Russia, Canada and neutral Switzerland, which recently played an instrumental role in mediating the conflict between Russia and the West over Ukraine while it chaired the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe OSCE in Biersteker co-directed the Targeted Sanctions Consortium , a group of more than fifty scholars and policy practitioners worldwide working on UN targeted sanctions. They produced two databases one qualitative, one quantitative on all 22 UN targeted sanctions regimes, two policy manuals describing findings from the research, as well as SanctionsApp.
Non-state actors, trans-governmental networks, and multi-stakeholder initiatives are playing an increasingly important role in the governance of emerging global issues. This research project explores the theoretical background of these different analytical constructs and synthesizes them with illustrations of transnational policy networks in four contemporary security areas: This multi-year, multi-national co-authored book project inspired by the late Hayward Alker involves two Pakistani scholars, Tahir Amin and Ijaz Gilani both in Islamabad , and one Japanese scholar, Takashi Inoguchi Tokyo.
The book explores the co-existence and mutual interpenetration of different conceptions of world order emanating from different parts of the world and in different issue domains, including global security, economy, community and ecology. The Small Arms Survey has produces annual volumes on issues of small arms proliferation, stockpiles, transfers, misuse and effects, as well as numerous field-based and issue-based studies. It serves as the main source of information and analysis for international public policy on small arms issues. Professor Krause's research interests also include concepts of security, the changing character of contemporary armed violence, and multilateral security cooperation.
He has published Arms and the State Cambridge and edited or co-edited Critical Security Studies Minnesota , and Culture and Securit y, and authored many journal articles and book chapters. He has been a consultant for various international agencies and governments, comments frequently on international issues for the local and international media, and speaks regularly at scholarly and policy meetings and conferences.
His research and publications focus on the economics of humanitarian crises and responses, the energy-development nexus and the governance of extractive resources, as well as international development cooperation. Gilles Carbonnier has over 20 years of professional experience in international trade, development cooperation and humanitarian action. Between and , he was in charge of international development cooperation programmes and multilateral trade negotiations with the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO , and advised Vietnam on its accession to the WTO between and He sits in the Federal Commission for International Development Cooperation and advises investment funds over sustainability and human rights issues.
Aid, Emerging Economies and Global Policies. He works on international political economy issues notably on world cities ; on international relations theory particularly on the rules of the Westphalian system ; on foreign policy analysis writings on the continuity of US policy toward client states and enemies ; and on methodology qualitative methods; computational models. He was elected Finland Distinguished Professor in His main research interests include American foreign policy, transatlantic relations, and the international history of the Cold War.
His research focuses on international political economic issues, both at the global and regional levels, on the problem of international cooperation, and international negotiation processes. His current work concentrates on regionalism in Asia, national responses to international economic crises, the management of jurisdictional boundaries between international organisations as well as the factors which influence trade negotiations in the European Union. He has held research appointments at St. His interests lie in Central and East European history and politics, modern political thought and ideologies, and international history and theory.
His current research deals with nationhood and statehood, and minority and diaspora politics. His published works include From the Other Shore: He has done work on problems of international conflict and cooperation and international environmental problems using formal models and game theory. The International Politics of Climate Change. Co-authored with Detlef Sprinz.
His publications address topics that range from international human rights, international economic law, the law of jurisdiction and jurisdictional immunities to international environmental law, state responsibility and the law of treaties. Recently he has published works on international law and terrorism and on non-state actors.
He is currently focusing on international law theory, with a special interest on normativity and law making processes. He teaches international human rights law and public international law. His principal area of research is international law, its foundations and its history. His publications address Grotius and the doctrine of just war. He regularly gives seminars in various french universities and undertakes expert missions for the United Nations Commission for Commercial Law.
International private law and international commercial law, in particular international contracts and international regulation. He has worked as legal counsel and advocate for a number of states before the International Court of Justice, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and other tribunals. He also acts as an arbitrator. He is the author of many publications in the field of International Law, in English, French and Spanish. He is generally interested in research related to international law theory, territorial, maritime and border disputes as well as international dispute settlement.
Joost is the author of one of the leading case books on International Trade Law Aspen, , 3nd ed. In , he received the Francis Deak prize, awarded to a younger author for meritorious scholarship published in The American Journal of International Law for his article on non-discrimination. He was also Head of the Master in International Affairs from to He regularly serves as a consultant to governments, NGOs and international organizations. His areas of research relate to refugee and migrant law, humanitarian law and human rights, international criminal law, UN law, collective security and peace-keeping.
His current research is mainly in the field of international migration, although his earlier publications cover a broad range of topics including exchange rate and current account analysis, trade in exhaustible resources, macroeconomic implications of commercial policies, and the effects of transfers and foreign aid. His main research areas are competition economics and international economic integration. He has recently been focusing on the latter with a special interest for the law and economics of enforcement and international coordination.
He has acted as Chief Competition economist at the directorate general for competition of the EU commission in Brussels from September until May His main research areas include European monetary integration, monetary policy, fiscal policy discipline and regional integration in various parts of the world. He is the co-author, jointly with Michael Burda, of a popular textbook on Macroeconomics and, jointly with Richard Baldwin, of the leading textbook on European economic integration.
He was a founding Managing Editor of the review Economic Policy. He serves on several boards of professional reviews and European research centres. He has also advised the President of France and the governments of Cyprus and of the Russian Federation. He also consults with private financial institutions and is regularly invited to give lectures to public and private conferences.
His more recent books include: Cold War and Deadly Fevers: Malaria Eradication in Mexico, Presently, he is polishing the manuscript of a book on the history of the World Health Organization in the context of the Cold-War and post-Cold War periods with Theodore Brown and Elizabeth Fee and beginning a new research project on Global Health and Latin America during the turn of the 21st century.
Her current research focuses on institutional change and public-private partnerships, European integration, transnational governance, and climate cooperation. Nicole Bourbonnais is an Assistant Professor of International History with a focus on global population politics, reproductive rights, and transnational activism in the twentieth century. Her first book, Birth Control in the Decolonizing Caribbean: Her next major project, The Gospel of Birth Control: Prophets, Patients, and the Transnational Family Planning Movement , will expand outward from the Caribbean to explore the transnational networks that linked together birth control campaigns, family planning activists, and reproductive rights movements across the globe from the s onwards.
She teaches courses and supervises theses on the subjects of population and reproduction, social history, gender history, Latin American and Caribbean history, and the history of public health and medicine. His main research interests concern the legal structure of international organizations and global governance, the politics of international law, and the postnational legal order emerging at the intersection of domestic, transnational and international law. His book, Beyond Constitutionalism: Professor Loutan specializes in internal medicine, tropical medicine and migrant health.
His initial clinical practice as an MD and in coordinating community-based projects were carried out in Geneva, Nepal, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and - for five years in nomadic communities - in Niger. From until he was Director of the Centre for Finance and Development and from to he was chair of Development Studies. His research focuses on the microeconomics of development, with a current focus on impact evaluation of social programme in West Africa and the Maghreb.
Development economics, impact analysis, applied microeconometrics, empirics of civil war, applied contract theory, nutrition and health, empirical analysis of economic growth, applications of non-expected-utility models of decisionmaking under uncertainty. He wrote his PhD at MIT under the guidance of Paul Krugman, with whom he has co-author a half dozen articles the most recent of which was published in Policy essays published in un-refereed series Occasional Papers, etc.
He has successively worked on issues of development policies and State-building; on humanitarian aid and refugees; and monitoring the impact of international aid on civilian populations. In addition to his PhD at SciencesPo, Paris, he has degrees in cultural anthropology, development studies and Arabic language.
Based on fieldwork in the mining region of Lunda, his dissertation examined the underlying cultural manifestations of Angola's diamond economy to detail how labor, commoditization, and sociality challenge or reinforce corporate governance, state sovereignty and security, as well as the political economy and ecology of mineral extraction. Most recently, he has published on corporate mining and the semiotic qualities of diamond trading in Angola, with previous work on medieval history, modern European colonialism and late imperialism in Africa, based on archival and ethnographic research in Portugal, Mozambique, and Angola.
He has taught on resource extraction in the global economy, the anthropology of corporations, and social theory, and is currently preparing a book-length manuscript on diamond mining in Angola and a series of articles on diamond diggers and kimberlite mining, divination and corporate secrecy. His recent research and publications focus on nuclear treaties and governance in Europe and the Middle East as well as postwar financial negotiations.
Funded research projects he has currently underway examine nuclear security and governance in the Middle East as well as an examination of sovereign debt management in the interwar and contemporary periods. He is the author of "Fallout: Studies in Historical Sociology of Science" Routledge His courses have focused on the sociology of law, globalisation, culture, and political sociology. His papers and his dissertation have won numerous awards and distinctions. Her PhD on this subject received two prizes from the University of Paris. Her teaching in Geneva, India and Latin America and her research assignments focus on governance, urban management, Indian policies and on the strategies of international cooperation agencies.
In addition, he has worked as a consultant for several international and nongovernmental organisations such as UNHCR. Alessandro Monsutti has conducted multi-sited research since the mids in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran to study the modes of solidarity and cooperation mobilised in a situation of conflict and forced migration. He has subsequently broadened the geographical scope of his research to include members of the Afghan diaspora living in Western countries. This led him to analyse war and post-conflict reconstruction in the light of the social networks and economic strategies developed by refugees and migrants, and — more generally — to address theoretical and methodological issues related to globalisation.
Among his current research interests: She has published widely on the anthropology of globalisation, law, the state and social movements. Her empirical research on India also addresses issues of post-coloniality and multiple modernities. Some of her recent publications include the edited volumes Border Crossings: Previously he was John F. He is the author of the books The Promise of Salvation: Fundamentalismus und der 'Kampf der Kulturen' C.
Beck , and Pious Passion: His research focuses upon areas at the intersection of public and private international law such as investment arbitration, international law in domestic courts and financial crime. He has also published more widely on topics of general international law. Prior to moving into academia, she has been working more than 10 years with the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement at local, regional and international level in all continents, most recently heading the Principles and Values Department of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva.
She then was also involved in negotiations and policy-making within the statutory bodies of the RCRC Movement. In her current position as Executive Director of the Global Health Centre at the Graduate Institute she is responsible for the successful implementation of all activities of the Global Health Centre. In her research and teaching she focuses on Global Health Diplomacy, among others she directs the online courses in global health diplomacy. Sumon is a third year doctoral candidate of the international law unit at the Graduate Institute. Her thesis examines methods of treaty interpretation and emerging jurisprudence on substantive equality in international law.
She holds a B. His research interests lie in Political Economy and Social Theory, with his current research focusing on the theorization of the dynamics and trajectory of contemporary capitalism. A member of the French Society for International Law, the Swiss Association of the Philosophy of Law and the Swiss Society of International Law, his fields of interest include State responsibility, the relationship between public international law and private international law, philosophy and international law, the procedures before the International Court of Justice, and diplomatic law.
Zanchetta was a researcher at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs in Helsinki and, previously, a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Tampere. American foreign policy, radical Islam and the end of the Cold War, Wolfgang's research focuses on the computational analysis of international economic law. Investment Law Within International Law: He received his Ph.
His research interests include open economy macroeconomics, international finance, financial crises, and monetary economics. He is currently enrolled as an exchange student at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. He completed doctoral research at the University of Bristol and post-doctoral fellowship at Cardiff University before joining University of Edinburgh where he taught and researched for over seven years.
His research uncovers the local and global dimensions underscoring the production, utilisation and circulation of biomedicine and biotechnologies.
Calenda/Géographie
In particular his research examines: In particular his academic and research interests are focused on the burgeoning rise of bioscience and biotechnologies in India. His current research covers two major contemporary developments in the domain of bioscience in India, namely: The project is explaining the agential and structural processes authoring unprecedented new developments in stem cell research and therapeutics in India.
The research seeks to understand how stem cell biotechnologies straddle multiple interlaced domains ranging from public health, governance, ethics, markets to therapeutic application. Local Cells, Global Science: Family, Kinship and the New Genetics. Ethic of Consensibility, Subaltern Ethicality: Anthropology, Substance, and Science of Stem Cells. Annual Review of Anthropology , , Vol. Culture Medicine and Psychiatry special issue Sacred Conceptions: Why Adoption is not an Option in India: Conceiving Life and Death: In Das, Veena and Han, Clara eds.
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University of California Press Berkeley. Forthcoming lead author with Marcia Inhorn. Reproductive Technologies as Global Form: Ethnographies of Knowledge, Practice, and Transnational Encounters. Chicago University Press, Reproductive Viability and the State: Embryonic Stem Cells in India. In Browner, C and Sargent, C ed. Reproduction, Globalisation and the State. Assisting Reproduction, Testing Genes: Global Encounters with New Biotechnologies. In Gibbon, S and Novas, C ed.
Genetics, Biosociality and the Social Sciences: Making Biologies and Identities. Classification and the Experience of Genetic Haemochromatosis. In Atkinson, P and Glasner, P. New Genetics, New Identities. Routledge, lead author with Atkinson, P and Clarke, A. Risk and Uncertainty in Cancer Genetics and Haemochromatosis. Meanings, Context and Change.
Infertility, Stigma and Suffering in Egypt and India. Disability in Local and Global Worlds. University of California Press, In Inhorn, M and Vanbalen, F. Infertility Around the Globe. Encyclopedia of the Human Genome, London: Nature Publishing Group, Public Perceptions of Gamete Donation: Public Understanding of Science, , Vol. Culture, Infertility and Gender: S , Economic and Political Weekly , , February , pp.
His clientele covers a wide range of international institutions such as the World Bank Group, United Nations Organizations and the OECD as well as national, sub-national and municipal governments worldwide. Blindenbacher developed a new interdisciplinary theory of governmental learning, which he published for the first time in The Black Box of Governmental Learning. The theory sets the intellectual groundwork for the Governmental Learning Spiral - a practical concept to enhance sustainable capacity building in whole-of-government and whole-of-society settings.
He has spent the last decade teaching the concept in numerous international conferences, trainings, and e-learning events with high level participants representing all societal spheres from developed and developing countries. Participants dealt with a broad range of topics including public sector reform, multilevel governance and decentralization, accountability and poverty reduction, and most recently, issues in health governance and health diplomacy.
Blindenbacher earned a doctorate in education, organizational sociology, and political science from the University of Zurich and holds a master degree from St. He also completed postgraduate fellowships and executive education programs at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, and the John F.
Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. He also holds a Visiting Professorship at St. Blindenbacher is the author and editor of numerous publications in the field and he lectures at various universities in Europe and the United States. Thesis Title Housing in India: A resource centred agent investigation into housing provision networks in urban Gujarat.
Freshwater and International Economic Law, with E. Brown Weiss and N. Thesis Title Public health, food systems and sustainable agriculture: Thesis Title Microfinance and alternative models of social protection: Claire is also active in promoting women leaders in global health. Claire conducted her PhD research in the late s on a pilot programme to prevent type-two diabetes among high-risk groups- by virtue of family history - back when diabetes was known primarily as a chronic disease of the developed world. Returning to this early research with a gender stance, Claire is now co-investigator on a large Swiss funded six-year study addressing the double burden of disease in Mozambique, Peru and Nepal www.
The multi-method study is developing simple system level innovations to meet the challenges of the epidemiological transition with the onset of non-communicable diseases NCDs in contexts also burdened with neglected tropical diseases NPT. In this role she led a multidisciplinary team to ideate, develop and prototype communication technologies to offset the detrimental consequences of social isolation in ageing populations. High impact publications in include results from research on the fiscal determinants of health with colleagues from University of Cambridge and book chapters on digital aging with global colleagues from academic and private sector.
His primary area of interest is transnational business law. This includes issues in international law mostly private international law, but also public international law to a certain extent , commercial law, and legal philosophy. His four books deal with questions regarding the concept of transnational stateless law, international arbitration, the rule of law, and e-commerce and Internet law. Other publications span investment arbitration, the history and general theory of private international law, consumer protection, and a few other subjects.
His current focus, and his main project at the Graduate Institute, is on the use, meaning, and potential of the principle of comity as a foundational cornerstone of private international law. Michael Schiltz is associate professor of financial history at the Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia of the University of Tokyo, a position he has held since His research and teaching concentrates on the economic mostly financial history of East-Asia, in particular the complicated role British and other exchange banks played in the latter.
His publications include The Money Doctors from Japan: Apart from writing history, he is also passionate about archival preservation, including often neglected non-Western materials. Yet other interests include: She is responsible for conducting research around governance challenges for health and global health diplomacy, as well as contributing to the authorship of policy briefs, annotated bibliographies, books, and other publications. At the programmatic level, Lyndsey supports the management and implementation of specific GHP projects and activities.
She also contributes to the organisation of events and coordination of executive courses in global health diplomacy. She has been responsible for different elements of the life cycle of projects in Haiti, Ethiopia, and Zambia. Her broader research interests focus on the role and influence of non-state actors in international policy processes, and migration policy. She also has professional experience developing and executing communication and advocacy strategies for government, non-governmental and private sector organisations, and continues to advise organisations on their advocacy, monitoring and evaluation projects.
Thesis Title La migration des Q'ero. Le dernier "ayllu" Inca face au changement climatique. As a sociologist, he is mainly working on educational transformations with a special focus on skills development, internationalisation of education, social inequalities, education employment relations, educational choices and dropouts in emerging countries such as Vietnam and Indonesia. He is currently working on family role in educational and training choices in Southeast Asia and on dropouts school returnees. Since November Ms.
Power and Development in Arab Monarchies. Stefan Germann, is the Director for Global Health Partnerships, Innovation and Accountability, Sustainable Health Global Program, for World Vision International and serves as well as the Executive Director of One Goal, a new Asian initiated multi stakeholder effort to mobilize major global sports associations in support of child health and nutrition. He has over 15 years working experience in Africa, including managing a hospital in Zimbabwe and over 5 years experience in Asia. A Swiss National, he currently is living in Malaysia. His work focuses on tri-sector collaboration for child health and nutrition and the role of none state actors in global health and global health diplomacy in particular.
The policy, partnership brokering, innovation and training activities of his work programme are designed to engage none traditional actors, such as major global sports associations, in the area of global health with an increasing focus on NCD prevention for children and adolescents. Additionally, he is actively engaged in enhancing stakeholder accountability in women's and children's health and was instrumental in engaging with the Inter Parliamentary Union IPU to enhance the role of parliaments in domestic health accountability as part of community based social accountability feedback loops for Health and Community Systems Strengthening efforts.
As a former lecturer in African urbanization and its impact of child well being, at the Nelson Mandela Metro University, South Africa, he continues to have a keen interest in urban health issues. He has extensive experience in global health diplomacy, leading the World Vision International delegation to the World Health Assembly for several years, and in that capacity was intensely involved in negotiations as a none state actor in several resolutions.
Verlag Neue Zuercher Zeitung, Zuerich He started his career in international banking, later working as a translator and interpreter. More recently, he has worked as a research editor for Reuters in London, and as a web editor for the University of Nottingham and the National College for School Leadership. He currently works as an editorial consultant and is based in the UK. He has served as a part-time lecturer on Quality Management at the University of Heidelberg in Germany. Phil in Economics from the Tinbergen Institute in Amsterdam.
Before joining the institute, she worked for seven years at the Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis CPB , the Dutch economic think-tank, conducting research at the crossroads of academics and policymaking. During his more than year career, Rolf has been part of the global management team at both leading agencies and Fortune 50 corporations.
Prior to that, Rolf was vice-President of corporate marketing, communications and public affairs for Motorola. Before joining Motorola, he spent 13 years at Digital Equipment Corporation. Ulysses Panisset, Md, with a Ph. At the WHO, he holds the post of Scientist. He coordinated the organization of the Ministerial Summit on Health Research and is currently the coordinator of the evidence- informed decision making programme of RPC. Integrated into all levels of his research and policy analysis are his ten years of professional practice as a primary health care physician among impoverished communities in his native country Brazil.
His main research interests lie in the area of labour and education economics and applied econometrics and his studies have been published in scientific journals such as the Economic Journal, the American Economic Journal: He has also authored and contributed to numerous books, intended both for the academic and the wider public. Michele is a member of the editorial board of the Italian economic policy watchdog website lavoce.
Achim Wennmann is an expert in economic perspectives on violent conflict, dispute resolution, and peacebuilding. He is currently working on statebuilding in hybrid political orders, negotiated exits from shadow economies, and conflict prevention in contexts of large scale business investments. Achim has a broad research and advisory experience including intellectual mediation support, research coordination of major projects, and advisory roles for international organizations, government, business, and private foundations. He is also a member of the Editorial Board of Global Governance.
Dr Caduff works on the anthropology of medicine, science, expertise, crisis, risk, security, and the state. His research concerns include questions of global health and disease, knowledge and expertise, science and technology, ethics and morality, safety and security. He has published a number of articles on the democratization of expertise, the pharmaceuticalization of health and the securitization of science.
Currently, Dr Caduff is completing a book manuscript about pandemic influenza, which is based on fieldwork conducted in the United States and Europe. The book explores how pandemic influenza has been transformed into a prominent object of public concern, political debate and scientific interest.
The book highlights the power of influenza to cross boundaries and create public hysteria, while exploring how concerns over the threat of infectious disease have emerged at the center of a global order of post—Cold War terrors. He wrote his Ph. In his studies, Nicolas Cuche-Curti put the main emphasis on the macro fields of monetary economics, international economics, financial macroeconomics, and foreign policy.
Jean Gorz Swanson teaches quantitative methods and statistics within the inter-disciplinary programmes at the Graduate Institute. Her background is as a lecturer of statistics in inter- disciplinary settings, primarily in London, UK. Her research interests include the evaluation of the impact of programmes in developing countries, and assessment of international undertakings such as the Millennium Development Goals.
He is also contributor to the website www. Eisenberg holds an A. Her research focuses on international organizations in an historical perspective. For the past 15 years, Dr. Patz has written over 90 peer-reviewed scientific papers, a textbook addressing the health effects of global environmental change, and most recently, a co-edited five-volume Encyclopedia of Environmental Health From to , Dr.
In addition to sharing the Nobel Peace Prize, Dr. Since he undertook historical-anthropological field-work in various parts of Cameroon and elsewhere in West Africa. He published extensively on issues of citizenship, belonging and exclusion see, for instance, his book with University of Chicago Press, Perils of Belonging: Autochthony, Citizenship and Exclusion in Africa and Europe. Another central topic in his work is the relation between witchcraft and politics in Africa and elsewhere see his book The Modernity of Witchcraft with University of Virginia Press, and his book on Witchcraft, Intimacy and Trust — Africa in Comparison , with University of Chicago Press.
From till he was board member and later also chair of the award jury of the Prince Claus Fund on culture and development. In his early professional career his research focused on the history of British investments in Argentina in the twentieth century. Later on he worked on the business history of modern and contemporary Argentina.
In he completed a book about the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in Argentina until the early s. Currently he is working on a book on the role of international banks in the financing of economic stabilization and development policies in Argentina that will compare this case-study with the Mexican and Brazilian experiences during the Bretton Woods era. Reddy received his Ph. His doctoral work embodies a systematic study of the process of policy development in India with a special focus on policy for HIV-TB co-infection. His diverse interests have led him to undertake research in adherence to anti-retroviral therapy and community perspective of male circumcision as an HIV prevention option.
He has published research papers in reputed journals. Among other awards, he received the national eligibility for assistant professorship by the University Grants Commission, India and an international scholarship of International AIDS Society, Switzerland. Key areas of interests: Her time at the institute will focus on completing her first book manuscript, provisionally entitled Unpeaceful Coexistence: He obtained his Ph.
He was a Ph. Since 1 October , Dr. His general research interest lies in legal argumentation in European 18th and 19th century diplomacy. Dan Rodgers, the Henry Charles Lea Professor of History, emeritus, is an historian of American ideas and culture who taught at Princeton from to He earned his Ph.
Keywords in American Politics , and Atlantic Crossings: His most recent book, Age of Fracture , a history of social ideas and arguments in America in the last quarter of the twentieth century, was a co-winner of the Bancroft Prize. He was chair of the History Department from to and organizer of its summer workshops for public and parochial school history teachers. He is the recipient of Princeton University's Behrman Award for distinguished achivement in the humanities and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
He received the President's Award for Distinguished Teaching in His general field of research and teaching interests concerns urban modernity, the colonial genealogies of modernity, and problems of postcolonial thought and politics. He advises graduate students on modern South Asian history, colonialism and postcolonial theory, urban history, global history, and history of science. Until the dissolution of the Subaltern Studies in , he was a member of its editorial collective, actively involved in the publication and other intellectual activities of this group of scholars.
Under him, the Davis Center conducted a two-year program on "Cities: Historical Conditions of Possibility. He has contributed to develop the Advance Market Commitment for Vaccines pilot project on pneumococcal disease, successfully completed with the support of international donors and partners, such as GAVI and the World Bank. His activities still include presentations at many conferences and workshops of international relevance, as well as teaching post-graduate courses.
He has contributed several articles to academic journals and authored a book published by Oxford University Press. Gor Movsisyan is a doctoral student at the Graduate Institute since September Before starting his doctorate at the Graduate Institute he obtained his LL. In course of his studies he has obtained an experience in legal practice and research both at the national and international levels with private, governmental, international and non-governmental institutions.
Under different initiatives he currently cooperates with the secretariats of the two UNECE conventions: Her research focuses on state-owned enterprises in public and private international law. She has dual legal qualifications in common law and civil law, and has been admitted as a Lawyer in Australia Supreme Court of Western Australia and Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory, Mihaela has completed an LL. M in International and European Law specialization: More recently, she has acted as a consultant for several private equity funds, and various mining and exploration companies doing business in Eastern Europe and Australia.
In her thesis, Anna explores to what extent the World Trade Organization should play a more constructive role in governing energy in international trade. Training in Law and Economics. Anna is fluent in English, Dutch, Czech and Russian. Leiden Boston - Mattia has a keen interest in international trade and investment law.
In addition, He has solid knowledge of information technologies IT and computer sciences. He is active in rethinking how IT tools can enhance and reshape the legal profession. In fact, TradeLab capitalizes on the full potential of ICT and the knowledge and the professionalism of trade and investment experts directly, with the ultimate goal of making trade and investment law work for everyone.
Mattia obtained an M. He was awarded with four scholarships and he has two publications to his credit. Khalid holds a PhD in political science. Reports and Policy analysis. In this capacity, she conducts and coordinates interdisciplinary research on the multilateral trading system and other international integration issues.
Her recent work focuses on regional trade agreements and their relationship to the WTO. She is also the author of several chapters and the facilitator of several edited volumes on the multilateral trading system. In previous work, she focused on trade and multinationals. Her prior experience includes a decade of work in management consultancy. Berman's research is in the areas of law and global governance.
Before embarking on an academic career, Dr. She also holds a D. B magna cum laude from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She is a member of the Israeli bar since Informal International Lawmaking Oxford: Oxford University Press, Case Studies editor with S. In this post Bob provides the Secretariat and Member Countries with analysis and information that promotes a deeper understanding of trade and trade policy's role in economic growth and development.
Bob previously taught international trade, applied international trade, advanced international trade, and trade and economic development in the Economics Department at Georgetown University, in Washington DC. Journal of Development Economics, March Volume 52, Issue 2, pp. Public Choice , With William Liefert and Edward Cook. Agriculture," Agribusiness Journal , vol.
With James Gleckler and Luther Tweeten. But, as we have seen, Bodin viewed confessional concord as the means capable of returning religious, civil and political unity to the kingdom. The freedom to worship is also at the heart of the question of tolerance. When Bodin and many of his contemporaries thought about tolerance, it was only as provisional tolerance with the hope of achieving civil peace and religious reunification in the future. For Bodin, concord was essential since it formed the foundation of sovereignty and was necessary for the full exercise of power.
To be fair to Bodin, the offenses poured out against him by his malicious contemporaries at the time of his adhesion to the League should be analyzed and understood historically. The trail is a false one since his mother was not Jewish. Paul Collinet, who maintained initially that Bodin was not in Paris but in the county of Rethelois at the time Collinet , , later revised his ideas: Bodin de Saint-Amand our J. Bodin with another, J. Nevertheless, Cornu himself cannot say where our Bodin was at that time. Bodin, like the majority of people in the sixteenth century, believed in the devil and the power of Satan.
These beliefs made his biographers, especially those of the nineteenth century, uneasy. Such vain preoccupations and a lack historical sense are two faults, among others, that distort the historical analysis of Bodin by those who wish to make him a man of their time rather than allowing him to be a man of his day.
Even if the issue of his authorship has not been decisively resolved, one of the secondary but beneficial consequences of these studies is that they have increased our understanding of the on sources which the author of this anonymous text drew — including not only the Daemonomania as well as the other works by Bodin, but also the writings of Johan Wier —; Wier Refutations of this thesis, on the other hand, have been published by Jean Letrouit , Andrea Suggi , , and Noel Malcom Sometimes historical research progresses by leaps and bounds instead of a gradual and steady evolution.
Biographers have been faced with a series of problems because, throughout his life, he was regularly confused with other individuals also called Jean Bodin, not least within his own family: For this reason, he has often been assigned roles by historians which he may not have played. He has been conflated, for instance, with a certain Jean Bodin arrested in two trials for heresy in Paris, one in and the other in Weiss , 17—8; Naef; Droz; but see Levron Among the avocats of the Parlement of Paris who swore an oath to uphold Catholism in , there were two Jean Bodins, one of whom was ours Delachenal , —6.
He was released on August 23, following the edict of pacification of Saint-Germain Weiss , ; Droz , 79; Boucher But this cannot be our Jean Bodin De Caprariis , Equally, there is no tangible or demonstrable proof to support the supposed Protestant leanings of Bodin. This particular supposition is linked to another, more general one, that Bodin had a truly reformed religiosity, coexisting with his other judaising tendencies and inclinations towards natural religion. All these hypotheses, however, have been undermined now that Letizia Fontana has demonstrated that the Jean Bodin who was present in Geneva in cannot possibly have been the philosopher.
That said, it still remains possible that Bodin occasionally felt sympathy, on the religious grounds, towards Protestantism and Protestants in general, though this stopped short of adherence to the confession of the Reformed faith. In two important Bodin editions appeared. Jean Bodin, Methodus ad facilem historiarum congnitione , edizione, introduzione e commento di S. Edizioni della Normale, with an accompanying Italian translation.
This volume, the first of a projected six volume edition, is now available online from Classiques Garnier. The Reception of Bodin , edited by Howell A. Lloyd, was published in Leiden by Brill in For further information, contact: Daniel Lee explores the Roman Law sources that underlie the emergence, and rise to prominence, of the theory of popular sovereignty in the early modern period.
Lloyd reconstructs the intellectual biography of Bodin in a novel way. Finally, Turchetti examines the distinction between despotism and tyranny, which was essential to Bodin as the juridico-political foundation of the right of resistance, but which was progressively forgotten in later centuries. Classiques Garnier, and is available online see section 7 above. A facsimile edition of the text was published in by Scientia Verlag.
Harvard University Press, , as well as the extracts in A. Oelgeschlager, Gunn and Hain, , and On Sovereignty. The editors would like to thank James Blakeley for his efforts in translating this piece from French to English. He continued to provide help with the final version long after he was required to do so. The editors would also like to thank Jill Kraye for her editorial work on this entry. Mark Greengrass assisted in translating the revisions to the text in , , and Did He Believe or Not?
Culture of a Renaissance Man: Economics, Sorcery, Naturalism 5. Open and Closed Questions 6.
L’Espace Politique - Revue en ligne de géographie politique et de géopolitique
I maintain that there may be no law so sacred and divine that could better reinforce the social ties of the city than a common and identical education for all children. Even in spiritual matters, it enables the realization of the most perfect harmony of convictions between all citizens summa conspiratione civium. However, if the role of ecclesiastical leaders is to ensure that the true religion religo vera is not stained by superstition or impiety, it is also the role of the magistrates, who hold the reins of the State, to ensure that the youth do not forsake the one, unchanging religion to follow other, diverse beliefs ab una et eadem religione in varias distrahatur.
In this manner we may conserve the semblance of a State. Such ideas make obedient subjects revolt when they should obey their sovereign prince […] These notions are absurd absurdes and incompatible incompatibles. Yet Bodin was secure in his judgment, when he wrote Lettre Bodin: I beg God to give you grace. I call that history universal which embraces the affairs of all, or of the most famous peoples, or of those whose deeds in war and in peace have been handed down to us from an early stage of their national growth [Re] The chapter headings include: This would be the equivalent to calling God a trickster sceleratum for allowing, during the millennia before Christ, all men, except the seven thousand as stated by the divine Word , to live in the most despicable evilness.
This would be absurd. Lettre Bautru , [Ro] The books are titled: If the prince is an absolute sovereign, as are the true kings of France, Spain, England, Scotland, Ethiopia, Turkey, Persia and Muscovy, whose authority is unquestionably their own, and not shared with any of their subjects, then it is in no circumstances permissible either by any of their subjects in particular, or in general, to attempt anything against the life and honor of their king, either by process of law or force of arms, even though he has committed all the evil, impious and cruel deeds imaginable.
Despotic monarchy must not be confused with tyranny. There is nothing unfitting in a prince who has defeated his enemies in a good and just war, assuming an absolute right to their possessions and their persons under the laws of war, and thereafter governing them as his slaves; just as the head of a household is the master of his slaves and their goods, and disposes of them as he thinks fit, under the law of nations.
But the prince who by an unjust war, or any other means, enslaves a free people and seizes their property is not a despot but a tyrant. Open and Closed Questions Biographies have attributed religious, political, and philosophical doctrines to Bodin that he may have held. Publications, Conferences and Projects, — In two important Bodin editions appeared.
Latin text and French trans. Text and French trans. English translation in [T]. Latin text in [Ro] 79— Cum praeceptis cuiusdam principis politicis, quae bene instituto in imperio observanda. Consilium Johannis Bodini de institutione principis aut alius nobilioris ingenii Erfurt, , in [Ro] 11—16 Latin text without translation.
French editions in , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Latin editions in , , , , , , , , Italian editions in and — Spanish edition in German editions in , and English edition in Bilingual edition, French with Latin, in See the subsection below on Editions of the Commonwealth. The seminal English translation in [Kn] is reproduced in [Mc]. Herpin is an angevingian name which Bodin used for this work. English translation in [S]. Published in [Ro] 3—4. Text in [Ro] 87— Noack, Schwerin, first ed. English translation in [Ku]. Bodini Paradoxon, quod nec virtus ulla in mediocritate, nec summum hominis bonum in virtutis actione consistere possit, Ad Bernardum Potierum Ludovici F.
Princeton University Press, Presses Universitaires de France, Harvard University Press, Columbia University Press, Victoria University Press, Jean Bodin , Roma, Paris, Memini, Bodin a anni dalla morte: Baudrillart, Henri, , J.
Bodin et son temps: Archivio della ragion di Stato , 7—8: Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana. Blair, Ann, , The Theater of Nature: Jean Bodin and Renaissance Science , Princeton: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, Presses du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Actes de la table ronde de Rome 12—14 novembre , Rome: Chrom Jacobsen, Mogens, , Jean Bodin et le dilemme de la philosophie politique moderne , Copenhagen: Comparato, Vittor Ivo, , Jean Bodin. Antologia di scritti politici , Bologna: Modelli di legislazione e legislatori , 1, Napoli: Comparato, Vittor Ivo ed.
Bodin , Atti del Convegno di Perugia, 14—15 nov. Storia della cittadinanza in Europa. Une lecture de la Methodus de J. Presses Universitaires de France, 23— Jean Bodin , Roma-Paris: Textes de Roland Crahay , J. De Caprariis, Vittorio, , Propaganda e pensiero politico in Francia durante les guerre di religione , I: Le tournant Bodin-Althusius , Paris: Diecmann, Johann, , De naturalismo tum aliorum, tum maxime J. Presses Universitaires, II, —, — Wissenschaft, Philosophie und Religion zu Beginn des Ergebnisse der Tagung vom 6.
If the granting of subsidies is to continue to focus on conventional energy sources, how does the Commission justify this? Public intervention must be proportionate and well designed in order to make most of it, to keep energy bills affordable and not to distort the functioning of the internal market.
Such principles apply to all technologies. For some Member States, for example Germany, evidence exists that for some time renewables received support above the costs of production. Whilst advising against retroactive cuts, the Commission considers that cost-reflective support for renewables is important to underpin long-term stable investment conditions for renewables. If granting of subsidies involves state aid, it is regulated by the Treaty and the relevant state aid jurisprudence. In the abovementioned Communication, the Commission sets out which principles and criteria it intends to rely on when reviewing public interventions in this context.
Liste von Kommissionsmitglied Oettinger. Infrastruktur im Sinn des Allgemeinwohls ist eine Sache. Wie rechtfertigt die Kommission im Einzelfall, dass nicht umweltschonendere und langfristig gesehen weniger invasive Leitungsformen genutzt werden, weil sie teurer sind? Stellt sich heraus, dass ein Projekt, das auf der Unionsliste der Vorhaben von gemeinsamem Interesse steht, mit dem EU-Recht nicht in Einklang steht, sollte es von dieser Liste gestrichen werden.
Infrastructure of common interest is one thing. It is quite another when citizens of the European Union suffer as a result of large-scale projects. Can the Commission provide a detailed statement on how it might explain to the citizens concerned, from whose money as taxpayers the subsidies for these projects are actually paid, why large pipelines are to be installed and large-scale projects implemented with a limited EIA procedure? In relation to specific cases, how does the Commission justify the fact that pipelines that are more environmentally friendly and less invasive in the long term are not being used because they are more expensive?
Which energy infrastructure projects in Austria have been included on this list? How will the Commission ensure that citizens are protected and quality of life is maintained in the areas concerned?
The Projects of Common Interest are subject to an environmental impact assessment. The Projects of Common Interest shall, however, benefit from more efficient permitting procedures, whilst the high standard of environmental assessment and protection is maintained. The PCI list identifies the projects which are needed from the energy policy perspective. The compatibility of the project with environmental law is assessed by the national authorities, which require public participation of the involved stakeholders.
To ensure that citizens are involved in the very early phase of the project planning process, the Infrastructure Regulation introduced a mandatory early public consultation before the project promoter submits the complete file to the permit granting authority. Die neue Wirtschaftspolitik Frankreichs. Wie bewertet die Kommission derart protektionistische Eingriffe in die Privatwirtschaft? Ebensowenig wie die Kommission Unternehmensentscheidungen, z. If so, how large might potential losses in investments be?
In that respect, apart from rules on employee involvement, governed by several EU Directives, corporate restructuring, and in particular, the closure of undertakings is not in itself subject to any EU legal provision. The Commission is not in a situation to anticipate the consequences of the law which will eventually be passed on inward investment or its influence in other countries. Das Problem begleitet Europa schon seit Jahren: For many years, Europe has been dealing with the problem of animals in Romania, stray dogs in particular, apparently being killed in large numbers on a regular basis.
Such measures are sometimes said to be necessary because there is a danger to the people. How has the Commission verified the proper use of these funds, or were they ever actually tied very specifically to this purpose? How does it explain the fact that the situation has clearly deteriorated so dramatically this year that European citizens in all countries feel the need to protest against the practices in Romania?
Regierungskrise in Italien — Vertrauensverlust. In den vergangenen Tagen wurden zahlreiche Medienberichte laut, die die — nun bereits wiederholt stattfindende — Regierungskrise in Italien zum Thema hatten. Sie hat zur Kenntnis genommen, dass beide Kammern des Parlaments der Regierung am 2.
Oktober ihr Vertrauen ausgesprochen haben und die Regierungskrise, die Ende September begonnen hatte, damit beendet worden ist. In recent days, there have been numerous media reports on the subject of the — now recurring — governmental crisis in Italy. What is its assessment of the negative effects of the governmental crisis in Italy, in particular the scale of the loss of confidence on the part of Italian citizens and the world market?
The Commission does not comment on domestic political matters. The Commission trusts that the country will maintain its European commitments. Market reactions to tensions in the political sphere were mild, with spreads on year government bond yields increasing only marginally and falling back afterwards. In a broader perspective, for investor and consumer confidence to grow further and to lift domestic demand, political stability is important.
It is not the role of the Commission to comment on speculations of the stability or future changes in the market rating. Wenn nicht, sind dann in naher Zukunft derartige Empfehlungen geplant? Wie bewertet die Kommission die unterschiedlichen Standards bei Gutachten und deren Auswirkungen im Lichte der gegenseitigen justiziellen Anerkennung? Die darin enthaltene Frage Nr. Die Verordnung EG Nr. The appointment of experts in custody cases operates according to different rules throughout Europe.
These different rules — in particular where professional qualifications are concerned — are increasingly resulting in unsatisfactory outcomes. In a sensitive area such as this, where the consequences can be serious, unscientific and quite simply erroneous expert opinions on a large scale are to be viewed with criticism. Do EU-wide recommendations on quality assurance in relation to expert opinions already exist including in relation to scientific standards and testing procedures?
If not, are there any plans for such recommendations in the near future? In particular, does it see problems in connection with cross-border custody disputes in respect of expert opinions of differing quality? To date the Commission has not received information on problems derived from diverging Member State laws on the appointment of experts in custody cases.
As part of this review exercise, the Commission sent a questionnaire to Member States to gather information on the practical operation of the regulation. EU legislation does not govern quality standards of expert opinions or their effects in civil litigation. Other issues such as means of evidence, burden of proof, assessment of evidence and standard of evidence are left to national law.
The courts of the requesting Member State must thus apply national law to assess the evidence delivered by the foreign court, including the quality of expert opinions, and to establish its evidentiary value. The Commission is now collecting input on the impact of this legal diversity on the cross-border taking of evidence, which will be reflected in the evaluation report to be adopted in The Commission will thereafter consider the follow-up action that may be required.
These restrictions come after similar customs restrictions were imposed by the Russian Federation on Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova. These sanctions were condemned as unacceptable pressure by both Parliament, through its resolution on pressure exerted by Russia on Eastern Partnership countries in the context of the upcoming Eastern Partnership Summit in Vilnius , and the Commission. At present, the Russian Federation only upholds the ban on wines from the Republic of Moldova.
Talks are taking place between the health services of both countries, but the delays in lifting the restrictions are causing significant losses to producers and exporters from the Republic of Moldova. What measures is the Commission taking to prevent the Russian Federation from using trade bans to put political pressure on Member States and partner countries?
The Commission used this opportunity to express its concerns with regard to politically motivated measures by Russia. In addition, the Commission will continue to work closely with the Member States to address the remaining barriers which affect EU exports to Russia. Ir-rakkomandazzjonijiet qed ikollhom impatt: The Member States agreed in this recommendation to put in place comprehensive strategies to combat ESL by the end of Can the Commission provide the conclusions from its monitoring of the matter, as well as details of these comprehensive strategies?
What initiatives does the Commission plan for the coming years in order to achieve this target? Does the Commission agree that, despite the numerous measures already taken by Member States, progress in reducing ESL rates remains too slow? The Commission monitors and reports on developments in early school leaving ESL including through the Annual Growth Survey and within the Education and Training strategy. The recommendations are having an impact: This improvement mainly reflects progress in some larger countries, but hides negative trends in others.
Such work is set to continue. A majority of MS have made progress, but there are still wide disparities. MS will need to sustain their efforts if the target is to be reached. Uredbe o Jedinstvenom europskom nebu SES razlikuju dva odvojena subjekta: The SES Single European Sky legislation regulates common requirements for the provision of air navigation services, as well as the certification and designation of air navigation service providers ANSPs.
Certificates set out the rights and obligations of ANSPs with particular regard to safety. National supervisory authorities NSAs are expected to monitor compliance with the common requirements and with the conditions attached to the certificates. If an NSA finds that the holder of a certificate no longer satisfies the requirements and conditions, it must take appropriate measures while ensuring continuity of service. In order to ensure the proper functioning of the certification scheme, Member States should provide the Commission with all relevant information on the derogations granted by their NSA in the context of their annual reports.
The onus of proving compliance should lie with the ANSPs, for the period of validity of the certificate and for all the services covered. The NSA should examine the suitability of a provider prior to issuing a certificate and should assess the ongoing compliance of the ANSPs it has certified on a yearly basis. As the onus of proving compliance, i. Secondly, as to the designation, two Member States have designated air traffic services providers ATSPs which appear not to have been certified.
As to performance assessment, it was concluded that regarding airspace capacity and efficiency, the overall reported information indicates a rather low level of implementation. Regarding compliance monitoring, the overall reported level of implementation of inspections, surveys and safety audits for the purpose of such monitoring was very low.
The Single European Sky SES regulations distinguish between two separate entities; the Air Navigation Service Providers providing air traffic control and other services and the National Supervisory Authorities overseeing the service providers. As the question notes, recent audits have revealed shortcomings in the way the authorities certify and oversee the service providers and how they ensure the implementation of the SES rules. Furthermore the implementation of performance targets is still suboptimal in terms of ambition and corrective measures.
This is namely due to lack of independence and resources or expertise in the authorities. Independence will also be required in budgetary matters and staff nominations. Finally the proposal would establish an EU-level network of national authorities under the auspices of the European Aviation Safety Agency to ensure exchanges of best practises, training and pooling of experts. With these measures Commission expects that the authorities will gain the motivation and resources needed and also avoid the current conflicts of interest in their work.
Thus a major performance gap will be closed as the air navigation service providers would be overseen and monitored to the same standards as the airlines already are. Terra dei fuochi, emergenza sversamenti. Nella stessa area sono triplicate le malattie in meno di venti anni con una forte incidenza di tumori, malformazioni feto-neonatali ed epigenetica. Il ministero dell'ambiente italiano per risolvere il problema e per evitare sversamenti futuri di materiali tossici sta per istituire una task-force investigativa e giudiziaria contro le infiltrazioni nelle operazioni.
Ci sono specifici programmi dell'Unione europea che finanziano la bonifica di terreni che hanno subito inquinamenti prolungati nel corso di decenni e, eventualmente, intende utilizzarli? Intende fare parte della task-force del ministero dell'ambiente italiano che punta a individuare adeguati e tempestivi interventi per far fronte al disastro ambientale in Campania? Nella stessa area sono triplicate le malattie in meno di venti anni con una forte incidenza di tumori, malformazioni feto-neonatali e modificazioni epigenetiche. Il ministero dell'ambiente italiano, per risolvere il problema e per evitare sversamenti futuri di materiali tossici, sta per istituire una task-force investigativa e giudiziaria contro le infiltrazioni nelle operazioni.
I numeri sono molto elevati: Secondo le informazioni fornite alla Commissione, nel novembre , il governo italiano ha nominato un commissario straordinario incaricato di risolvere la questione al fine di prevenire e contrastare lo smaltimento illegale di rifiuti. The Domitian coast, the countryside around Aversa and Orta di Atella, the countryside around Acerra and Nola, the area around Mount Vesuvius and the city of Naples form a vast area that is blighted by bonfires and the uncontrolled dumping of solid urban waste and hazardous and non-hazardous special waste, with serious consequences for health, the environment and safety.
This environmental disaster fits into the wider framework of the first study by the Italian National Institute of Health, according to which the entire area that stretches from Giugliano to Villaricca, up to the Domitian coast, is polluted by illegal landfills and the burying of illegal waste, which is then burned. According to the Italian National Institute of Health, the pollution in the area of the former Resit di Giugliano landfill in Campania, is irreparable: In order to resolve the problem and prevent toxic waste being dumped in the future, the Italian Ministry of the Environment is about to set up a task force to investigate and prosecute infiltration of waste disposal operations.
Are there any specific EU programmes to finance the decontamination of land that has been polluted over decades and, if so, will the Commission use them? Based on the work that the task force will carry out, will the Commission establish specific programmes to finance actions to clean up heavily polluted land? An entire area, including the Domitian coast, the Aversano-Atellano countryside, the Acerrano-Nolano and Mount Vesuvius area and the city of Naples, has been affected by the uncontrolled disposal of solid urban waste and special waste, which is often hazardous, with serious consequences for the health of local people, the environment and safety.
This environmental disaster is part of a broader scenario that was first outlined in a study by the Italian Institute of Health, which found that the entire area from Giugliano to Villaricca, right up to the Domitian coast, is polluted as a result of the fly tipping and landfill of illegal waste that is subsequently burnt. The Italian Ministry for the Environment is about to set up an investigative judicial task force to combat these illegal operations with a view to solving the problem and preventing future toxic waste dumping.
Can it say whether there is any EU funding available to clean up the land that has been subject to prolonged pollution for decades? The figures involved are staggering: This phenomenon is seriously damaging the environment and the landscape pollutants leaking into the ground, air and aquifers with obvious consequences also for human health, as there has been an increase in the incidence of cancer in those municipalities with the most waste Acerra, Aversa, Bacoli, Caivano, Castel Volturno, Giugliano in Campania, Marcianise and Villaricca.
The case is still pending before the Court. The Commission monitors the implementation of this regulation and publishes a report every three years. Wat heeft de Commissie van de premature toetreding van deze landen geleerd, en hoe uit zich dat? Hierin wordt melding gemaakt van een belangrijke les uit vorige uitbreidingen, namelijk het belang om de fundamentele kwesties het eerst aan te pakken: IJsland is nog steeds een kandidaat-lidstaat. De Commissie blijft Turkije en zijn burgers ondersteunen in hun legitieme verwachtingen ten aanzien van verdere hervormingen om de vrijheid van meningsuiting, de persvrijheid, de vrijheid van vergadering en de bescherming van minderheden te versterken.
Vooruitgang in de toetredingsonderhandelingen en vorderingen met de politieke hervormingen in Turkije gaan hand in hand. Iceland, meanwhile, recently withdrew its candidacy for EU membership. What has the Commission learnt from the premature accession of these countries, and how does this manifest itself? The Commission refers the Honourable Member to its EU Enlargement Strategy paper for , which mentions that a key lesson learned from previous enlargements is the importance of addressing the fundamentals first: Iceland is still a candidate country.
The new Government of Iceland decided to put EU accession negotiations on hold. The Commission continues to support Turkey and its citizens in fulfilling their legitimate expectations of further reform to strengthen freedom of expression, freedom of the media, freedom of assembly and protection of minorities. Progress in the accession negotiations and progress in the political reforms in Turkey are two sides of the same coin. Even today, women are underrepresented in many fields, as can be observed in the fields of science and technology in Europe.
However, these initiatives have not yielded the expected results. What does it believe to be the reasons that this problem has not been addressed effectively? Have any specific studies been commissioned on the topic? How does it plan to tackle gender stereotypes in science and encourage girls to consider careers in sectors such as science, technology and engineering?
How well are the different Member States performing in this area, and what conclusions can be drawn? However, as the problem is structural, a critical mass of universities and research institutions needs to be targeted with initiatives aimed at removing barriers that prevent female participation and progression in scientific careers. It targets girls aged and encourages them to study science.
Yes, through econometric analysis of education costs up to tertiary level. Also, a partial equilibrium model could be used to estimate the effects of sub-optimal use of human research capital. The report recommends that Member States implement comprehensive strategies of structural change to overcome gaps in research institutions and programmes. At present, many goldmining projects are awaiting authorisation, inter alia in Romania, Slovakia and Bulgaria.
There is cause for concern in the fact that the investors use the financially cheapest technology — cyanide leaching — rather than any environmentally more benign methods, although it would be advisable to opt for alternative solutions. A very good example is the mining project near Krumovgrad in Bulgaria, in which such cutting-edge technologies are to be used as the integrated mining-waste system. In view of the above, does the Commission know exactly what technology is to be used in the goldmine near Krumovgrad?
Can the Commission list the possible alternatives and ascertain the latest research results in this field? In this light, will the Commission finally propose that mining with cyanide be banned by the European Union? As regards the technique to be applied in the Kumovgrad gold mine the mining company intends to employ conventional crushing, grinding and flotation processing for gold extraction.
As regards alternative techniques such as the use of other lixiviants and other physical methods to separate gold from the ore, each of the alternatives has a number of intrinsic aspects and characteristics which mean that they are currently not considered suitable alternatives for cyanide use in all gold mining operations on an industrial scale. More specifically, does the Commission plan to establish an energy efficiency label at EU level to tackle the energy-intensive nature of information and communication technology ICT , whilst preserving the competitiveness of operators and the purchasing power of households?
How does the Commission intend to raise European public awareness regarding energy saving associated with the use of their smartphone? To identify products that should be assessed under the Ecodesign and the Energy Labelling Framework, the European Commission established Working plans based on scientific studies. Therefore, the Commission does not plan to establish an energy label for mobile phones at this stage. Le Conseil est-il aux ordres de Mme Merkel?
This postponement was obtained thanks to the last-minute change of heart of three major countries that were in support of limiting CO 2 emissions, namely France, the United Kingdom and Poland. Further to that meeting, the Commission is now facilitating discussions between the co-legislators in order to find a solution as soon as possible, which would allow an agreement in first reading. The Commission does not have a view on how individual Member States, which are responsible for their sovereign decisions, arrived at their position on the proposed legislation.
We should not forget that youth employment is highest in this sector. There are so many employment opportunities in the field of tourism that there is a place for everyone, regardless of their level of qualifications. What action has the Commission taken so far to facilitate young people finding work in tourism? What does it intend to do in the near future in this area?
The Youth Employment Initiative , will help finance the provision of this initiatives in the region's worst affected by youth unemployment, thus supporting the implementation of the Youth guarantee. However the recommendation does not target any sector as such. It is up to the Member State to target any specific sector if they want to.
Regarding the tourim sector, EURES will be refined to allow for searches to be based on skills as defined by industry. This innovative approach will concern first jobs in the hospitality sector and subsequently in the cultural, adventure, marine and maritime sectors, as well as skills to meet the needs of tourists with special needs. Most airlines have a free-of-charge online complaints procedure which involves filling in a form. Does the Commission intend to take any action to ensure that airlines do not charge passengers making complaints, particularly where the carrier has failed to comply with contractual terms?
This provision, however, does not apply to passenger transport services. Nevertheless, based on the circumstances of the individual case, failure to provide the consumer with appropriate i. The directive covers misleading actions and omissions. Under the directive, information, which the consumer needs in order to make an informed choice, including the arrangements for complaints handling policy, must be displayed clearly.
Member States are responsible for setting up adequate and effective means to combat unfair commercial practices. However experience has shown a need for improving coordinated enforcement, in particular where the same problem arises in different Member States. Consumers, on the other hand, may seek assistance from the European Consumer Centre Network ECC-net , co-funded by the Commission, for their complaints with a business operator established in another Member State.
This Protocol has not been approved by Parliament. In view of the present sensitivity of participation in EU programmes by Israeli entities, in particular those established or active in Israeli settlements in Palestine, does the Commission consider itself entitled to conclude a MoU with Israel in spite of the fact that it is not known whether Parliament will give its assent to the Protocol when the question is finally submitted to it? The application of the Guidelines will be translated into all agreements on Israel's participation in EU programmes to be put in place as from The Guidelines are not subject to re-negotiation.
As negotiations are ongoing, the Commission is not able to comment on specific details. Levering van traangas aan de regering van Bahrein. Sinds vinden er in Bahrein regelmatig confrontaties plaats tussen demonstranten en veiligheidstroepen. Ze is momenteel op zoek naar bedrijven die een offerte kunnen doen voor de benodigde hoeveelheden. Naar aanleiding van de volksopstanden in het Midden-Oosten en Noord-Afrika en de Golfregio volgt COARM nauwlettend de ontwikkelingen in deze gebieden, om nationale vergunningverlenende instanties van de meest nuttige informatie over gevoelige exportbestemmingen, zoals Bahrein, te voorzien.
Het opleggen van beperkende maatregelen tegen individuele Bahreini wordt in de huidige politieke omstandigheden niet als gepast beschouwd. Since , protestors and security forces have clashed regularly in Bahrain. Security forces often use teargas indiscriminately, which has resulted in the deaths of some 39 people by suffocation or being hit on the head by tear gas canisters.
It is looking for companies to submit bids to supply the required quantities.
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Does the Commission agree that shipments of tear gas to Bahrain should be stopped? If not, why not? Does the Commission agree that the promise made by some Member States to closely monitor the granting of licences to export military equipment to Bahrain does not go far enough?
Is the Commission willing to propose and introduce restrictive measures against those individuals in Bahrain who are responsible for ongoing human rights violations in the country, in line with the abovementioned European Parliament resolution? Is the Commission willing to address this issue with South Korea at the highest political level in order to prevent the potential export of tear gas from South Korea to Bahrain?
Following popular uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa MENA and Gulf regions, COARM closely follows developments in those regions, with a view to providing national licensing authorities with the most relevant information regarding sensitive export destinations, including Bahrain. Imposing restrictive measures against Bahraini individuals is not considered appropriate at the current political juncture.
These cases involving the waste of public money can no longer give rise to prosecutions. Was it the Commission or the whistle-blower who was recorded as the information source in the case files? After being notified of the case, what investigative measures did OLAF take in order to shed light on the allegations? Why did OLAF fail to take action when it was first informed about the case in ? The case in question has both a judicial part, which is the subject of ongoing criminal proceedings in the named courts at national level; and a financial part, which is the subject of an ongoing detailed examination by the Court of Auditors of Greece having been required to do so by the courts in question.
Since the recording of the case in its case management system in , OLAF has regularly explained to the person who brought the matters to its attention that the determination on possible penal responsibility and the related question of possible financial liabilities whether in respect of Greek or EU funds must await the outcome of these two ongoing processes. The Honourable Member will understand that due process has to be respected and that in the light of ongoing judicial proceedings OLAF is under a duty to refrain from commenting further.
Once these processes are completed, OLAF will be in a position to conclude its case and make recommendations or take additional action if deemed appropriate. Several thousand people who are in work have not been paid for months. Taxes and tax hikes are on the increase, houses are being confiscated because of small debts to the tax authority, and power is being cut off for people who have no money to pay.
Tens of thousands of families will be without heating. The following incidents have caused particular resentment and a very broad solidarity movement:. In other words, children are being tried because they are fighting for the self-evident right to education and life.
The intervention a few days ago of riot police at the building of the Evia Regional Authority, which was occupied by unpaid employees and former employees of many factories in the region that have recently closed down, the new managers of which are selling their stock, and in this way keeping the employees as hostages in a situation where they are neither employed nor unemployed, and they have no unemployment card, insurance or salary.
Under the Treaties on which the European Union is based, the European Commission has no general powers to intervene. It can do so only if an issue of European Union law is involved. From the information provided by the Honourable Member, the matter referred to does not appear to be related to the implementation of European Union law.
In such situations, it is for Member States, including their judicial authorities, to ensure that fundamental rights are effectively respected and protected in accordance with their national legislation and international human rights obligations, in particular as resulting from the European Convention on Human Rights and from the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
The Commission believes that Greece's state-owned enterprises should be efficient and financially viable. The Commission will, however, not comment on press reports on this issue. The Commission will publish its views on the milestones linked to the previous review and other issues related to the ongoing review of the adjustment programme for Greece after its completion. Does the Commission accept such a provocative and unfair surcharge on a means of transport in an EU Member State? Vehicle taxation is currently not harmonised at EU level.
As a consequence, Member States are entitled to decide upon and implement the level of taxation that they see fit. Currently the level of taxation among Member States is quite different; some Member States levy very high taxes on vehicles while others levy lower ones or even none. A tax on a vehicle that treats foreign vehicles and domestic ones alike does not infringe that principle. However, this proposal did not receive enough support from Member States. What is the reason for this mistake, and why did the Commission allow such gross and provocative errors to occur?
What measures does it intend to take for the immediate correction of this error? The Honourable Member points to an unfortunate drafting mistake that has been corrected in the meantime to use the provisional reference under which the country was admitted to the United Nations. The Commission regrets this inadvertent error and presents its apologies to those whom it might have offended.
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The study casts doubt on the reliability of some of the results published by Monsanto and of some of the methods used to assess the safety of MON and other genetically modified plants. This result totally contradicts the result presented by Monsanto in its case, yet it was validated by EFSA as part of the body of evidence for the safety of MON Can the Commission explain why EFSA validated a result which was invalidated by one of its own experts?
Does the Commission consider that a test carried out in non-physiological conditions and exposed as such by at least one EFSA expert can be taken into account when assessing the safety of GMOs? The study casts serious doubt on the reliability of some of the results published by Monsanto and of some of the methods used to assess the safety of MON and other genetically modified plants. If yes, can the Commission confirm or refute that using selected data in this way is scientifically valid? Can the Commission confirm that these comparators literature and reported are relevant?
According to the comparators used by Monsanto, the histidine rate would therefore be both above and below normal. The questions of the Honourable Member concern details of the risk assessment carried out by the European Food Safety Authority EFSA , which has been requested to provide elements allowing the Commission to answer to the questions. The information will be available shortly.
The Russian side has so far failed to reach any decision on the question of returning the plane wreck, even though the Polish authorities have requested this on many occasions. The remains of the crashed plane are of vital importance for the investigation into the Smolensk tragedy which is currently underway in Poland. I would therefore like to ask whether any action has been taken on this matter in the context of relations between the European Union and Russia, and if so what the nature of the action was and what its outcome has been.
Many countries and international organisations expressed sorrow and condolences to the people of Poland over the crash. These concerns have been raised with Russian counterparts repeatedly and at various levels, including with Ambassador Chizhov. The Commission is very actively seeking solutions to these various trade irritants in frequent consultations with Russian counterparts. Where these prove ineffective, the Commission is ready to use available multilateral mechanisms. The EU has, for instance, recently requested the establishment of a World Trade Organisation WTO panel to examine the case of discriminatory Russian vehicle recycling fees.
Gasto adicional en el submarino S The cost of fixing the S design problem is as yet unknown. Particular and explicit attention shall be paid to major fiscal policy reform plans with potential spill-over effects for other Member States whose currency is the euro. It has been brought to my attention that Scarlet, a Belgian Internet provider, refuses to open new contracts for prospective customers who have been resident in Belgium for less than three months.
Telenet, another Belgian provider, does not open contracts for persons who have been resident in Belgium for less than six months. This is a measure which discriminates against people who have recently arrived in Belgium or who plan to live in Belgium. Is the Commission aware of the restrictions imposed by these two Internet providers? What action will the Commission take to introduce rules ensuring access to Internet services for persons who have just arrived in Belgium?
The Commission is aware of such restrictions imposed by Internet providers. Tali risorse versate dal governo italiano, se fossero rimaste in Italia, probabilmente sarebbero state sufficienti a gestire i problemi delle banche nazionali. Il MES non comunica in dettaglio come gestisce il capitale affidatogli, ma i criteri sono chiari: Il MES costituisce una protezione importante contro la crisi: I rendimenti dei titoli di Stato tedeschi sono in effetti molto bassi rispetto a quelli di altri Stati membri dell'UE.
Uno dei motivi risiede nel fatto che, al pari di altri Stati membri dell'UE, la Germania beneficia del suo status di luogo sicuro per gli investimenti. Ogni membro del MES nomina un governatore e un governatore supplente. Ogni governatore nomina un amministratore e un amministratore supplente. Le competenze di questi organi e le norme sulla procedura decisionale sono specificate nel trattato MES. According to press reports, because of the way that the response to the eurozone crisis has been structured, Italian taxpayers are effectively subsidising their German counterparts.
Germany is the main contributor providing Italy, the third largest contributor If these monies had remained in Italy, they would probably have been sufficient to tackle the problems facing the Italian banks. This means that Italian taxpayers' money is helping to push down the interest rates on German Government bonds and in the German financial system as a whole.
In turn, this is widening the spread between interest rates and making Italian businesses less and less competitive. The ESM does not release details of the way it manages the capital it raises, but the criteria are clear: Can the Commission say whether money from southern European countries is being used to help Germany, with the result that these countries are unable to use ESM funds to prop up their own banks? Does it not think that new arrangements are needed to rule out paradoxical situations of this kind? The ESM is an important firewall against the crisis; financial support from the ESM can be requested by all its members.