New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences

Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

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Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

In keeping with its charge, the committee did not evaluate existing EAR programs or other federal research programs, and budgetary recommendations are not provided.

This report focuses on new and emerging research directions that significantly intersect the portfolio of EAR research interests in surface and deep Earth processes. Research directions that are funded primarily by other NSF divisions are not addressed, but several interdisciplinary research opportunities that EAR can position itself to pursue do straddle boundaries with other organizations both within the NSF Directorate for Geosciences GEO: Department of Energy, and U. Geological Survey also is of great importance for pursuing key Earth science research opportunities in the future.

Prior to , EAR directed all of its funds to individual investigators through core research programs.

In the NRC report Solid-Earth Sciences and Society 4 documented progress in Earth science, its technology drivers, the status of its constituent disciplines, a host of significant unsolved problems, and many outstanding research opportunities. It also described the fundamental importance of Earth science in a globalized, high-technology society. NSF and EAR acted on several of the key recommendations in the BROES report, notably reorganizing the divisional structure, investing significant resources in shallow Earth dynamical and hydrological systems, critical zone observatories, and geobiology, and pursuing the EarthScope Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction initiative.

The BROES report extensively documented the value of pursuing basic research in Earth science; the arguments have only strengthened with time as issues of natural resources, natural hazards, geoscience engineering, stewardship of the environment, and terrestrial surveillance for national security have repeatedly been foci of political and societal discussion and action throughout the past decade.

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Therefore, the goal of this report is not a major redefining of existing programs to exploit research opportunities. Rather, it builds on existing programs to support geosystem research efforts of particular promise. Another important change of context is the degree to which disciplinary and interdisciplinary science planning efforts have recently been summarized in workshop reports and white papers see Appendix A by various EAR research communities.

The latter community efforts have been strongly encouraged by EAR program managers and have resulted in an unprecedented number of current, thoughtful, and detailed summaries of scientific opportunities spanning EAR activities, some with moderate levels of prioritization. Given the breadth of the task assigned to this NROES committee and the huge prior investment in community planning conducted by many groups, the committee did not convene any additional symposia or workshops, preferring to draw largely on the extensive community consensus documents that had been recently produced.

The committee also requested feedback on the following topics from department heads at universities and colleges, professional societies, and federal agencies with a significant Earth science component:.

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Department of Energy, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration—also provided programmatic information and perspectives on future research directions and agency interactions. The names of survey respondents and other individuals consulted by the committee are listed in Appendix B.

Many of the conclusions and recommendations reached by the committee reflect ideas articulated in the thoughtful contributions by numerous members of the geosciences community. Finally, the committee expresses its gratitude to the NRC study director, Mark Lange, for his considerable efforts in bringing the committee together and editing its report and to NRC staff members Jason.

Ortego and Courtney Gibbs, who assisted the committee extensively with website development, document tracking and assembly, note taking, and meeting logistics. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.

We thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report: Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse—nor did they see—the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Raymond A. Appointed by the Division on Earth and Life Studies, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of the report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered.

Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National Research Council. Funding Trends in the Earth Sciences. Faulting and Deformation Processes.

Co-evolution of Life, Environment, and Climate. Recent Advances in Geochronology. Interagency and International Partnerships and Coordination. A List of Background Materials. C Committee and Staff Biographies. This perspective is even more pressing today, and will persist into the future, with ever-growing emphasis.



Today's world-with headlines dominated by issues involving fossil fuel and water resources, earthquake and tsunami disasters claiming hundreds of thousands of lives and causing hundreds of billions of dollars in damages, profound environmental changes associated with the evolving climate system, and nuclear weapons proliferation and testing-has many urgent societal issues that need to be informed by sound understanding of the Earth sciences. A national strategy to sustain basic research and training of expertise across the full spectrum of the Earth sciences is motivated by these national imperatives.

New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences identifies new and emerging research opportunities in the Earth sciences over the next decade, including surface and deep Earth processes and interdisciplinary research with fields such as ocean and atmospheric sciences, biology, engineering, computer science, and social and behavioral sciences. The report also identifies key instrumentation and facilities needed to support these new and emerging research opportunities. The report describes opportunities for increased cooperation in these new and emerging areas between EAR and other government agency programs, industry, and international programs, and suggests new ways that EAR can help train the next generation of Earth scientists, support young investigators, and increase the participation of underrepresented groups in the field.

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Today's world-with headlines dominated by issues involving fossil fuel and water resources, earthquake and tsunami disasters claiming hundreds of thousands of lives and causing hundreds of billions of dollars in damages, profound environmental changes associated with the evolving climate system, and nuclear weapons proliferation and testing-has many urgent societal issues that need to be informed by sound understanding of the Earth sciences.

A national strategy to sustain basic research and training of expertise across the full spectrum of the Earth sciences is motivated by these national imperatives. New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences identifies new and emerging research opportunities in the Earth sciences over the next decade, including surface and deep Earth processes and interdisciplinary research with fields such as ocean and atmospheric sciences, biology, engineering, computer science, and social and behavioral sciences. The report also identifies key instrumentation and facilities needed to support these new and emerging research opportunities.

The report describes opportunities for increased cooperation in these new and emerging areas between EAR and other government agency programs, industry, and international programs, and suggests new ways that EAR can help train the next generation of Earth scientists, support young investigators, and increase the participation of underrepresented groups in the field.