Ethics Award. Subsidy or tax break? Curran talks about how ancient spiritual beliefs in Mexico clash with the traditional Catholicism advocated by the Pope. Boomeranging home - SMU first years talk about moving back home after college. Women scientists lose out - A study by Anne Lincoln, sociologist at SMU's Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, found discrimination against women in the fields of science, technology, engineering and math, including recognition for their research and achievements.
Voting laws observed - Cal Jillson, political scientist at SMU's Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, talks about a local candidates request for federal monitors to observe the city council election. Political candidate religion fair game? Sunbelt Prisons - Clements Center symposium examines the meaning of the racially disproportionate rates of incarceration.
LitFest - SMU's annual Literary Festival features readings by prize-winning authors, receptions and book signings. Lyle School of Engineering, participates in a recent event highlighting science, technology, engineering and math education.
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Are mobile apps invasive? Spring Dance Concert set for Mar. Gas prices going up up up - Bruce Bullock, director of SMU's Maguire Energy Institute, talks about the differing prices of gasoline and the best times to fill up your tank. First ladies conference - The George W. Alternative Breaks - Alternative Breaks marked 25 years with trips focused on civil rights, human rights and cultural enlightment.
Earth or man, who serves? Senate hopefuls and the delayed Texas GOP primary. A Decade in Motion. Bridge a new icon? IRS kicking Tea Party? Among Breitbart's last tweets - Lamar White Jr. Politics and religion au courant - Matthew Wilson, politcal science professor at SMU's Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, talks about politics and religion as old bedfellows. Protestant support for Catholics? Fossil fuels remain - Bernard Weinstein, economist and associate director of the Maguire Energy Institute at SMU's Cox School of Business, talks says the fossil fuels industry thrives in spite of obstacles.
Alliance on child punishment formed - SMU psychologist George Holden and a group of colleagues from around the nation are on a mission to help children. Formal ceremony set for May Corporate tax proposal for real? What's holding back the economy? When shepherd and flock disagree - William Lawrence, dean and professor at SMU's Perkins School of Theology, and Matthew Wilson, political science professor, talk about what happens when the beliefs of religious leaders and their followers don't coincide.
College-bound students lack skills - Rick Worland, film and media professor at SMU's Meadows School of the Arts, talks about strengths and weaknesses in college-bound students. Texas exports most energy goods - Bernard Weinstein, economist and associate director of the Maguire Energy Institute at SMU's Cox School of Business, talks about Texas as a large exporter of petrochemicals and refined products. Mild winter means cheap natural gas - Bernard Weinstein, economist and associated director of the Maguire Energy Institute at SMU's Cox School of Business, says the mild winter means natural gas prices are as low as they have been in years.