Although a few scholars still maintain the literary unity of 2 Corinthians as a whole, a current consensus agrees that 2 Corinthians 10—13 comes originally from a different letter. The identification of the other pieces of the jigsaw puzzle is an open question, however, and partition theories of 2 Cor. Paul to the Corinthians London: Doubleday, , 35— An Introduction to Principles and Methods of N. Hendrickson, , —91; Margaret M. Showalter and Steven J.
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Interdisciplinary Approaches Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, , — 38; and Calvin J. Roetzel, 2 Corinthians Nashville, Tenn.: Luckritz Marquis responds well to critics of the Two Letter Hypothesis pp. For a critique of the older dichotomy, see Troels Engberg-Pedersen, ed. Westminster John Knox Press, Does Paul Contemplate Suicide? Cambridge University Press, , — Bryn Mawr Classical Review Paul, Travel, and the Rhetoric of Empire. Comparative approaches to early Christianity in Greco-Roman culture.
Yale University Press, Interesting commentary by the author of a undergraduate thesis that revolved around re-measuring part of Morton's skulls and concluding contra Gould that Morton's measurements were accurate. I haven't read it fully it is in four parts , but here is the concluding paragraph from part 4: In the final analysis, the Morton-Gould Affair, which has been popularized as a diagnostic example of the role of unconscious bias in science, is simply a case of two over-eager scholars jumping to conclusions based on a small amount of data.
Should be interesting reading for anyone fascinated by the history of ideas. The eye is hollow for inlaying. The piece is broken across the neck, and is a forgery executed in the 18th Dynasty, Amarna Period style. Het werk van de dichter werd nu opgediept en wordt als een hommage meegegeven aan de bezoekers van de tentoonstelling. Het boekje is gratis verkrijgbaar in het Gallo-Romeins Museum. Anton van Wilderode reisde veel en graag. Hij raakte gefascineerd door de Etruskische dodencultus.
Met de elegische mijmeringen neemt de dichter ons mee naar de Etruskische necropolen zoals die van Norchia, Cerveteri en Tarquinia. Het Gallo-Romeins Museum heeft nu uit deze bundel een tiental gedichten verzameld.
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Ze werden gebundeld in een mooie folder, gratis op te pikken tijdens het bezoek aan de tentoonstelling. Open Access free to read articles: Here we just have time for a few comments. The three tales -- two of them in anecdotal form -- form a cascade of similes having to do with wonder. The story of Tages packs a wondrous occurrence into a few lines -- a clod of earth autonomously gains a mouth and teaches the Etruscans how to read future events in signs.
Barely is that noted than the spear of Romulus returns to its "roots" as well as sprouting leaves and branches. Then horns appear on the temples of Cipus, and an Etruscan priest finds huge import in them for both him and the Romans -- but Cipus deflects it through an alternate "interpretation" that frees both him and the city from the burden of kingship.
All three tales are concerned with self-instantiating signs that initiate, rather than reflect, an event. Instead of being the bearers of some definite meaning that precedes them, they suddenly put themselves there. If they seem to demand that meaning come, it only comes after they posit themselves. Their very status as "sign" depends on their working as wonders. Ovid, the poet of the new and strange, is thinking about the link between signs and wonders.
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In the case of Tages, the notion of an autochthonous language -- arising from a ploughed field -- is at least consistent with what little we know of Etruscan today -- apparently an "isolate," it's unrelated to Indo-European, not part of our common linguistic ground. How does a unique language of signs occur? When a language self-originates how does anyone understand it?
How does language, a shared thing, come to be? Etruscan figures Tages' power of speech is immediately reduced to a system of signs the Etruscans were said to have recorded his teachings in secret books that must be interpreted, as they speak not of the past or the present, but of the future. Meaning is to come, but the sign is here, and to make it speak, one must be versed in the sign system and in the methods of its decoding: Observatio was the interpretation of signs according to the tradition of the " Etruscan discipline ," or as preserved in books such as the libri augurales.
A haruspex interpreted fulgura thunder and lightning and exta entrails by observatio.
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The word has three closely related meanings in augury: Impetrative signs , or those sought by standard augural procedure, were interpreted according to observatio ; the observer had little or no latitude in how they might be interpreted. Observatio might also be applicable to many oblative or unexpected signs. Observatio was considered a kind of scientia, or "scientific" knowledge, in contrast to coniectura , a more speculative "art" or "method" ars as required by novel signs.
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Priests, poets, and seers have made the nuanced description, tabulation, and interpretation a matter of study and practice for millennia, much as the Greeks analyzed the large and various tropes and devices of rhetoric , and their role in cognition and persuasion, with keen and supple attention. Cipus engages in an elaborate interpretive duel with the priest and his people to ward off the potential doom -- again, the question of kingship and succession -- hatched upon the dilemma of his horns.
Where signs demand elucidation, expect a contest of readings -- not just readings, but theories of reading. In the end, Cipus's Roman reading takes on the trappings of demagoguery to overcome the Etruscan seer's interpretation. The dilemma turns out to revolve around the portas, the gates of the city -- whether they shall be open and he shall enter like a victorious general, or closed to him, and implicitly, all future generals.
Caesar and Ianus are not far off. After Pythagoras's musings and the transformation of Hippolytus, which frame and wind around the life and death of King Numa, Ovid chooses to put the riddle of language -- of the sign -- before us. For the poet, signs are the materials of his craft -- for the vates , the seer, they carry the future, but only if they can be read: Signatures of all things I am here to read, seaspawn and seawrack, the nearing tide, that rusty boot.
The project has been launched in March and students can join until July See here for a general overview of its aims and content. I just enrolled today and browsed through the first lesson. The choice of the first texts are particularly well fitting and the videos accompanying them give the necessary insights to understand their depth or to compare them with more modern experiences. All are either teaching or studying at several US-universities. For each lesson, or hour, several texts are given. They are explained and discussed and the sessions ends with two sections of questions, one more about facts and the second about the texts and their meanings.
Mysticism of Paul the Apostle by Albert Schweitzer
There is also a discussion section and an information blog giving the latest news about the progress of the course. You can download it for free in PDF format here. Here is a round-up of today's proverbs and fables - and for previous posts, check out the Bestiaria Latina Blog archives.
If you have not downloaded a free PDF copy of Brevissima: If you prefer the heft of a book in your hand, you can get the books in printed form from Lulu. The art image for today's legend shows Hylas and the Nymphs ; you can also see the legends for the current week listed together here. Today's tiny proverb is: Preserve what is given to you. Today's 3-word verb-less motto is Virtus propter se English: Excellence for its own sake. Today's animal proverb is Sicut canis ad Nilum, bibens et fugiens English: Like a dog at the Nile, drinking and fleeing - an allusion to the famous Aesop's fable.
Today's proverb from Polydorus is: Dei laneos pedes habent English: The gods have feet of wool - which is to say, you don't hear them coming. Today's proper name proverb from Erasmus is Aegypti nuptiae English: The wedding rites of Aegyptus; from Adagia 3. Wanting to grasp both, you managed to get neither. The distich poster for today is Parentum Errata. Click here for a full-sized view ; the poem has a vocabulary list and an English translation, too.