Renata De Lorenzo Milano: Franco Angeli , Estimating forests: Donzelli , Mountains: Natural landscape and legal landscape. Per una storia ambientale di Napoli fra e ed. ESI , Partenope does not live here anymore. The sea and the city in a historical perspective.
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Giuseppe Civile and Giulio Machetti Napoli: Dante e Descartes , Natural processes. Social and environmental conflicts between the 19th and 20th centuries. Antonio Calafati and Ercole Sori Milano: Franco Angeli , Associations and Apennines. Some interpretations of Southern Italian mountains in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Polistampa , The use of wood and wastelands. An interdisciplinary history of Italian woods: Alpi e Appennini dal Settecento al Duemila ed. Franco Angeli , Woods and revolutions in Southern Italy: Donzelli , Padron Ntoni's Italy. Fishermen, legislators, and bureaucrats in the 19th and 20th centuries. International Studies on Socioeconomic and Forest eds.
Mauro Agnoletti and Steve Anderson Wallingford: Piero Bevilacqua and Gabriella Corona Roma: Donzelli , The invisible resource. Fishermen, the state and communities in the19th cent. Massimo Costantini and Costantino Felice Torino: Einaudi A natural resource: Liguori , Out of the family: The underage duke and his tutor. How an aristocratic family passed through the agrarian crisis of the end of 19th century increasing its patrimony 5.
Ambiente e lotte sociali. Storie in movimento Bollettino di storia e ambiente 8: Bollettino di storia e ambiente 1: Walter Prescott Webb's Great Plains. Bollettino di storia e ambiente 0: A historiographical essay on U. A short presentation of my book: Humans and mines in the Abruzzo Region. Who had the right to decide what was and what was not a forest? How have the definitions changed through time? How the administration of a large estate worked in Southern Italy in the second half of nineteenth century 5. De Rosa Nature doi: Bollettino di storia e ambiente Work and Nature in Environmental History.
Nancy Peluso , paper presented at the international conference Common ground, converging gazes. Integrating the social and environmental in history, September, 13th http: Bollettino di storia e ambiente 9: The traditional literary language, they claimed, was the medium of bourgeois hegemony , and a radical change in the language of literature would somehow shake off the oppression of the military-industrial complex and lead to a general social and political liberation.
This does not seem to have happened, and with the passage of time the members of the group dispersed, going off in different individual directions as their concerns became less public and more personal. He first experimented in this direction when he was invited by Federico Fellini to collaborate on the screenplay of Casanova Another isolated experimental poet was polyglot Amelia Rosselli, who was born in Paris and was a resident of London and New York City before living in Rome. A musician who developed a complex metrical theory based on notions derived from musical theory, Rosselli published a volume of poetry in English Sleep [] in addition to her work in Italian.
After her suicide in , the reputation of this troubled poet continued to grow. A remarkable aspect of 20th-century poetry composed in Italy was the proliferation of cultivated poets who rejected what they saw as the pollution, inauthenticity, and debased currency of the national language. They chose to express an up-to-the-minute nonfolkloristic content, not in supraregional standard Italian but in a local dialect, seen as purer or closer to reality. Italy has always had a tradition of dialect poetry. During the 19th century two of the greatest writers of the period of romantic realism, Carlo Porta and Giuseppe Gioachino Belli, made the oppressed common people of Milan and of Rome, respectively, the protagonists of their works.
Actor-playwright Eduardo De Filippo was a prolific author who came into his own after World War II with a series of plays, which included Napoli milionaria! Napoli Milionaria and Filumena Marturano , film ; Eng. Filumena , which, though written in his native Neapolitan dialect, paradoxically achieved international success.
Among the last champions of the primacy of the written theatrical text were Pasolini and the Milanese expressionist Giovanni Testori, an uncompromising extremist who progressed from narrative fiction to the theatre and from subproletarian Neorealism to violent Roman Catholic mysticism. Otherwise, late 20th-century Italian theatre was dominated more by innovative directors and performers than by noteworthy new plays. The feminine condition both contemporary and historical , autobiography, female psychology, and family history and relationships are among the insistent themes of the remarkable number of accomplished women writers active in Italy throughout the 20th century.
Among those whose writing in the late 19th and early 20th centuries laid the groundwork for subsequent women writers were Milanese popular novelist Neera pseudonym of Anna Zuccari ; Neapolitan journalist Matilde Serao , the best of whose 16 social novels is Il paese di cuccagna ; The Land of Cockayne ; humanitarian socialist poet and fiction writer Ada Negri; and anticonformist feminist activist Sibilla Aleramo pseudonym of Rina Faccio , best known for her autobiographical novel Una donna ; A Woman.
Antifascist Natalia Levi wrote under the last name of her husband, the critic Leone Ginzburg, who died in a fascist jail not long after they were married. Her fiction, best exemplified by Lessico famigliare ; Family Sayings , explores the memories of childhood and middle-class family relationships.
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A Childhood in Fascist Italy. In such later novels as Voci ; Voices and Buio ; Darkness she turned to the popular genre of detective fiction to explore the problem of violence against women. In in Rome, Maraini founded the feminist theatre collective La Maddalena, for which she subsequently composed more than 60 plays. The case of Gesualdo Bufalino is not dissimilar to that of Satta. He went on to publish several other novels. A truly postmodern phenomenon is that of Umberto Eco , a University of Bologna professor, philosopher, and semiotician who progressed from analyzing genres and deconstructing texts composed by others to synthesizing and constructing his own.
Their novel Q ; Eng. Q narrates the clash between Roman Catholic and Protestant religious extremists and opportunists in 16th-century Reformation Europe. In novels such as Macno ; Eng. Macno and Yucatan ; Eng.
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His career culminated with the reflections on grief, sickness, and death of Camere separate ; Separate Rooms. Also notable are the short stories and short novels of Antonio Tabucchi —for example, Notturno indiano ; Indian Nocturne and Piccoli equivoci senza importanza ; Little Misunderstandings of No Importance. His Sostiene Pereira ; Pereira Declares: Two of the most disinterested and earnestly reflective of the younger writers were Sebastiano Vassalli and especially Gianni Celati. Vassalli gradually distanced himself from the more radical experimentalism of Gruppo 63 so as to better exploit his gift for storytelling.
La notte della cometa ; The Night of the Comet is a fictionalized biography of the early 20th-century Orphic poet Dino Campana , while in the Strega Prize -winning La chimera ; The Chimera , perhaps taking a cue from historian Carlo Ginzburg as well as from Alessandro Manzoni , he reconstructs a 17th-century witch trial.
The work of antic surrealists Ermanno Cavazzoni and Daniele Benati, who collaborated with Celati on the periodical Il semplice , combines Keaton, Franz Kafka , and echoes of the fantastic world of the romances of Ariosto and Matteo Boiardo and the macaronic parodies written by Teofilo Folengo.
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Crime, seen from the point of view of the perpetrator, the victim, the avenger, or the investigator, formed the backbone of much Italian narrative at the turn of the 21st century. An English and American invention, the genre was, however, not without its classical Italian practitioners. The volumes of abstract theorization subsequently produced by defenders of the new style often reflected the fact that in Italian the loanword pulp does not bring with it the English connotations of the facile, shoddy, and cheap potboiler.
No evidence of innocence exists in the microcosm described by Simona Vinci. Her Dei bambini non si sa niente ; Eng. The novel is set in Bologna , where police inspector Grazia Negro tracks a serial murderer who, chameleon-like, takes on the characteristics of his victims.
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The year came and went without apocalypse. Meanwhile, in Italy a chain—the great chain, so to speak, of the centuries of civilization—had been broken. The sequence of designations for the centuries—Duecento, Trecento, Quattrocento , and so on—that had accompanied and defined the phases of classical Italian culture since its late medieval stirrings reached its terminus with the close of the Novecento, or 20th century.
The first century of the new millennium would have no such convenient and reassuring label. Literary and artistic historians, as they snipped year lengths from the chain and displayed their common characteristics, were always careful to stress the seamless continuity that actually underlay this segmenting and the artificiality of these convenient chronological divisions, which had been introduced, they were at pains to point out, for purely didactic purposes. In the eyes of a number of cultural commentators at the beginning of the 21st century, however, the new millennium promised to give these reassurances the lie.
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There would be no continuity between the 20th and 21st centuries. We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval.
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For example, a conscious Italian literature for young people may be said to have begun in with the Rev. It took more than a century after…. Such an elaborate style appears to be more easily…. More About Italian literature 15 references found in Britannica articles Assorted References academies In academy autobiography In biography: Formal autobiography Bible versions In biblical literature: Criteria comedy In comedy: The moral force of comedy cultural life of Italy In Italy: Literature encyclopaedias In encyclopaedia: Encyclopaedias and politics influence on Chaucer In English literature: