In most cases local computing support services should be able to assist in the specification and acquisition of computing facilities. Remember that to use your LT materials students will probably also need, or at least want, access to other peripheral equipment, especially printers and increasingly CD drives. The physical provision of this equipment may only be part of the problem.
Practical implementation issues
For example, the running costs of unregulated printer usage can be significant, therefore it may be necessary to invest in the equipment needed to collect funds from users. If resources are already available in an appropriate computer lab it is worth checking that you can book the room at the times when you want to teach your students and that students will be able to get enough access to the labs outside of formal class time when it will be required.
This normally means planning ahead, particularly in situations where computer labs are in high demand. Some institutions have long lead times for timetabling of computer facilities and the need to integrate computer lab bookings with bookings for lecture theatres or other teaching facilities may complicate matters even more. If there isn't an appropriate lab available you may have to start bidding for additional resources either through departmental or other institutional channels.
- O Chaplain! My Chaplain! Man of Service: Conversation, Prayer and Meditation with the Last Living D-Day Chaplain of Omaha Beach.
- Precemur omnes cernui - Score.
- Implementing Learning Technology;
This may entail the preparation of proposal documents, including the development of a rationale and the specification of requirements and costings. It may be necessary to "lobby" particular individuals within the institution to get them to support your application for additional resources.
Time delays can often be experienced in getting bids accepted and also in seeing these through to the purchase large capital bids will usually have to go out to tender which will add to the delays and setting up of labs, so planning ahead is essential. Many computer labs are run on an open or drop-in basis and booking rooms for teaching may not exclude others from using spare machines.
Buy for others
In some cases this may be acceptable but if you wish to discuss learning materials with the students and hold their attention the presence of other students may make this more difficult. Clear instructions on access to computer labs should be provided to students. They need to know how, when and where they can make individual bookings. Out of hours access may also be required and security of the computing equipment may be an issue if the lab is unsupervised. Students will probably need to "sign in" if using the facilities out of hours for reasons of safety.
Consider how you, or whoever manages lab usage, is going to deal with the demand that will arise from your students, bearing in mind that they are all likely to leave their work to the last minute and then complain that there is not enough lab time. Will you attempt to ration students' usage? Is your booking system adequate to cope with students who attempt to "cheat" - booking excessively, not turning up to booked sessions?
To a large extent these problems become less so if you set out the rules in advance and get the students to help you to police booking system abuses. Even if you don't have any influence over the design of computer labs you may have a choice of facilities and lab design can be an important issue in implementations. The factors to consider depend on the mode in which you intend to use the LT materials; basically are you expecting the students to be supervised or taught in the class or are students working on material independently.
Often a mixture of these modes are appropriate for different stages in students' use, hence it may be appropriate to use different labs for different sessions. One way to achieve this is to provide sufficient space for the lecturer or supervisor to walk behind students while they are working on the computers. Some labs are designed with the screens embedded into the desktops at an angle which can be conveniently viewed by both the student and the lecturer. Other labs are being designed so that the lecturer can interact with the students via a console at the front of the class, similar to the way in which lecturers in language laboratories interact with their students.
Laboratories can also incorporate a feature which enables either one computer display usually the one the lecturer has access to or any computer display including the lecturers' to be switched to a connection to an overhead viewer so enabling the whole class to view that particular display. This facility is advantageous when trying to demonstrate a particular point to the whole class.
For independent student usage many of these considerations are less important. However, in all circumstances it is important that labs are designed with enough desk space to allow, even encourage, students to take notes and to consult any documentation that they need to use the courseware. This is often a problem where labs have been designed to fit as many machines as possible into a small space. If you are expecting students to use LT materials on group based projects or exercises expect them to want to use machines together or to cluster together around one computer.
Is there enough space in your labs to allow this and are there enough seats? Within most HEI's only a small proportion of the teaching rooms will be equipped to demonstrate LT materials or to use computer based presentation tools. The problems will however be greater if you need a live network connection. Additional difficulties will arise if you intend to support student access to LT materials from computers at remote sites e. These issues are likely to require specialist technical support and pre-planning, probably on a an institutional basis.
Using the script's rules, the sentence is then "dismantled" and arranged into sections of the component parts as the "decomposition rule for the highest ranking keyword" dictates. The example that Weizenbaum gives is the input "I are very helpful" remembering that "I" is "You" transformed , which is broken into 1 empty 2 I 3 are 4 very helpful.
The decomposition rule has broken the phrase into four small segments, that contain both the keywords and the information in the sentence. The decomposition rule then designates a particular reassembly rule, or set of reassembly rules, to follow when reconstructing the sentence.
The reassembly rule then takes the fragments of the input that the decomposition rule had created, rearranges them, and adds in programmed words to create a response. Using Weizenbaum's example previously stated, such a reassembly rule would take the fragments and apply them to the phrase "What makes you think I am 4 " which would result in "What makes you think I am very helpful".
This example is rather simple, since depending upon the disassembly rule, the output could be significantly more complex and use more of the input from the user.
Navigation menu
However, from this reassembly, ELIZA then sends the constructed sentence to the user in the form of text on the screen. One Weizenbaum specifically wrote about was when there is not a keyword.
- ELIZA - Wikipedia.
- Youth Theatre Safety (The Youth Theatre Directors Handbook Book 7)!
- Last Orders: A gripping and twisty suspense thriller youll find impossible to put down (Gus Dury).
- Practical implementation issues.
- Product details?
- theranchhands.com: Computers and Writing: Issues and Implementations eBook: M. Sharples: Kindle Store;
While these functions were all framed in ELIZA's programming, the exact manner by which the program dismantled, examined, and reassembled inputs is determined by the operating script. However, the script is not static, and can be edited, or a new one created, as is necessary for the operation in the context needed thus how ELIZA can "learn" new information. This also allows the program to be applied in multiple situations, including the well-known DOCTOR script, which simulates a Rogerian psychotherapist, but also a script called "STUDENT", which is capable of taking in logical analysis parameters and using it to give the answers to problems of related logic.
Another version of Eliza popular among software engineers is the version that comes with the default release of GNU Emacs , and which can be accessed by typing M -x doctor from most modern emacs implementations. ELIZA influenced a number of early computer games by demonstrating additional kinds of interface designs. The game Deus Ex: Human Revolution features an artificial intelligence news anchor named Eliza Cassan. From Judgment to Calculation , in which he explains the limits of computers, as he wants to make clear in people's minds his opinion that the anthropomorphic views of computers are just a reduction of the human being and any life form for that matter.
The Israeli poet David Avidan , who was fascinated with future technologies and their relation to art, desired to explore the use of computers for writing literature. In the foreword he presented it as a form of constrained writing.
In a company called "Don't Ask Software" created a version called " Abuse " for the Apple II , Atari , and Commodore 64 computers, which verbally abused the user based on the user's input. The conference brought together a wide variety of people interested in most aspects of computers and the writing process including, computers and writing education, computer supported fiction, computers and technical writing, evaluation of computer-based writing, and hypertext.
Fifteen papers were selected from the twenty-five delivered at the conference. The authors were asked to develop them into articles, incorporating any insights they had gained from their conference presentations. This book offers a survey of the wide area of Computers and Writing, and describes current work in the design and use of computer-based tools for writing.
University of Sussex M. October, Note from Publisher This collection of articles is being published simultaneously as a special issue, Volume 21 , of Instructional Science - An International Journal of Learning and Cognition.
Read more Read less. Kindle Cloud Reader Read instantly in your browser. Product details File Size: March 11, Sold by: Share your thoughts with other customers. Write a customer review. Amazon Giveaway allows you to run promotional giveaways in order to create buzz, reward your audience, and attract new followers and customers.