She was a native of Santa Rosa, daughter of a judge, A. Moore, and of his wife Annie E. Born in California on November 25, Now he wanted to sell them. On 28 October, James Durand wrote: If that was so, James may have been her son, and litigation may have become necessary when he wished to be recognized as such. Obrath, 24 and Volker Zenk, 25 I have found two published versions of this text: There are some slight differences between the English and the French versions see Appendixes A and B , printed below on facing pages to facilitate close reading.
And if, as Yeats writes, Durand wished to issue his manifesto to the Latin Quarter, publication in La Plume was the most efficient and also the most elegant way of doing it. During its existence in the years , this journal was the most important organ of the modernist generation of French poets, writers and artists. Not many manifestos have footnotes, but this one does. The footnote he quotes from memory says: This is a partial coincidence. Perhaps out of modesty and humility, virtues which, as the text of the manifesto shows, ranked high in his scale of values.
Or perhaps, after many discussions with Theodosia, Dauthendey, Annie Johansson, and probably others whom we have not been able to identify, he was really convinced that the text was a collective production of a group of artists. Or wished it to seem as such. Henry James, who thought himself the first to write extendedly about Brook Farm, writes in his biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne: By tilling the field in the morning and painting, sculpting or writing poetry in the afternoon, or vice versa, the artist in the projected colony seeks to abolish, in a way, the division of labor dominant in modern society, and hence, the alienation of man.
This was the theory. The clods of earth, which we so constantly belabored and turned over and over, were never etherealized into thought. Our thoughts, on the contrary, were fast becoming cloddish.
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Our labor symbolized nothing, and left us mentally sluggish in the dusk of the evening. Intellectual activity is incompatible with any large amount of bodily exercise.
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There shall be a perfect equality between women and men, and women shall have a voice in all matters […]. A wife shall feel herself an independent self-supporting artist, choosing a manual occupation adapted to her physical strength, not depending on her husband; nor should he impose upon her the never-accounted-for small duties of the household. What was the cause of this failure? My view would be that the main cause for this failure was the selection of Mexico as the site of the settlement. The solemn beauty of its deserts, forests, and mountains, and the real or potential fertility of its soil, did not convince the future colonists.
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If we read Dauthendey, the only one of the little group whose first impressions of the land of the Aztecs have been preserved, we find that cacti, mosquitoes, and vultures are the recurrent images of his travelogue, summing up the forbidding, infertile, and hostile nature of the country. This impression was confirmed by the German consul, who, when the Dauthendeys finally consulted him, explained that. There are Spanish bandits who live in the Indian villages, and when they suppose someone has money, they may easily ambush and shoot him from behind.
In this lawless country nobody troubles about a dead man. The murderer is never found. There are too many murders, and it would be too much work for the police to follow up all the murders which happen in far-away places. In return for his faith and sympathy, poets, writers, and musicians will dedicate their poems and compositions, and sculptors and painters give their works in trust to him. The necessity to find some benevolent rich man was always present in the deliberations of the four friends. In the beginning, Dauthendey says, he would have preferred settling in Germany; the Durands in the US; and he had to admit that in the US it would be easier to find some unoccupied land and some sympathetic millionaires.
So what remains is America. Not the business world of New York and Chicago, but south of Washington there is a country with a climate as mild as France. Six hours by train from Washington. Mountains, forests, rivers and a marvellous climate. Vanderbilt there has Vanderbilt, youngest son of William H. The spot where his acre farm is situated is as beautiful as one may hope to see. On the broad plateau that extends from the Blue Ridge to the Alleghany Mountains, the general level of which is near to feet above the sea and surrounded by mountain peaks more lofty than any east of the Rockies, the place naturally is a sort of paradise.
Vanderbilt can see the Blue Ridge, the Alleghanies and their tributary mountain ranges rising and stretching away in the distance. He can see Mount Pisgah raising its pine clad head more than feet above the plateau. Between these, like silver threads, run the French Broad, the Hiawassee and near half a dozen other rivers. He may see if he wishes, the spots over in the Tennessee Mountains that have been made in a way famous by the charming stories of Charles Egbert Craddock. There were certainly many affinities between them. It is known that in his youth,. George led the life of a gentleman farmer, in his spare time studying the plants, birds, and animals of his principality, learning various dialects of American Indian tribes, and, for some obscure reason, translating contemporary literature into ancient Greek.
By , he was running out of money, and by the time of his death in his fortune had been considerably diminished. Claude Dumas has resumed the case: Following the custom on that day, the official procession walked from the Government Palace to the Alameda where the ceremony in memory of the Independence was celebrated. When the President, accompanied by his ministers and his high officials, arrived at the Alameda place, an individual emerged from the crowd, crossed the barrier formed by the cadets of the Chapultepec Military School, and struck the President on the head with an unidentified object.
The man, whose name was Arnulfo Aguero, was arrested immediately and taken into custody. In the subsequent trial, from 15 to 22 November, almost all the men responsible for the assassination of Arroyo were condemned to death; but when they appealed, the matter was put off, and after three years, the condemned men were acquitted, and even returned to occupy important official positions.
As for James Durand, he still remains something of an enigma. And while Yeats had experienced F. We may surmise from the handling of the anecdote that the Yeats who published The Trembling of the Veil in , recalled the young poet in the Latin quarter with affectionate distance. The time has come when we poets, painters, sculptors, and musicians must unite to free ourselves and Art from the overwhelming spirit of the age,—Commercialism and Sensuality. The strong undercurrent of idealism impels us to become the prophets whose mission it is to herald the dawn of a new age of Heroism and Poetry which shall triumph over and check the further reign of a barbarous civilization.
We have suffered long enough in humility; we have begged our bread too often of editors, critics, and connoisseurs—Art speculators, who are the greatest hinderers of idealism, and have nothing to do with Art but to debase it; we will no longer sell our birthright.
Those among us who have no means of sustenance need no longer be cut off from answering the voice of their soul. We must come together, as the strongest men and women of other nations when oppressed have done before, becoming intellectual pioneers of a new state. To realize fully the hour, compare the spirit of Art, politics, and enlightenment of to-day with that of any other age.
If we are artists we must despise our cities, our false civilization, and our cold, spiritless religions. Let us, artists of all nations, withdraw ourselves from their midst, unmindful or our nationality and our present customs, in which we can have but little pride, estranged as we are from our own kind. As artists, we are brothers, and the difference in nationality cannot separate us. We will leave exhibitions, salons, and theatres markets made for speculations to journey men and hirelings who are willing to pamper the vulgar taste of the bourgeoisie. Art is ignored in this. To wait for destiny to help us is perhaps never to realize our hopes.
There are those who have said they will die for Art; but we will live for it. Separated, we can do nothing against the reign of ignorance; scattered, our works will be destroyed, with the places unworthy of them, by the wars and revolutions which are already at hand. We are without experience, but we are intelligent women and men, not easily daunted, and are ready to study the most advanced methods and experiments, being prepared for failures at the first.
If we are artists, we can dare. We will make our lives works of Art; like Hercules, we are ready to perform the labors of life. Though homeless, though countryless, though moneyless, though men naked cast on the earth, we are artists. We will offer ourselves to the people whose country we shall inhabit, and will be ruled by their laws in force for aliens, living peacefully among them and speaking their language among ourselves.
So may we make for ourselves an ark for Art; and when the great nations shall have dashed themselves to pieces on the rocks they have formed around them, we will announce the new age of Spirituality and the Regeneration of the World. Before the foundation of a colony which is to be the expression of Art and Ideal Life can be laid, a triple union must be established: Nous ne sommes pas artistes si nous ne savons oser. A union with a mild but energetic climate, having a balance of sunshine, wind, and rain. A union by fraternal sympathy with the people of a country already settled, having an Art future, where the soil shall favor the easy raising of food; with landscapes varied by hills, plateaus, woods, and watercourses; not too far inland.
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A complete natural and universal scheme by which a man can live for his ideals, free from the struggle against hunger and want, must be a reflection of the idea intended by the Eternal Mind. Such a plan assumes that he shall have enough land at his disposal to meet his simple, natural requirements, as primitive man receives it, together with the sun and the rain, from Nature,—free.
To obtain such land in a country having a near Art future, that is, where there is already some enlightenment, necessitates the finding of some one sympathetic to Art, who will provide land ready and cleared for cultivation, and small, simple dwellings, consisting of a room for sleeping, a room for eating, and a studio or study; also a few sheep, cows, and horses, and some farming implements,—enough to start with. In return for his faith and sympathy, poets, writers, and musicians will dedicate their poems and compositions, and sculptors and painters give their works in trust to him, to be placed in a temple on his land, made for them, to be open at times to his countrymen.
Neither he nor his heirs—against whom he should secure us regarding the land—should have any power in our government, nor right to dispose of or remove the works we commit to his charge. We and our children shall have no claim on the land or other property; we shall both be bound by the sacred bonds of Art and honor. All idea of producing that which can be obtained cheaper outside, or requiring the learning of a trade or the use of expensive machinery, should naturally be abandoned.
Our crops and supplies should be limited to our exact needs to live frugally but well. A poet, concentrated on his work for four or five hours, may find more relaxation in the heavy labor of the fields, while a sculptor would perhaps be best suited to lighter work; both would do quickest and easiest that which is most opposite to their higher work. There are days when the healthy brain-worker, incapacitated for his work, could do the labor for another who was profiting by an hour of inspiration, or while his own crops were ripening. Our disdain for money will be sufficient to exclude it from circulation among us.
The value of any product shall be reckoned by counting the time spent in its production, and a book shall be kept in which shall be recorded in a peculiar fashion the exact time spent each day over such product, and under each head the date of commencing. Thus, the colonist producing flour shall plant a field of wheat sufficient for one season and sowing for the next, recording the actual time spent each day on the grain, from the time of breaking the soil to the grinding and putting into sacks. The total hours, divided by the amount of flour, will give the value of flour in hours for that season.
A second book might be used to record hours of provision given and received; thus, for three hours of corn, the colonist shall receive the same number of hours of another commodity, in this way carrying on a system of exchange and cancellation. Also, when one colonist assists another, his hours shall be credited to him. Meat, Fowls, Milk, Butter, and Eggs. The Raising of Vegetables, Fruit, and Grain would give employment to a second colonist.
The last-named could be ground by a small wind-or water-mill. In order to avoid the repetition of cooking and dish-washing in each household, these may be done in a special place built for the purpose, with large oven, etc. A large quantity and variety of vegetables, or other simple dishes, may be prepared there, and each colonist can send in his own meat when he requires it, the person in charge attending to the cooking.
APPENDIX A
Dishes may be collected and washed all together by a quick process, and be returned to their owners in a small hand-wagon. The cutting and sewing by machines of such costumes, as well as repairing, may be undertaken by one or more colonists, who would prefer such work to outdoor labor. We shall be within easy communication with a doctor in case of need. With the simple, ready medicines and the experience of those among us, we shall be able to provide for any accident or emergency. Such sustained muscular activity as is necessary for the continued equilibrium of a great ideal worker to produce works of power and intellectual brawn which is now the common need will be enough to earn for him this bread and his liberty.
Like the birds, not laying up food in barns, he would be free to follow the flights of his soul. The man and woman who go out to the fields, after hours of concentrated brain work, will be refreshed by the change of work, rather than fatigued. Such a regime means untiring activity, and Art. Even those whom fortune has placed beyond the necessity of earning their bread, will know a nobler manhood for so doing, and will lessen the difficulties of the others by increasing the number of workers.
Everyone who makes his own life a heroism strengthens his Art. Only a vigorous life and body can know and create a vigorous, lasting Art. Our fields will be adjoining, our houses set within them; we shall have no walls nor streets, no barriers of civilization between us. Our gatherings will be on the sward in the shade of circling trees, to sing our poems and our praise. Here we shall recount the labors of the day; we shall become as the heroes of our works. The painter and the sculptor will have a habitation for their works in a temple of their own conception; the musician and the poet will there give their own compositions and dramas.
The poet will have his works translated and printed for his brothers and for the country of his adoption. The earth will be to us a more harmonious creating-. Abiding by the laws of the country and governed among ourselves by Art, Fraternity, and Forbearance, ever crushing down selfhood within us, we should ride over many of the complications of life and bring nearer the realization of our ideals. As the rays of the seven colors unite and form white, so, by the exchange of ideas and an amalgamation of the fittest of passing nations, we shall bring back an Art of eternal ideas born of Divine Inspiration and clothed in forms of pure intellectual beauty and of translucent imagination.
En 20 mois, il effectue missions de combat en heures de vol. Ou Pierre Paulot, sergent-chef au 8e? Tous fils de France. On ne leur demandait pas de faire la guerre — ou seulement de ne faire rien que la guerre —, mais aussi de construire. Ils se sont battus. John Franklin ne laisse rien au hasard: Il est de Venise. En usant la semelle de ses souliers. Venise ne se donne pas au premier venu. La fin du Vietnam libre Alain Sanders.
Un journaliste occidental les interpelle. Nous allons faire Camerone. En tenant compte de ce que dit la Loi. Qu'il ne faut jamais ignorer, faut-il le rappeler. Il continue les formations dans de nombreux domaines: Dans tous ses aspects. Le massacre des Cristeros est un exemple de cette haine. Mort au mauvais gouvernement! On ne devrait jamais quitter son enfance. Un jour, Foulques a mis le cap sur la Patagonie. Une tranche de vie.
Le 9 mars , les Japonais attaquaient nos garnisons. Et dix, vingt, trente autres encore. Mais aussi des sportifs, des acteurs, des chanteurs, des musiciens. Des femmes de sa famille. Une jeunesse de soleil et de rires. Bal l ades irlandaises. Les hommes y sont debout. Les femmes y sont belles. Miggiani, ambassadeur de Malte en France. L'Olive, le doum et l'orange Bernard Hoerni.
Interdit aux chiens d'aboyer! Pierre Descaves croit au matin de notre pays. Gautier et au cours Rousselot. Qui se souvient des Hommes? Qui se souvient des Indiens? Leurs faiblesses aussi, parfois. Pour en savoir plus sur l'auteur: Vengeances de femmes est une anthologie. Gofman 8 minutes sur France 3 14 avril Jean Monneret est Docteur en Histoire. Le Vente et la voile.
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La terre, elle, ne ment pas Un pamphlet le dernier livre de Roger Holeindre? Le blog de l'auteur sur le sujet: Son livre sonne comme un tocsin pour que les clochers qui nous restent encore ne sonnent pas le glas: Le singing cowboy , est devenu une institution. Le blog de l'auteur: Alors, tournez les pages, laissez vous porter par la petite musique des mots et… bouclez vos valises!
Voir le blog de l'auteur: Le blog du livre: La Marseillaise de Santa Chiara. L'OAS et ses appuis internationaux. Pierre-Yves Laurioz Une belle vie de chien. Le soir tombait sur Oran. Ici, un vieil homme menait son dernier combat. Et le saut fut fait: Ceux qui savent liront Pierre Descaves en disant: Il est mort en