São Miguel Island
The site might have been fine, but the building was not. Its fragile construction led to its disappearance within a very few years. Undaunted, in the Franciscan priest built the Chapel of San Miguel Archangel at the site now know as San Miguel el Viejo, about a mile from today's centro. Here he celebrated the first Christian ceremony in the region. The real history of San Miguel de Allende is usually dated from that event. He was also to teach them European farming and weaving techniques. About this same time, vast veins of silver were discovered at Zacatecas, and heavily loaded mule caravans were soon streaming south, carrying this river of silver to the capital.
In , a group of Chichimecas took issue with this invasion of their territory and attacked the village of San Miguel de los Chichimecas San Miguel el Viejo. Popular legend says it was actually a thirsty dog that discovered the spring, but Bernardo obviously knew a good thing when he saw it. The site was safer, healthier, and certainly wetter. And so here he began to rebuild the town. The town quickly grew fat and sassy as both Spaniards and indigenous peoples moved up from the south to populate the rich land.
The Forge of Independence In , the prominent Allende family added a member, a son they named Ignacio hmmm With his birth and life, the history of San Miguel de Allende was destined to make it into textbooks throughout Mexico.
In , he became an officer in the Queen's Dragoons, but it's likely he'd already been infected with the fire of independence. On September 16, , the Mexican War of Independence began, with Allende as one of its chief lieutenants.
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He led the rebels to several military victories and got himself named a hero, but he was captured by the Spanish and beheaded before the war was over. In , in honor of this heroic favorite son, San Miguel was given the name we still use today and christened La Fragua de Independencia, the Forge of Independence. Modern Times in San Miguel Fast forward a hundred years.
As modernity began to creep in, the city fathers saw the wisdom of protecting what they had. The town became popular as a hang-out for Mexican movie stars, famous for its nearby hot springs and its pure air and colonial charm. In , the most prominent American to ever live in San Miguel de Allende arrived. Stirling Dickinson rode into town on a donkey from the bus station on a sunny February day. According to a biography by John Virtue, he looked up at the Parroquia and said "My God, what a sight!
I'm going to stay here. GIs, who realized their GI benefit checks would stretch a lot farther in Mexico than back home. And San Miguel was the perfect place for many to heal from the horrors—both physical and psychic—of the war. Following the Liberal Wars, the period of Devourism allowed the economy to flourish, and the port of Ponta Delgada expanded, through the export of new crops such as tea , pineapple , and tobacco. The development of the fishing industry, cultivation of food staples and expansion of the dairy industry permitted the growth of many of the population centres on the island.
Following the Carnation Revolution , the island received the seat of the Presidency of the Autonomous Region of the Azores , located in Ponta Delgada, while its economic, social and political importance continued to grow within the archipelago.
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In the ancient crater of Furnas the faults are aligned west-northwest to east-southeast. The Sete Cidades Massif — an area that occupies the extreme western part of the island, and corresponds to a central volcanic crater and lake-filled caldera , with various cones, deposits of pumice , lava domes and maars.
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In the northeastern flank of this volcano the Mosteiros Graben , a tectonic structure created from the collapse of lands and located along a northwest to southeast orientation. On the northeastern flank of the Massif the Ribeira Grande Graben is visible, representing a tectonic depression oriented northwest to southeast; The Achada das Furnas Plateau - a region with a central plain marked by cones and maars, with deposits along a west-northwest to east-southeast and northwest to southeast; Furnas Volcano - located in the eastern part of the island, along the southern coast, and comprising two ancient calderas, occupied by a lake Lagoa das Furnas.
From west to east these zones are: These geomorphological structures have resulted from millions of years of compound growth that began in the eastern portion of the island; around 4 million years ago the Nordeste Volcano burst from the ocean floor in effusive and fissural eruptions.
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The first phase, composed of the older materials, erupted from lava flows and Trachyte pyroclasts, the secondary phase corresponded to volcanic products that began erupting , years ago. These latter deposits included pyroclastic, trachyte flows lava and surges , mud flows and a mixture of basalts. In what would become the western portion of the island a fourth volcano formed: These eruptions were explosive and fed by activities in the neighboring volcanic systems. This formation integrated lavas, basaltic pyroclasts, tuff cones and trachyte domes into two layers referred to as the Ponta Delgada and Penhal da Paz sub-depoists and compiled to about 5, years ago.
They are primarily made up of basaltic cones which were formed during Strombolian and Hawaiian-style eruptions. This is the part of the island with most recent volcanic activity.
The youngest volcanoes are relatively well dated. It is estimated [ by whom? Several eruptions have been witnessed and recorded by people. The last one took place in the 17th century. The ancient laurisilva forest has mostly been replaced by cultivated fields and imported trees and plants, such as the ubiquitous cryptomeria trees. Lying at the eastern end of the island, it is the focus of a Special Protection Area containing the largest remnant of laurisilva forest on the island, which is home to the endemic and critically endangered bird, the Azores bullfinch.
One may see sea turtles , dolphins and humpback whales. The island's location also makes it susceptible to many Atlantic storms, and precipitation tends to be elevated during the winter periods. Owing to the predominance of volcanic cones and craters in the interior, human settlement has developed primarily along coastal and interior plains.
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Regardless, these settlements were largely agrarian and concentrated around the parish churches and the many fertile parcels of land. The communities were largely isolated throughout the year, owing to the great distances and rough landscape of the island, and only became integrated with the development of the many road networks that circle and bisect the island.
Two cities have developed, largely because the island was divided by mountainous volcanic cones in the interior: Ponta Delgada and Ribeira Grande. Administratively, the island is governed by five municipalities, with Ponta Delgada and Ribeira Grande having more administrative functions associated with their larger populations:. Local government is administered at the local level by the civil parish Portuguese: Based on the historical ecclesiastical limits established after settlement, the civil parishes are run by a president, treasurer and secretary at the head of a parish council.
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