M18 - 14 ans, espionne (French Edition)

The record deals with nursing assistance needs, and improves during the years becoming more and more detailed and regular. During the analysed time frame, the nursing reports at " Paolo Pini" improve and become more exhaustive and regular; they prove to be part of the medical record, showing a good integration between doctors and nurses activities.

The evolution of this tool confirms the need of highlighting and improving the assistance practice. Lessons for the Present. He focuses on issues of antitrust enforcement, in terms of: Text of the speech given at the conference " Paolo Sylos Labini e la politica delle riforme", held at Sapienza University of Rome on 04 December , organized by the Accademia dei Lincei and Economia civile. Intervista a Paolo Pombeni. Full Text Available In the interview sent to Diacronie.

Studi di Storia contemporanea on 20th July , the historian Paolo Pombeni faces the constitutional debate from the last reform of the italian parliament and, as well as through the analysis of the essential features of the italian political system, goes through the fundamental stages of the route of consolidation and revision of the republican institutions.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Italian cytologist Paolo Della Valle developed a theory of instable chromosomes teoria dei cromosomi labili. On the basis of bibliographical review and personal observations, he maintained that the chromosomes were neither stable bodies, nor permanent structures, but transitory cellular materials, resulting from the periodical rearrangement of the chromatin during the cell division.

German and English-speaking biologists reacted. The paper shows some content of the argumentations used by Thomas H. Montgomery and especially Edmund B. The discussion was characterized by the same data which is interpretedby different scholars in different ways. And the point is that no one of them had the decisive test to demonstrate his own point of view. Wilson simply invoked on his behalf a certain 'common sense', defending at least a 'high degree of constancy'.

The debate waned along with the reception of Morgan's chromosome theory of heredity, but only the advent of molecular biology definitively stated the nature of chromosomes as permanent structures of the cell. Form and perception in Goethe and Paolo Bozzi]. This article presents a comparative analysis of Paolo Bozzi's experimental phenomenology and of J. Goethe's morphological method, which is considered one of the Italian scholar's sources of inspiration. Starting from Bozzi's education within the Gestalt psychology tradition, under the guidance of Gaetano Kanizsa, and taking into account also the recent interest shown for Bozzi by several exponents of the analytic tradition, this work draws attention to the basic features of the methodology adopted by the perceptologist in his work.

In this regard, what proves to be fundamental is the role played by the various techniques of inter-observation by means of an active and practical approach to the material, rather than a purely contemplative one. Bozzi's interest in Goethe's naturalistic writings, from the morphological ones to the Farbenlehre Theory of colours , makes it possible to highlight significant analogies and conceptual continuities with Goethe's epistemology.

First of all, a link between these two styles of research is provided by the subject "form," or Gestalt, and its direct, accurate observation, as well as its presence in non-conventional contexts and its non-metaphysical character. Furthermore, it is evident that both authors employ a conception of experiment that is repeatable, conducted almost always in conditions that are open and not of the laboratory. Not less relevant is their scientific style, in which the distinction between the context of discovery and the context of justification plays no role.

At the same time the extraordinary communication skills of both authors play a crucial role: La fiaccola e la maschera: A pair of paintings by Paolo De Matteis. A pair of paintings, now divided between Italy and the United States, depicting Apollo and Daphne and Pan and Syrinx, offers a significant case study for an initial reflection on the subtle relationships between the invention of a subject, a text by the poet Ovid, the theoretical mode of representing such a subject, devised by the English philosopher and patron, the Earl of Shaftesbury, and the artistic.

Paolo Veronese exhibition in Venice Agendo sul duplice fronte della museografia e del restauro, Pallucchini si pose in dialogo con le parallele definizioni elaborate in sede istituzionale da Guglielmo Pacchioni e Giulio Carlo Argan. Veronese exhibition took place in Venice in under the direction of Rodolfo Pallucchini. This paper intends to offer, through unpublished archival evidence, a detailed analysis of Veronese exhibition in relation to national and international context, in order to understand with an interdisciplinary approach both its theoretical and practical aspects.

He proves in a way that critical analysis which is an act of versatile thinking reveals the abundance of a literary work. He shows artists and critics that criticism should not only be considered as negative but also positive. Un giorno a Madera. Una pagina dell'igiene d'amore. Tuttavia le sue motivazioni rimangono incambiate. Il genere pseudo-scientifico dissimulava fini moralistici: Con il nuovo genere pseudo-romanzesco, l'autore dissimula sotto la forma allettante della finzione narrativa fini medici, nella fattispecie profilattici.

Forme di mercato e sistema finanziario. Spunti dalla testimonianza di Sylos Labini alla Commissione parlamentare di inchiesta sui limiti posti alla concorrenza nel campo economico. Market structure and financial system. Suggestions from Paolo Sylos Labini. Full Text Available The article builds on the Proceedings of a Italian Parliamentary enquiry commission on competition, to examine the impact of different market structures on the financial system.

The author focuses in particular on the evolution of the banking sector in Italy. Text of the speech given at the conference " Paolo Sylos Labini e la politica delle riforme", held at Sapienza University of Rome on 04 December , organized by the Accademia dei Lincei with Economia Civile. The main character was an undercover agent of a Muslim empire, who watched Christians with contempt - and yet the book that pretended to be just a bunch of his letters, accidentally found and translated from Arabic by Marana, was a bestseller in late seventeenth- and then eighteenth-century Western Europe.

The paper presents the fates of the work and discusses the reasons of its huge success. Apart from the fact that the novel was written in a brilliant style, and published at the time when the ongoing Habsburg-Turkish war had triggered intensive interest in the Muslim East, one of these reasons was the fact that it was published in the time when in France a modern police force was created.

Suggestions from Paolo Sylos Labi. Should the definition of "sleep hygiene" be antedated of a century? A historical note based on an old book by Paolo Mantegazza, rediscovered. To place in a new historical context the development of the concept of sleep hygiene. The article contains a historical note on the concept of sleep hygiene, developed in by Peter Hauri, who developed a set of sleep-promoting rules, considered the fundament for sleep-hygiene techniques.

Somnologists, unanimously ascribed to Hauri the fatherhood of the lucky term, while numerous books included at least a section on sleep hygiene. This article intends to demonstrate that the concept of sleep hygiene was developed many years before, thanks to the pioneering work of Paolo Mantegazza, a scientist and a professor in the Medical School of the University of Pavia, Italy.

After presenting briefly the history of the University of Pavia and illustrating the profile of Paolo Mantegazza, the article presents the original book published by Mantegazza in second edition in The authors report extensive citations of Mantegazza's original book dealing with sleep hygiene. Mantegazza's indications, compared with Hauri's rules show important similarities. The authors support the view that the fatherhood of sleep hygiene should be acknowledged to Mantegazza and antedated to Hauri keeps the merit of giving more solid scientific roots to the concept of sleep hygiene and of inserting it in the frame of modern sleep medicine.

Auden est un livre absolument singulier. Volumi di Paolo Sommaiolo e Annamaria Sapienza. Review of the volume by P. Reflections of a Classical Economist. The author reports on the proceedings of two conferences in memory of Sylos Labini held in Rome, on 18 November at the Lincean Academy and on 4 December at Sapienza University. In his view, economic development and civil development interact in a circular manner in the long run.

Accordingly, he provided policy suggestions that are not limited to the economic and industrial fields such as water supply projects, irrigation infrastructures, and investments for the creation of modern industries, but he also identified three priority areas of social policy: B31; A11; N14; A This study aims to examine the geo system , the physiology and the geomorphology of the risk areas in public housing of Joao Paulo formation.

This formation was built on a small plateau on a series of valleys, where are occupied by houses and passageways of different levels of infrastructure. There is a predominance of a yellow soil with a high level of weathering as well as a little vegetation. These characteristics associated with high rainfall and lack of infrastructure contribute to generate different type of soils. Three very different cultural experiences were in play: This paper explores the migrant's complex displacement experiences, the insertion of the migrant into the new context and the conflicts of identity that this migratory process entailed.

We concentrate on the recent past, which has not been extensively researched. We present a number of specific cases to exemplify our analysis. Through them, we can see that memories refer to events, people and places from the three continents, through the conscious and unconscious construction of multiple identities.

The impossible interview with the man of the hidden biological structures. Interview by Paolo Mazzarello. This paper presents an "impossible interview" to Professor Camillo Golgi, placed in time in December Both scientists have obtained the award for their work on the anatomy of the nervous system. However, they have opposite views on the mechanisms underlying nervous functions. Golgi believes that the axons stained by his "black reaction" form a continuous anatomical or functional network along which nervous impulses propagate.

After the ceremony, an independent journalist has interviewed Professor Golgi in the Grand Hotel in Stockholm. Excerpts about his education, his main scientific discoveries, and his personal life are here given reconstructing the "impossible interview" on the basis of Golgi's original writings. It is, however, a dream punctuated by contradictions and paradoxes, a dream which Pasolini will later abandon.

Yet it is significant in the overall development of Pasolini's genre. The image of the city Sao Paolo — identity and crisis. Full Text Available Although Brazil is renowned worldwide for its fascinating 20th century modernist architecture, the ongoing contemporary architecture is increasingly moving away from former avant-garde and cosmopolitan ideals as well as physical form. The phenomenon of the neoclassical style is causing increasing revolt from representatives of the urban elite, the reasons being loss of aesthetic values, no knowledge of identity and hurt national pride.

Amministrare lo studio dell'italiano: Ci si sofferma sullo stile di gestione di un ufficio pubblico in una situazione amministrativa atipica, esercitata su un territorio vastissimo a favore di un'utenza dislocata sul territorio in modo non omogeneo. Full Text Available What do we know about money in Italy, since ? Results from new time seriesThe article reconstructs yearly time series of the main monetary aggregates for Italy. It extends extant literature by considering a longer time span covering from national unity to and more detailed disaggregation, as well as improve the quality of the series for the older period.

Finally, the new series are used to estimate the long-run determinants of money demand. B14, E51, E52, E In this essay, we discuss words and images in sixteenth-century Venice in two forms: Our theoretical framework is the analysis of ideology as it is materialized in the making, wearing and representation of clothing. We study three kinds of dress in Venice: Also fahrt ab damit! Todestages von Pier Paolo Pasolini. Genau diesen 'ultimo giorno' verfilmt Abel Ferrara und setzt dabei eigene Akzente. Sedimentologie and stratigraphic s aspects of conglomeratic sandstones belong to the channel between of the Pirambora and Botucatu formations mesozoic basin of Parana district of Sao Paolo Brazil.

The interest of present study is concerned to the sedimentogenic characterization of fluvial conglomeratic sandstones that occur close to the top of Piramboia Formation. These deposits are interpreted as braided channel bar facies, deposited on alluvial fans at the border of desertic environment. The sandstones are fine to coarse, with variable percentage of gravel. These are dominantly quart zones and median scale trough cross-bedded. Gamma-induced positron annihilation spectroscopy and application to radiation-damaged alloys.

Radiation damage and other defect studies of materials are limited to thin samples because of inherent limitations of well-established techniques such as diffraction methods and traditional positron annihilation spectroscopy PAS [P. This limitation has greatly hampered industrial and in-situ applications. ISU has developed new methods that use pair-production to produce positrons throughout the volume of thick samples [F.

B , F. A , F. Selim , et al. B , A. Unlike prior work at other laboratories that use bremsstrahlung beams to create positron beams via pair-production that are then directed at a sample of interest, we produce electron-positron pairs directly in samples of interest, and eliminate the intermediate step of a positron beam and its attendant penetrability limitations. Our methods include accelerator-based bremsstrahlung-induced pair-production in the sample for positron annihilation energy spectroscopy measurements PAES , coincident proton-capture gamma-rays where one of the gammas is used for pair-production in the sample for positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy PALS , or photo-nuclear activation of samples for either type of measurement.

The positrons subsequently annihilate with sample electrons, emitting coincident keV gamma-rays [F. The CMS team celebrates the arrival of the "Tube". Antonio Maria Baggio ed. Osteopontin as a marker for response to pegylated interferon Alpha Items - of Sadhana Indian Academy of Sciences. Articles written in Sadhana. Volume 43 Issue 3 March pp Home; Journals; Sadhana; Volume 36; Issue 1.

Issue front cover thumbnail. Volume 36, Issue 1. February , pages Emerging Powers and Future Threats: Implications for the U. This is the revised version of a speech given at the conference " Paolo Sylos Labini e la politica delle riforme", held at Sapienza University of Rome on 04 December , organized by the Accademia dei Lincei and Economia civile. Da Europa faldt i en grav, man selv havde gravet. Med premierminister Erdogan i spidsen har tyrkiske politikere og intellektuelle tolket Breiviks massakre som udtryk for den generelle islamofobi i Europa.

Faktisk fremstilles Breivik ikke som afviger men som mainstream. Effect of slaughter technique on bleed-out, blood in the trachea and Phthalocyanine and azaphthalocyanines containing eugenol: Epic modes of veridiction and authoritarianism in the "new Turkey". The users of the Turkish cellphone providers heard a short message of Erdogan upon each call they made, which was the apex From left to right: Underlying mechanisms and effects of hydrated lime and selenium application on cadmium uptake by rice Oryza sativa L.

In the soil with 0. The results also showed that Se application alone strongly increased Cd concentration in the iron plaque under slight Cd contamination, which was suggested as the main reason underlying the inhibition of Cd accumulation in rice seedlings. These results suggest that Se application alone would be useful in the soil with low levels of Cd, and the effect would be enhanced when Se application is combined with hydrated lime at higher Cd levels. Pasolini fifty years ago: Reconfortante historia de las luchas laborales en los puertos del Caribe colombiano.

Full Text Available Puertos, sociedad y conflicto en el Caribe colombiano, Sergio Paolo Solano de las Aguas. Veneetsia biennaali senine president Paolo Barratta ja biennaali komitee astusid tagasi. Cesare e le intercettazioni telefoniche. Full Text Available Pronto chi parla. Le intercettazioni telefoniche al tempo del fascismo, Milano, Mursia, , pp. La poesia di Pasolini tra cinema e pittura.

Full Text Available The author, following the teachings and example of Paolo Sylos Labini, explores the social role of economists, underling how a useful economist is an ethically committed economist, who pursues the common good. Scaling Laws for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks. On the one hand, wireline networks like the Internet have grown from Migliore, and Paolo Minero. The capacity of wireless networks: Information-theoretic and physical limits.

In Proceedings of the Why reforms had limited success in the sixties: A study of probabilistic fatigue crack propagation models in Mg Al Zn alloys under different specimen thickness conditions by using the residual of a random variable. The primary aim of this paper was to evaluate several probabilistic fatigue crack propagation models using the residual of a random variable, and to present the model fit for probabilistic fatigue behavior in Mg Al Zn alloys.

The proposed probabilistic models are the probabilistic Paris Erdogan model, probabilistic Walker model, probabilistic Forman model, and probabilistic modified Forman models. These models were prepared by applying a random variable to the empirical fatigue crack propagation models with these names. The best models for describing fatigue crack propagation models with these names.

The best models vor describing fatigue crack propagation behavior in Mg Al Zn alloys were generally the probabilistic Paris Erdogan and probabilistic Walker models. The probabilistic Forman model was a good model only for a specimen with a thickness of 9. An analysis of leader-media conflicts through center-periphery paradigm: Reliability and risk functions for structural components taking into account inspection results.

The method of outcrossings has been shown to be efficient when calculating the failure probability of metallic structural components under ergodic Gaussian loading.

For numerical studies an approximate method of asymptotic nature is proposed. The same methodology also enables to incorporate inspection observations. Unpacking celebrity brands through unpaid market communications. This paper explores the role of unpaid communications newspaper and online reporting, blogs, associated comments and tweets in informing consumer decisions on celebrity brands.

Despite the ample literature Erdogan , ; Keller, on celebrity appeal, the impact of unpaid messages remains underexplored. The paper addresses this gap, confirming that unpaid messages in relation to Violent extremism runs deeper than ISIL and gover- nance vacuums tend to fill quickly; thus, Army leaders should look at what may It may be that irrespective of U. Front row from left to right: Both authors criticised neoclassical monetary theory highlighting the endogenous nature of money supply. However, they explained the sources of money supply differently, in view of their different approach towards the Classical, heterodox neoclassical and Keynesian traditions.

The analysis of both authors' works highlights the fecundity of a stage in Italy's economic thought that would seed into several promising developments. Sociologist and scholar of the Mezzogiorno. Full Text Available The article focuses on the sociological approach of Paolo Sylos Labini, describing the analysis of the Italian dualism that covers not only the economic but also the social and civic imbalances between North and South of the country.

Cycle of Forbidden Love. The events that are triggered by bad experiences causes the nauseaof the main character Selim Pusat who is fated to live his end out of hiswill. The codes of life that he can not make any sense surround him andlead him to think it as a rebirth. He lives his rebirth as not a typicalreincarnation but within the core of circle which is prepared in advancesymbolically.

Selim Pusat who can not go out this labyrinth is explored through hispersonal values that are embodied by his fellows. In this study, the judgment made by personal values that areviolated by Selim Pusat who is disappointed due to the circularity of hispast and who lives his life under the shadow of an unrequited lovethrowing himself into an abyss will be handled. Apart from its literalmeaning, the journey is the name of the fate and the whole experiencesthat are carried out by the individual himself.

The stages that arepresented in this journey, the metamorphosis of the main character inhis soul, conversion and his psychological state are evaluatedholistically. Heat affected zone and fatigue crack propagation behavior of high performance steel. The effect of heat affected zone in high performance steel on fatigue crack propagation behavior, which is related to the subsequent microstructure, was investigated.

A modified Paris- Erdogan equation was presented for the analysis of fatigue crack propagation behavior corresponding to the heat affected zone conditions. Fatigue crack propagation tests under 0. As shown in the results, much higher crack growth rate occurred in a relatively larger mean grain size material under the same stress intensity range of fatigue crack propagation process for the material.

The origin of Stevia is South America, where it can be seen as a wild plant. Further it could be found in semi-arid habitat ranging from Overexpression of gamma-tubulin in non small cell lung cancer. EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology. Capability through Participatory Democracy: Sen, Freire, and Dewey. This paper explores possible important relationships and sympathies between Amartya Sen's Capabilities Approach framework for understanding the human condition and the educational ideas of John Dewey and Paolo Freire.

All three focus on the importance of democratic values in a fair, well-functioning society, while Sen and Freire especially…. Health education as education of the oppressed. Without this active involvement, growth and development become quite impossible to attain. The Identity of Discord: The Paradoxical Discourse of Sperone L'umanista padovano Sperone Speroni scrisse il Dialogo della discordia tra il e il e lo incluse nella sua prima edizione dei Dialoghi, pubblicata a Venezia nel da Paolo Manuzio. In quest'opera Speroni critica la natura stessa della ricerca epistemologica e fenomenologica.

Come si dimostra in Journal of Biosciences Indian Academy of Sciences. Home; Journals; Journal of Biosciences. Articles written in Journal of Biosciences. Volume 42 Issue 4 December pp Article. Matematica dell Universita di Pavia, Italy. Full Text Available El pan y el circo. A new approach to Franciscan political thought. The novels Luce profuga by Valerio Aiolli and La badante.

Un amore volontario by Paolo Teobaldi are exceptions because they present migrants in a positive way and show that it is possible for some Italians to overcome their prejudices towards foreigners, and that the encounter with alterity can have positive This is not quite true, for the fifteenth-century Florentine astrono - mer Paolo Toscanelli recorded the night-to-night positions of several comets on Later in the nineteenth century, particularly with the development of telegraphic communication, more rapid. Simple simulation schemes for CIR and Wishart processes.

We develop some simple simulation algorithms for CIR and Wishart processes. The main idea is the splitting of their generator into the sum of the square of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck matrix process and a deterministic process. Organization Name s and Address es Dip.

From Self-Organized to Extended Criticality. Paolo Allegrini , Istituto di Fisiologia. Paolo Allegrini , Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica. Lingua Franca Design and Integration Language. CRC Press , Taylor and. A new intelligent approach for air traffic control using gravitational Therefore, poor management of this congestion may lead to a lot of flight delays, increase of operational errors by air traffic control personnel Sisearhitekt Mari Koger, tema kommentaarid. Filmens migrasjon til en digital plattform.

It rejects the idea The relational model is dead, SQL is dead, and i don't feel so good myself.

Quotations from movies are used as a playful though effective way to convey the dramatic changes Veils, Caps and Hats: The Language of Headgear between the Many techniques have been used in biomechanics to describe the cycling movement. The purpose of this study is to proposal a specific methodology to evaluation the forces applied on the pedal.

An experienced elite cyclist was submitted to a protocol which consisted of four different saddle positions upward, downward, forward, and backward assuming as reference position the one used by the cyclist in training and competition. The displacement of the saddle was of 1cm in all tests. The individual's bicycle was connected to a magnetic cycle simulator.

The load was normalized by a physiological criterion ventilatory threshold, to simulate the cyclist's race rhythm. The right regular pedal was replaced by a 2D instrumented pedal to record the force. Enhanced recovery after surgery and video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy: The concept was introduced in the late s and was first adopted in patients undergoing open colorectal surgery. Since then, the concept of ERAS has been adopted by multiple surgical specialties. Full Text Available Along with history, the music has taken an important place in Turkslife, as an expression of melancholy, happiness, heroism, exitement, and love.

Music in Turks is old, as old as Turk history. Some history and musicscientists talk about years of Turkish Music History. Music took animportant place especially at the Ottoman Emperior Times. This situation ishappened at the times of II. Mahmut, due to their extra worth on music. Demand tomusic also effected the literature, and thus the divan poets used musicalterms in their performance.

In our work, we are going to stress on 16th Century Divan PoetNev's musical components. Data of cost-optimal solutions and retrofit design methods for school renovation in a warm climate. It reports the data related to the establishment of several variants of energy efficient retrofit measures selected for two existing school buildings located in the Mediterranean area. In compliance with the cost-optimal analysis described in the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and its guidelines EU, Directive, EU , [2], [3], these data are useful for the integration of renewable energy sources and high performance technical systems for school renovation.

The data of cost-efficient high performance solutions are provided in tables that are explained within the following sections. The data focus on the describe school refurbishment sector to which European policies and investments are directed. The two reference buildings differ for construction period, materials and systems.

The eleven tables provided contain data about the localization of the buildings, geometrical features and thermal properties of the envelope, as well as the energy efficiency measures related to walls, windows, heating, cooling, dhw and renewables. Output values of energy consumption, gas emission and costs are given for a. Sugli studi medievali e il mutamento digitale On the medieval studies and the digital change.

This section includes three short papers - presented at the seminar on Medium-Evo. Gli studi medievali e il mutamento digitale Firenze, Medium-Evo. Networks in Cell Biology. Transcriptional regulatory networks Sarath Chandra Janga and M. Rajagopala and Gerard Cagney; 5. Modeling protein interaction networks Francesco Rao; 6. Hierarchical modularity in biological networks: Signalling networks Gian Paolo Rossini; Appendix 1.

Modelling the local structure of networks D. Higher-order topological properties S. Elementary mathematical concepts A. In recent years, a number of theorists have developed approaches to social cognition that highlight the centrality of social interaction as opposed to mindreading e. There are important differences among these approaches, as I will discuss, but they are united by their commitment to the claim that various embodied and extended processes sustain social understanding and interaction I will then present an alternative and moderate version of interactionism, according to which the embodied and extended processes that interactionists emphasize actually complement mindreading and may even contribute as an input to mindreading KM e "nuova" logica.

Paolo Bisogno leaved many tracks that must be catalogued. We will try to outline here an operative and epistemologic layout of knowledge modelling and categorizing, helping us in understanding new knowledge boundaries of KM. Slovenske Elektrarne received the main Via Bona award for its complex and extraordinary approach to responsible business. Non-profit fund Pontis has been granting this award since to companies voluntarily contributing to the mitigation of negative trends and the improvement of positive business aspects beyond legislative requirements.

We won with our Energy for the Country programme. From Arawaks to Zombies. Or, how Afro-American anthropology got its start. Chronostatigraphy of limistone sequency of north Brazilian coast based on data from stronium isotope. The strontium isotope composition of marine limestones can be a valuable tool for stratigraphic correlation, in addition to other techniques usually employed for this purpose.

The technique can render particularly important in sequences where the fossil assemblage do not present good stratigraphic resolution. As examples, data from Mesozoic and Cenozoic limestone sequences of north Brazilian coast are here presented. Data on strontium isotope composition are compared to those obtained by De Paolo and Ingram in another geographic locations.

Founded in Milan in by three artists, Paolo Rosa, Fabio Cirifino and Leonardo Sangiorgi, from the beginning they have opted for the collaborative team work, distancing themselves from the opinions of the critique and from the art market. Characterized by a militant past Paolo Facchi, et al. Here, we give a criterion for the identification of maximally entangled four-qubit states.

Using this criterion, we not only identify some existing maximally entangled four-qubit states in the literature, but also find several new maximally entangled four-qubit states as well. The aim of this article is to reveal, through a critical analysis of the discourse,how the leading football player Paolo Guerrero has been built up in differentsporting newspaper articles as a new national hero who is able to incarnate acertain archetypical value bravery , and introduce him as a lucky essence fromthe Peruvian national character.

Proposal should be directed to Dr. John Lavery Report Term: This work has resulted in the writing of a manuscript for the Journal. Sylos Labini recalls here his oligopoly theory, but he also extends his remarks to a full range of necessary structural reforms for Italy at the time. Accounting for intimate partner violence perpetration. A cross-cultural comparison of English and Brazilian male substance users' explanations. Abstract Introduction and Aims This paper describes how substance use features in the accounts of intimate partner violence IPV perpetrators in treatment in England and Brazil.

The aim of the research was to better understand cross cultural constructions of IPV perpetration amongst men in treatment for substance use. Design and Methods Semi? The first great Thai ruler to encourage the adoption of Western culture and technology was King Narai, and his enlightened attitude led to the rapid development of Thailand. King Narai also had a passion for astronomy, and he pursued this interest by allowing French Jesuit missionaries to set up a large modern well-equipped astronomical observatory in Lopburi Province between AD and This was known as the Wat San Paolo Observatory, and King Narai and the missionaries observed a total lunar eclipse on 10 December and a partial solar eclipse on 30 April These observations and others made at Wat San Paolo Observatory during the s marked the start of modern scientific astronomy in Thailand.

In this paper we discuss King Narai's scientific and other interests, the founding of the Wat San Paolo Observatory, the missionaries who conducted the astronomical programs, their instruments and their observations. We also describe the surviving ruins of the Observatory and their interpretation as a site of national scientific importance in Thailand.

Full Text Available Numerical and experimental methods were applied to investigate fatigue crack propagation behavior of reinforced concrete RC beams strengthened with a new type carbon fiber reinforced polymer CFRP named as carbon fiber laminate CFL subjected to hot-wet environment. In finite element model, simulation of CFL-concrete interface was based on the bilinear cohesive zone model under hot-wet environment and indoor atmosphere. Paris- Erdogan formula was developed based on the numerical analysis and environmental fatigue tests. Influence of combined impact and cyclic loading on the overall fatigue life of forged steel, EA4T.

The performance of forged steel, EA4T, used in rail industry, under simulated in service conditions, i. The standard Paris- Erdogan fatigue design curve parameters, m and C, were calibrated to account for the effect of the impact component of loading. A minimum threshold for impact load component, identified in the experiments, was also incorporated in the proposed empirical model.

It was therefore suggested that the modified model may be used as a novel design tool for predicting the overall fatigue life of components made of this material under the specified combined impact and fatigue loading conditions.

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The face material was tested in tension These properties were then used in an analytical model of the mixed-mode bending sandwich specimen to calculate compliance and energy release rate. Results showed constant crack General background and approach to multibody dynamics for space applications.

Multibody dynamics for space applications is dictated by space environment such as space-varying gravity forces, orbital and attitude perturbations, control forces if any. Several methods and formulations devoted to the modeling of flexible bodies undergoing large overall motions were developed in recent years. Most of these different formulations were aimed to face one of the main problems concerning the analysis of spacecraft dynamics namely the reduction of computer simulation time. By virtue of this, the use of symbolic manipulation, recursive formulation and parallel processing algorithms were proposed.

Another important issue which must be addressed carefully in multibody space dynamics is relevant to a correct choice of kinematics variables. In fact, when dealing with flexible multibody system the resulting equations include two different types of state variables, the ones associated with large rigid displacements and the ones associated with elastic deformations. These two sets of variables have generally two different time scales if we think of the attitude motion of a satellite whose period of oscillation, due to the gravity gradient effects, is of the same order of magnitude as the orbital period, which is much bigger than the one associated with the structural vibration of the satellite itself.

Therefore, the numerical integration of the equations of the system represents a challenging problem. This was the abstract and some of the arguments that Professor Paolo Santini intended to present for the Breakwell Lecture; unfortunately a deadly disease attacked him and shortly took him. Selim of Otttoman sultans, is an important step taken toward westernization. Some sultans in last period of Ottoman Empire have also strived to take similar steps.

Unfortunately, an uprising movement has ended the mentioned period above. Both this first Ottoman innovation movement and the first Ottoman insurrection that terminated the innovation are of importance in terms of being sample for the next ones. Upon his uncle Mustafa The First I. This hatred increased in time when Sultan Othman personally assumed the supreme commander in chief of army and decided to go to Mecca for pilgimage and eventually turned into a rebellion.

Design Features, Design and Combat Use. Based on the analysis of design and system design determined that hats were made of Circassian masters of the XVIII century. Forged a gilded crown complemented by ornamented Hoop, pads, conical pommel, and ringed barmitsa Persian type. In Cherkessia similar hats were known as Tang from the Arab. It is most likely that the owner of the helmet was the last Noureddine Crimean khanate, Bahadir Giray was the son of MuminGirei? Forged iron gilded crown complemented by ornamented Hoop, plates and funnel-shaped topping.

Dome placed on the manufacture date of the helmet — " of the Hijra" i. Faceted iron supplemented gilt crown ornamented Hoop, conical pommel and Aventail Persian type. In the framework of the interdisciplinary research were made copies of these helmets, which have become the object of scientific experiments aimed at the study of the functional properties of the considered hats. According to the results of the experimental tests it was found that all three of the helmet provide very reliable protection of the head and neck of the warrior from the cutting and cut-and-cutting blows of the enemy.

The current volume presents four chapters touching on some of the most important and modern areas of research in Mathematical Finance: The Paris-Princeton Lecture Notes on Mathematical Finance, of which this is the fifth volume, publish cutting-edge research in self-contained, expository articles from renowned specialists. The aim is to produce a series of articles that can serve as an introductory reference source for research in the field. In this article, Pasolini wonders whether the novel is still a contemporary literary form or if it is rather something which belongs to the past.

He concludes that, as long as the real retains its novelistic structure, the novel will not become outdated. But why did Pasolini pose the question of the novelistic in such a time in Italian history? Pasolini was compelled by the unde Costantino Sigismondi contributes with several works dealing with history of astronomy and observational astronomy, especially the one of variable stars with naked eye, for the great didactical value of such observations. Tendenze interpuntorie in giovani narratori. The biggest investment in the history of Slovakia.

Planned investment of Eur 2. The theory of employment: Una lettera a Sylos Labini. A letter to Sylos Labini. Une analyse des conflits dans les interactions entre institutrice et eleves d'une ecole maternelle. The aim was to examine how primary school children are affected in their development by: The author concludes that these factors lead to tensions in the classroom which could be avoided through a different approach to movement and space.

A journey in time and space through the solar system Farinella Prize Lecture. The evolution of the interiors, surfaces, and atmospheres of solid bodies in the solar system is affected by interplanetary collisions. From Mercury to the outskirts of the solar system, collisions with leftover planetesimals -asteroids, comets and their debris- provide a primary evolutionary process. Impact craters mark this evolution and provide a diagnostic tool, which coupled with modeling and, when possible, sample analysis, allow us to unravel the ancient history of the solar system.

In this prize talk, I will present a few selected cutting-edge research topics at the frontier between modeling and space exploration that without any doubt would have deeply interested the curious mind of Paolo Farinella. Progress in biogas II - Biogas production from agricultural biomass and organic residues. Within the International Congress at the University of Hohenheim Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany from 29th March to 1st April, , beside numerous poster presentations the following lectures were held: Urban policies and citizenship.

Some mechanisms for the production of urban space in the city of Sao Paulo. Full Text Available The article deals with the historical reasons for the present conditions in the city of Sao Paolo , attempts at managing the place, preparation of the master plan, problems with establishment of particular mechanisms for creating urban space and reasons for success or failure of particular endeavours. An important aspect in solving physical problems of future development is prevention of social and physical segregation. Urban policies are presented with three types of measures.

In conclusion, two examples of policy implementation are shown. Theatrical Complicity as a Medium of Emancipation. How do we find a solution when we ourselves are the problem? This is the question posed by two contemporary performances that frame the spectator as an accomplice in the exploitation and representation of suffering and violence in a globalized and mediatized world: The purpose of the experimental activity was twofold a metrological instrument characterization and application to assessment of rough PP injection moulded Confocal microscopy is seen to be a promising technique in metrology of microstructures.

Some limitations with respect to surface metrology were found during the experiments. It contains the following contributions: The pullback equation Bernard Dacorogna , The stability of the isoperimetric inequality Nicola Fusco , Mathematical problems in thin elastic sheets: These lectures are addressed to graduate students and researchers in the field. History of the early dipteran systematics in Italy: This presentation starts with Galileo's discovery of the microscope and the first Lyncei.

Giovanni Heckius and Francesco Stelluti demonstrated different kinds of mosquitoes. In 19th century Eugenio Ficalbi reviewed the Italian Culicids. Healing sounds have always been considered in the past an important aid in medical practice, and nowadays, medicine has confirmed the efficacy of music therapy in many diseases.

The aim of this study is to assess the curative power of music, in the frame of the current clinical relationship. The short film La ricotta Pier Paolo Pasolini, tells the story of Stracci, an extra working on a film of the life of Christ, which is presented in part via tableaux vivants of Mannerist paintings. In this article, I examine a particularly emphatic binary in the film in the form of the abstract, ethereal corporeality of the Mannerist paintings versus the raw and bawdy corporeality of Stracci. I show that through t Here we provide reflections of and a tribute to John M.

Olson, a pioneering researcher in photosynthesis. He was the world expert on pigment organization in the green photosynthetic bacteria, and discovered and characterized the first chlorophyll-containing protein, which has come to be known as the Fenna-Matthews-Olson FMO protein. He also thought and wrote extensively on the origin and early evolution of photosynthesis. Roma ri-vista e vissuta ne La dolce vita e La grande bellezza. Esta conflictividad viene a ser el impulso a los cambios productivos, como los que socavaron poderosamente la forma de producir a l Le minoranze islamiche nella Bulgaria post-comunista: Full Text Available Contributo segnalato dal Prof.

Profili istituzionali delle relazioni tra Stato e confessioni religiose nella Bulgaria post-comunista: La ayahuasca te da tu arte. The induced positrons annihilate with the material electrons emitting a keV annihilation radiation. Doppler broadening spectroscopy of the keV radiation provides information about open-volume defects and plastic deformation in solids. Utilizing this information one can predict the probability distributions for mass and charge asymmetries. This results in limited transfer and associated heating of the projectile- and target-like fragments.

This dynamical simulation of the reaction system takes into account the Fermi nature of the nucleons obeying the Pauli Exclusion Principle. In the governing nucleon exchange, the chemical potential or the PES play important roles. In the present simulations, the potential energy surface is derived from the phenomenological liquid drop binding energies with shell corrections for a range of fragmentations of the total mass and charge of the system [1].

The effective potential energy is given by. They are related to the number of exchanges of neutrons and protons, respectively, between projectile and target. The exchange of nucleons is expected to have a strong dependence on the initial asymmetries of the system. Neutrons have a higher mobility than protons due to the Coulomb barrier that protons have to overcome. Since the reaction model simulations generate only the often highly excited and unstable primary fragments, which are not easily accessible to experiment, the subsequent disintegration of these primaries has to be simulated separately and in addition.

Figure 1 displays, for each system, the predicted average trajectories plotted vs. PLF N and Z values. These trajectories are superimposed on the PES for zero angular momentum. According to the calculations, with decreasing impact parameter the projectile of the proton rich system experiences a drift of probability in mean N and Z, essentially increasing the proton richness of the PLF with respect to the projectile, while that of the TLF decreases.

The larger decrease in the average N as compared to the increase in average Z is due to the fact that the neutrons have a greater mobility than protons. Inspection of the PES makes such outcome plausible. In contrast to the evolution of the proton rich system, the neutron rich system is predicted to experience little to no change in the average N or Z of the PLF, retaining the initial charge and mass asymmetries for the primary fragments.

However, in this system there is an excess of neutrons that are transferred back and forth between PLF and TLF reaction partners in a diffusion-like process. This type of neutron exchange does not result in an average net change of N or Z for the projectile.

It appears from the PES that the neutron rich projectile-target system is injected and permanently trapped in a local PES minimum preventing any net drift of the mean N and Z distributions. Depending on the excitation energy acquired by the reaction primaries, their sequential decay will show. Obviously, because of their higher excitations, it is more difficult to reconstruct the reaction primaries emerging from more central collisions than from peripheral interactions. As seen from the black points in Fig. The ejectiles from such decay are mainly neutrons and relatively few but highly neutron rich light charged particles and clusters.

This results in a relatively good preservation of the charge of the PLF for peripheral and semi-peripheral collisions. With decreasing impact parameter, the ejectiles should become less neutron rich. In contrast, the PLF generated in the proton rich reaction system should emit numerous light charged particles with relatively small neutron excess. Therefore, the different iso-asymmetries of the reaction system are predicted to be visible in the multiplicities and neutron richness of the associated charged particles and clusters.

As expected from the simulations discussed above, the isotopic distributions for the neutron rich system exhibit increased yields of the heavier isotopes at the expense of lighter ones, opposite for the proton rich system. As expected from the theoretical PLF trajectories depicted in Fig. This difference is reflected in a large intensity of neutrons evaporated from the PLF produced by the neutron rich system, as well as in an enhancement of the yields of heavier isotopes produced. Tentatively, the above preliminary data are consistent with the simulation calculations and the underlying assumptions.

For particles stopped in the Si detector the masses are identified utilizing measured energies and TOF times. Figure 3 depicts a comparison of the mass. Likewise, broader features appear in the mass region of Ca-like, target related recoil products TLFs need to be investigated in more detail. The various comparison of data for the two systems suggest interesting isotopic differences in the reaction dynamics revealed by the measurements of light charged particles, intermediate mass clusters and the more massive reaction products.

Continued work will be devoted both to a search for characteristic correlations between different classes of data and to more detailed theoretical modeling of the phases of primary reaction and subsequent decay. Huizenga, Treatise on Heavy-Ion Science, vol. There are obviously similarities and striking differences in the two mass distributions extending from the light charged particles to the domain of fusion evaporation residues. Furthermore, each of the two mass distributions exhibits a prominent peak in intensity, most likely associated with corresponding PLFs.

Each peak is located in mass close to that of the corresponding projectile, i. To interpret the interesting difference in width and shape of these PLF mass peaks requires. This work aims to explore the isospin dependence of the decay modes of medium mass compound nuclei formed by fusion processes.

The experiment complements data already obtained at 5. The neutron enrichment of the compound nuclei in fact is expected to play an important role on the various emission mechanisms, providing crucial information on fundamental nuclear quantities as level density, fission barrier or viscosity. Thus the chemical composition influence the fission dynamics and a program of systematic measurements of fission cross-section for a large isotopic chain of compound nuclei, from neutronrich to neutron-poor, provides careful information.

The measurement of these observables, requires a good isotopic resolution, a low energy thresholds for LCPs and IMFs, a high granularity and a broad angular acceptance. In figure 1, a picture of the detector in the devoted experimental scattering chamber at LNS is reported. The identification methods employed are: This last method [4,5] was recently implemented in CHIMERA, allowing to work for the first time with this device in a low energy domain. Under this experimental conditions, the expected particles rate at forward angles was evaluated to be very high, so, in order to avoid pile-up, preserving good energy resolution, and monitoring elastic scattering cross section in this angular range, the ring 1 and the ring 2 were carefully shielded by thick frames with holes of 1 cm diameter.

In this way, also the dead time was taken at a low level and good statistics was collected for normalization purpose. The beam was delivered with a timing resolution about ps- 1 ns. This time resolution was a mandatory request to obtain the needed mass resolution. Inclusive and coincidence measurements were realized. The next development of the data analysis will complement these preliminary results. It seems also that the neutron excess affects the yields of the light fragments, but we have to wait the extraction of the absolute cross section of the reaction products to confirm this result.

The analysis is in progress. Staggering effects are evident in the Z distributions, as well as different isotopic composition and enrichment for the reaction products in the two systems. Absolute cross sections calculations of the reaction products are in progress, and these could provide important indication on the isospin influence on the reaction mechanism and fragments production.

Comparisons with theoretical models are in progress; and by comparing calculation with the new set of experimental data we could able to estimate the influence of structural effects during the separation phase in asymmetric fission. Rifuggiato and the staff of LNS facility for their support during the experiment and in particular for their abilities to deliver 78,86Kr beams of excellent quality, good intensity and high time resolution.

We can see the different isotopic composition and relative enrichment in correspondence of the same Z, for the compared systems. Ademard et al, in press on Phys. C 75, [3] A. A , [4] G. Most of the authors are in agreement that direct processes are favoured due to the low binding energy of the valence nucleons.

Instead an intense debate arose about the role played by the halo structure in fusion reactions. If from one hand the presence of the diffuse halo affects the shape of projectile-target potential reducing the Coulomb barrier and enhancing the fusion cross section, from the other it is necessary to take into account dynamic effects whose role it is not yet clear. They are due to the coupling of the relative motion of projectile and target to their intrinsic excitations or to the other reactions channels, in particular with break-up channel.

According to the Continuum-Discretised CoupledChannel CDCC calculations [1,2] these dynamic effects should cause an enhancement of the sub-barrier total fusion cross-section with respect to the nocoupling case; on the other hand the high probability of the break-up process should generate a suppression of the total fusion cross-section at energies above the barrier.

But not all theoretical model are in agreement with this prediction. For example opposite results have been obtained using an approach [3] based on a time dependent wavepacket formalism the cross-section in the neutron halo case is slightly suppressed compared to the non-halo case. The experimental investigation is quite difficult owing to the very low intensity of the available radioactive beams coupled to the difficulty of measuring fusion cross-. Fusion reactions induced by the 2n halo 6He nucleus in the energy region around the Coulomb barrier are the most studied of any involving light radioactive beams [], because 6He beams are available in several radioactive beam facilities with good intensities up to pps.

Despite of these, so far, all the authors did not reach similar conclusion about the enhancement or suppression effect on the fusion cross section due to 6He structure.

It should be noticed that the most of the existing data do not really explore the region below the barrier with reasonable errors and moreover is not always clearly discussed which is the role played in the observed final result by different static and dynamic effects. For this reason we decided to perform a new measurement with 4 He beam in order to extend the fusion excitation function to lower energies, to cover the same energy region of the 6 He data.

As in our previous measurement [] the fusion excitation function was performed using an activation technique. At these low energies the most part of the evaporation residues E. Possible reactions induced by the beam on the 93Nb catchers do not represent a problem since the X-ray energies are different to the ones corresponding to reactions on 64Zn. After being irradiated the target and catcher are placed very close to the Si Li detector to measure the residues activity. The activated target were measured at Laboratori Nazionali del Sud for about twenty days.

Experimental Results From the X-ray spectrum it is possible to identify different elements produced in the fusion-evaporation reaction. It is possible to discriminate the different isotope contributions by their half- lives, following the X-ray activity as a function of time. As one can see from the slope of the activity curve only the contribution of 67Ga isotope is present. By using statistical model calculation we had estimated that not only 67Ga but also and 67Ge should be produced in this reaction.

Therefore, after one day, time at which the off-line measurement started, we observed only the 67Ga contribution which, however, is the sum of both 67Ge and 67Ga. The consistency of the two data sets is guaranteed by the good agreement of the points around 9. An enhancement of the fusion excitation functions at energies below the Coulomb barrier in the case of 6He with respect the 4He one is observed. The enhancement is attributed to the halo structure of 6He, but from this it is not possible to disentangle between static and dynamic effects. The 6He and 4He at upper energies inverted triangles are the data of the previous experiment [10,11].

With the closed stars are plotted the new preliminary 4He data. This behavior it is surely linked to the halo structure of the 6He and it seems to be correlated to static effects. C 61 [2] A. C 65 [3 ] M. B 37, 53 [4] A. A [5] J. Nature [8] Y. C 70 [10] A. Di Pietro et al. C 69 [11] A. Special Topics 15 One advantage of the High-Velocity Transient-Field HVTF with respect to the standard TF technique is brought by the potential for much higher magnetic field strengths at higher velocities. Higher fields significantly increase the sensitivity, enabling the application of the method to less intense radioactive beams.

However, the lack of experimental data for the characterization of the TF strength at high-velocity imposes limitations. The states of interest, usually populated via Coulomb excitation, either in conventional [1,2,3] or inverse kinematics [4,5] reactions, subsequently traverse a polarized ferromagnetic layer, in which they experience a strong magnetic field of the order of thousands of Tesla.

The strength of the transient field cannot be calculated from first principles, so several parameterizations have been proposed. Each parameterization needs to be tuned to experimental data. Most of the TF measurements up to now have been carried out under conditions where the nuclei of interest move in the ferromagnetic layer at. The polarized electron capture model e. The parameterization is described by the formula.

BTF is a function of the Z and the velocity of the moving ion, and the nature of the ferromagnetic host. There are several compilations of transient-field strength measurements, mainly limited to velocities well below vK. Measurements at, and above, vK have been reported for carbon [], neon [10] magnesium [11], and sulphur [12].

The results from [14] show that at high velocities the TF is essentially unknown for higher Z values. The interest in application of the TF technique to high velocities lies in the potential for higher magnetic fields than those obtained in the standard velocity regime.

In particular, some radioactive species can be produced only in intermediate-energy fragmentation reactions, with the fragments moving with velocities in the high velocity regime. Higher energy projectiles also allow for the use of thicker targets and ferromagnetic layers, resulting in. The first one, run I carried out with a 78Kr beam, used seven HPGe detectors and a circular particle detector; in the second one run II , with a 74Ge beam, eight HPGe detectors and a segmented particle detector were used.

The geometry of the two experiments was very similar, see Fig. The accelerated beam, provided by the Superconducting Cyclotron CS at LNS, was impinging on the gadolinium target, used both for the Coulomb excitation and as ferromagnet. In both runs, two different target thicknesses were used: In all cases the targets were cooled well below the Curie temperature. For this last target, in an HVTF experiment with 76Ge [14] no effect was observed, so we decided to cross-check the result. The target was polarized with an electromagnet providing a field of G. The direction of the field was reversed every 10 minutes, approximately.

The detectors were pointing at the target and positioned at a distance of 24 cm 20 cm during run II. Consequently, the unperturbed angular correlation of the emitted radiation can be precisely determined from Coulomb excitation theory [15,16]. The main difference between the set-ups of the two runs was the particle detector.

In run I, a mm circular detector was used. An aluminum H-shaped mask, as shown in Fig. Particle detector mask, run I. For run II we used an eight-fold segmented plastic detector, see Fig. The segmented detector increases the count rate capability of the experiment and allows us to evaluate the extent to which measuring azimuthal angular correlations can increase the sensitivity of the HVTF method.

The annular shape allowed the beam to pass through the detector and to stop in a Faraday cup positioned downstream, far from the HPGe detectors, in order to decrease the background radiation. Segmented particle detector left and mask right , run II. A fully digital acquisition system was used, composed of five TNT2D cards. These cards were designed to work directly with the signals from the preamplifiers of the Ge detectors, sampling the input signals with a frequency of MHz, corresponding to a sample each 10 ns. The coincidence trigger ensured pure Coulomb excitation and contributed to clean the energy spectra from the random background.

Building the matrix time-difference versus Ge energy it was possible to estimate precisely the prompt conditions and to reduce the random coincidences recorded in the coincidence window. The same method was used to gate the energy of the particle detector. Multiplicity-one filter and random events subtraction following time gating was also performed. Efficiency calibration, necessary to obtain a reliable angular distribution, was performed before and after the experiment with a Eu source positioned in the reaction chamber at the target position.

An example is shown in Fig. Angular distribution for 78Kr, without RIV, theory solid line versus experiment points. A simple intuitive model can explain this effect. Coulomb excitation, under the conditions of this experiment, produces a well-oriented prolate spin distribution [17]. The case of no selection dashed line is gives as comparison. This angle is small enough to allow us to consider that, as a first approximation, the precession due to the RIV hyperfine fields is around the z-axis. We thus explain the disagreement between the theoretical angular distribution and the experimental results shown in Fig.

The angular distribution shown in Fig. The so obtained theoretical curve is in good agreement with the experimental points. Angular distribution for 78Kr, theory solid line versus experiment points , with effects RIV included. We can place a limit on the transient field strength for the krypton in gadolinium. From the analysis of the results obtained using germanium and zinc as probes [14] a new parameterization of the polarization p1s is suggested. There is a strong indication that the polarization drops very fast as the Z of the projectile increases. This result is important for the use of the TF technique for heavy ions at high velocities: The importance of the recoil-in-vacuum effect on azimuthal angular correlations has been evaluated.

Nevertheless, in some situations the RIV effect is absent, e. When such radioactive isotopes become available with sufficiently high intensities, the HVTF technique could take advantage of considerably enhanced sensitivity from the measurement of azimuthal angular correlations. The null result for the iron ferromagnetic target, already observed in another HVTF experiment with heavy ions [14], was confirmed. The reason for such behavior is still to be investigated, but it must stem from the polarization transfer mechanism [19], and may have the same origin as the lower than expected fields observed in the gadolinium target.

C 63, C 57, A , Lett B A , 1 C 68, C, 69, Final neutron yield per solid angle and per kinetic energy bin as obtained from the analysis of the liquid scintillator data in the test run. In particular, some global observables and their correlations, able to characterise the pattern of central collisions, have been constructed, in event-by-event mode, in order to disentangle about the competition between residues of fusion-evaporation processes and clusters produced by the decay of a well defined if any transient nuclear system undergoing multifragmentation.

The description of the method adopted to select central collisions and some new results are presented. In particular, in this paper we explore central collisions where the formation of single highly excited sources are expected. The region of small impact parameter at. Events were registered when the Silicon detectors of at least two telescopes were fired.

A crude selection on the particle multiplicity of charged particles is not able to fully disentangle central collisions from more semi-peripheral ones; a much better. The obscured zone reflects events that we discard in our analysis. In order to isolate and to elucidate better this contribution to the emission of fragments and to understand the origin of the events characterized by presence of this heavy fragment, in fig. To better characterize these central events we performed a correlation between the longitudinal component i. This correlation is shown in fig.

This fragments are good candidates for representing evaporation residues. Our analysis shows that the biggest fragment with mass 60 uma or larger is preferentially emitted together with light particles and a few lighter fragments. This behaviour can be deduced through the fig. Therefore, we interpret events with such a big residue as formation of an equilibrated compound system of primary mass evaluated around amu, which sequentially evaporates light particles. Quantitative evaluations to quote the associated cross sections are in progress.

IMF a and light particle b multiplicity for central events where the biggest fragment has mass larger than 60 amu. Among the events in the lower part of fig. We made a further selection of these events by imposing cuts on high values of fragment multiplicity MIMF. We notice that, in such events, the probability for the presence of massive fragments is still not vanishing. However, as the multiplicity MIMF is increased, the mass distributions of the three biggest fragments in each event show the characteristic features of typical multifragmentation events with the tendency towards the splitting of the system in fragments with equal masses.

However, further studies are required to sign unambiguously the origin of these fragments. The adopted selection method for central collisions is discussed, and different observables and correlations have been analyzed in order to study the competition among different reaction processes. In particular mass and velocity distributions of the emitted fragments and some global variables like multiplicity of IMFs and light particles, theta flow angle, kinetic energy loss, have been analysed in order to characterize the selected events.

Our analysis, still in progress, is mainly devoted to disentangle fusion-evaporation from multifragmentation of sources formed in central collisions. A 30, and references therein. A and references therein. Evidences of Tuasi-free mechanism in the 9Be d,d8Be n R. Szanto de Toledod, Q. The preliminary results are here presented. These isotopes are destroyed by nuclear fusion reactions at different depths inside stars corresponding to temperatures near 2. Thus the surface zone in which each element is preserved have different dimension; the amount of each element remaining on the stellar surface indicates the nature of the mixing and how deep the mixing has been [1,2].

Due to the exponential suppression, the behavior of the direct cross sections at astrophysical energies are usually extrapolated from that at higher energies by using the definition of the astrophysical factor.

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Nevertheless this extrapolation procedure can introduce some uncertainties due, for example, to the presence of unexpected sub-threshold resonances or electron-screening effects [3]. However, in recent years, many indirect methods have been developed in order to extract the S E -factor without extrapolations. In particular the THM [] is a powerful tool which selects, under appropriate kinematical conditions, the quasi-free QF contribution of a suitable three-body reaction performed at energies well above the Coulomb barrier to extract a charged particle two-body cross section at astrophysical energies, free of Coulomb suppression.

The method has proven to be particularly suited for acquiring information on charged-particle induced reaction cross-sections at astrophysical energies, since it allows to overcome the Coulomb-barrier of the two-body entrance channel. One can briefly describe the method as follows more details can be found in refs. A projectile a strikes a target nucleus A, whose wave function has a large amplitude for a s-b cluster configuration. In order to completely determine the kinematical properties of the spectator s, the other two particles have to be detected and identified and their energies and angles of emission measured.

In the plane wave impulse approximation the three body cross section can be expressed as: In order to have a complete knowledge of the two channels which dominate the 9Be burning in stellar environments the study of the 9Be p,d 8Be reaction is required. The results are shown in picture 1. The displacement of the experimental setup sketched in fig. Energy and position signals for the detected particles were processed by standard electronics and sent to the acquisition system for on-line monitoring. The Tandem Van de Graaf. The position and energy calibration of the detector involved were performed by using the data from different reactions and Au 6Li,6Li Au reactions induced at a beam energy of 10 MeV and 16 MeV.

A standard alfasource of 5. The relative energy of the two alphas detected on DPSD arising from the 8Be decay was reconstructed using standard kinematics. A peak around 90 keV shows up and it is due to that decay fig. For particles, thus the further analysis only the 8Be indentified, were used. After such 8Be selection the kinematic locus of 8Be vs. It is then clear how within the experimental errors the theoretical curve reproduces experimental data, thus confirming the hypothesis that the neutron is acting as a spectator and that the process under investigation is quasi-free.

After particle identification and with the assumption of mass number 1 for the undetected third particle, the kinematical locus of events fig. Events below this peak were then selected as coming from the 2 H 9Be, p8Be n and used for the further analysis. Momentum distribution for the neutron spectator to the quasi-free process. The solid line represents the momentum distribution resulting form the Hulthen function. Kinematic locus of the 8Be energy versus the d energy.

It can be pointed out that the number of events within the kinematic cut is rather small. Nevertheless it will be investigated whether is present a quasi-free mechanism as required from the THM prescriptions. In order to do this according to the prescriptions in [7,8] the momentum distribution of the third and un-detected particle will be examined. This will give a major constraint for the presence of the quasi-free mechanism and the possible application of the THM.

In figure 5 the momentum distribution of the third particle a neutron is plotted. It was obtained as reported. Momentum distribution width as a function of the transferred momentum defined in [8[. The red triangle represents the value arising from present data. The spectator momentum full width at half maximum, measured from figure 5 is then reported in figure 6 red triangle as a function of the transferred momentum qt.

Also in this case the trend seen in [8] is confirmed. The present result, although the lack of statistics clearly shows that the QF mechanism is present and is separable from the others present in the target. Then further experimental runs are necessary to extract the. This will be done in the next future.

On the other hand, fluorine abundance observed in giants can constrain AGB star models since it is strictly connected to the mixing processes standard and extra-mixing taking place inside AGB stars [1]. Anyway, the highest values of the observed 19F enhancements in the stellar atmosphere are not matched by the models, thus further investigations focusing on fluorine production in AGB stars are highly required. Primary sources of uncertainty in predicting fluorine abundances in AGB stars are both the treatment of the mixing phenomena and the associated nucleosynthesis at the bottom of the convective envelope and the adopted reaction rates [1,2].

Its reaction rate is determined by the contribution of several resonances and by a non-resonant term. The accuracy of these data is questioned in [3], as far as the absolute normalization is concerned. This figure shows that the contribution from scattered 19F beam particles is clearly separated from the oxygen locus. A sketch of the QF process through which the cross section of the binary reaction is demonstrated in Fig. It consisted of a telescope devoted to oxygen detection, made up of an ionization chamber IC and a silicon position sensitive detector PSD 1 on one side with respect to the beam direction.

No threshold was introduced in the 16O detection by the ionization chamber. Four additional silicon PSDs were placed on the opposite side with respect to the beam direction. Angular conditions were selected in order to maximize the expected QF contribution. Kinematic locus from the PSD coincidence. They can be easily disentangled as they are well separated in Fig. By means of a graphical cut the events corresponding to the loci marked as 1 , 2 and 4 have been excluded from the following analysis.

To check for the presence of further background and to evaluate the accuracy of the performed calibrations, the experimental Q-value has been extracted and compared with the theoretical one. It is shown in Fig. The presence of a single and symmetric peak, centred at the expected Q-value, rule out the occurrence of significant systematic errors.

Q-value from the PSD coincidence, obtained by singling out the spurious contributions observed in Fig. The THM, however, requires for its application that the diagram in Fig. Therefore the QF mechanism has to be identified and disentangled in the overall reaction yield. This is accomplished by a thorough study of the reaction dynamics to select those kinematical regions where QF is dominant.

No horizontal loci appear in the lower panel, ruling out any contribution from 5He sequential decay. While the 20Ne levels are possible candidates for a population via a QF process compare Fig. Experimental neutron momentum distribution black dots compared with the expected one. Deviations show that in such phase space region processes other than QF take place, which have to be excluded in the subsequent analysis. To this reason the E12 vs. Indeed, only horizontal loci of decreasing intensity as ps increases can be described as product of a QF process.

This is absolutely coherent with what is observed in Fig. The 17O states contributing to the coincidence yield are marked with an arrow in Fig. Regarding 20Ne levels, additional evidence is needed to make their QF nature clear. A way to discriminate between SD and QF events is through the study of the reaction yield as a function of the neutron momentum ps [7,8].

Indeed, only if the deuteron breakup process is direct, the neutron momentum distribution keeps the same shape as inside deuteron. Thus, the agreement between the shape of the deuteron momentum distribution and the experimental one is a compelling evidence of the occurrence of the QF mechanism. This cross section clearly shows a resonance behaviour, in particular the peak centred at about keV can be attributed to the overlap of the The two peak at lower energies can be due to the population of the Therefore, the modified R-matrix approach [10] has to be applied to.

A 3 H. A [6] M. La Cognata et al. C 60 [8] M. C 76 [10] M. Abstract - At temperatures 0. Anyway, previous determinations of the reaction rate show an untenable disagreement. In this work, an updated critical analysis as of the conflicting cross section data sets used for the existing reaction rate calculations as well as of the following recent measurements is performed. A new reaction rate calculation is proposed for the intervals of astrophysical interest.

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The analytic expression of the present-work recommended reaction rate is given. When the temperature got below about 0. Conditions suitable for the r-process could also be realized in different scenarios,. The production of 8Li radioactive projectiles is the first fundamental step of the experimental cross section determination see e. In recent years, various measurements have been attempted using different detection techniques.

An exhaustive review can be found in La Cognata et al. The ranges of center-of-mass energy where the bulk of the reaction rate in each relevant Tg interval originates from can be singled out from Eq. Considering the typical temperatures involved, this procedure candidates the center-of-mass energy ranges 0.

In both cases the necessary cross section data inside these relevant astrophysical ranges could not be measured. The broken solid lines depict the Jo data from Paradellis et al. The shaded grey bands schematically mark the energy ranges of interest for the BBN 0. The horizontal bars set the energy averaging intervals, corresponding to the indicated number of open branches Nbr. The short dashed line is the linear fit to the data. These two partially overlapping sets of cross section data are shown in Fig. This inclusive data does not cover the range of interest for BBN. The extrapolation below the lowest energy 0.

The analytical expression of RGu as a function of T9 is given in Gu et al. The other reaction rate estimate was deduced from an exclusive coincidence measurement of both 11B and The neutron Mizoi et al. This data set is shown in Fig. The resulting reaction rate, denoted here as RMizoi, is shown in Fig. The analytical expression of RMizoi as a function of T9 is given in Mizoi et al. Again, by considering the shaded grey bands in Fig. For a detailed comparison, Fig. At the temperatures of interest for the BBN, 0. Instead, at temperatures 2.

Indeed, the inclusive cross section from Gu et al. This point will be reconsidered later on in this text. No calculation of the reaction rate is reported in Ishiyama et al. The comparison with the inclusive data in Fig. The reason for the inclusive and exclusive cross section data in Fig. In the exclusive measurements by Mizoi et al. In La Cognata et al. Consequently, the exclusive experiments Mizoi et al. Instead, the inclusive 11B measurements Boyd et al. Therefore, even considering the recent data Ishiyama et al. On the other hand, the close agreement in Fig.

Moreover, in La Cognata et al. Therefore, calculating the reaction rate through the inclusive cross section data continues to constitute the only presently practicable approach. The dotted line is instead the result of the present-work reaction rate calculation. The shaded grey bands schematically mark the temperature ranges of interest for the primordial nucleosynthesis 0. The line styles are the same as in a 8. In this section, a new and improved extrapolation procedure of the inclusive cross section data Boyd et al.

Accordingly, depending on Ecm, and considering also the 11B ground state, it is reasonable to conclude that at most 10 reaction branches are involved in the reaction events observed by Boyd et al. In the following step, the number of reaction branches Nbr has been assumed to be the order parameter. The ordering center-of-mass energy intervals corresponding to each Nbr-value have been deduced from La Cognata et al.

Then, having in mind that. The horizontal bars mark the width of each ordering energy bin. Moreover, such a sub-interval is located only 0. The extrapolated curve is shown in Fig. The narrow light-grey band around it denotes the statistical uncertainty affecting the extrapolated cross section. The good agreement in the whole energy range further corroborates the reliability of the adopted procedure.

At higher temperatures, where the r-process is supposed to take place, a fair agreement between our and the RGu Gu et al. Instead, both are in total disagreement with RMizoi. This fact suggests that the analytical expression of RMizoi recommended by Mizoi et al. Although these inclusive measurements cover the broad centre-of-mass energy range 0. Consequently, in the previous estimate RGu using these data Gu et al. Its close to linear dependence down to energies right at the border of the BBN bin attributes a high confidence level to the extrapolation performed accordingly.

For future applications, the present-work recommended reaction rate, resulting from numerical integration according to Eq. For instance, present work strongly supports the prediction in Sasaqui et al. Methods A , RN. A 20, RH. D 70, A. Del Zoppo et al. Methods A , X. B , 31 G. C 29, RD. Wiley- VCH Ishiyama et al. B , 82 T. It is worth to remark once again that this new reaction rate determination is still based on the extrapolation of the cross section trend below 0. Though it calls for new astrophysical calculations, on the other hand it makes clear the importance of new and improved measurements, aiming to cover of the low-energy region of the reaction cross section.

Phys 37, J. D 73, 6 R. D 72, Y. C 62, T. A , T. This reaction could play an important role in explaining heavy elements s-process nucleosynthesis in various astrophysical scenario. To overcome the practical problems arising from the neutrons production, a new application of the Trojan Horse Method has been recently suggested. However, only few direct measurements are reported in literature, showing discordances at neutron thermal energy range []. Depending on the reactor, these materials are present as normal or impurity components of fuel element, cooling water or structural materials.

The 14C pollution in nuclear reactor is one of the most serious. Indeed, it is released to the environment as carbon dioxide and, because carbon is one of the principal constituent of the living matter, it is easily absorbed by the living organisms [5]. For all these reasons, a detailed measurement of the cross section in the energy range from 0 up to a few hundred keV is needed. In these energy region, several states of. However, the measurement of the cross section in the reactions involving the neutrons present two principal problems: The aim of this work is to show how the application of the indirect method of the Trojan Horse Method THM [10,11] allows to use the deuteron quasi-free QF breakup as a source of virtual neutrons.

Basically, the QF break-up mechanisms are direct processes in which the interaction between an impinging nucleus and the target can cause the break-up of the target TBU or, that is the same, of the projectile PBU [15]. The method allows one to measure the. Recently, an extension of the method itself has been proposed, i. A schematical view of the used detection setup is shown in Figure 1. The positioning of the setup was chosen in order to cover the phase-space region where a strong contribution of the QF reaction mechanism is expected from a previous Monte Carlo simulation.

A symmetric displacement of the setup with respect to the beam axis was chosen due to increase the statistic. The ICs were filled with Two thin mylar foils respectively of 0. Their thickness was chosen to minimize the angular straggling. The telescopes were devoted to 14C detection while the other PSDs were used as alpha particle detectors.

Energy and position signals for the detected particles were processed by standard electronics and sent to the acquisition system, allowing the on-line monitoring of the experiment and the data storage for the off-line analysis. To fix the angular range covered, an equally spaced grid was mounted in front of each PSD and the angular position of each grid determined by using a theodolite. The position and energy calibrations were then performed using two kind of beams: By means of the energy conservation law, the experimental Q-value spectrum for the selected events was also reconstructed Figure 3.

Experimental Qvalue in agreement with the theoretical prediction of For the following analysis only the events falling inside the Q-value experimental peak will be taken in account. After the identification of the 3-body channel of interest, it is necessary to discriminate the QF reaction mechanism among the other reaction mechanisms, as sequential decay and direct break-up, feeding the same particles in the final states.

These plots Figure 4 show very clear vertical loci due to the excitation of the compound nucleus 18O on the variable Ec. On the contrary no evidence of the population of 15N and 5Li levels was detected. After this study, we can proceed with the further steps of the analysis and, in particular, with the selection of the events coming from the QF-mechanism.

The QF-mechanism is connected with the behaviour of the undetected third particle in the exit channel. An observable sensitive to the reaction mechanism is the momentum distribution for the relative p-n motion in the deuteron. For such reason, the experimental momentum distribution has been determined following the standard procedure described in [12]. Selecting then a small energy region where the two-body cross section can be assumed almost constant, the three-body coincidence yield corrected for the phase-space factor will be proportional to the momentum distribution.

MeV lin A 7. After the QF selection, the experimental coincidence yield Figure 6 has been studied. It shows up the contribution of several 18O excited levels, mainly in the energy range of our interest, keV. The levels marked as A and B are subthreshold while the level C is inhibited in direct data [] because of the centrifugal barrier, that can be described through the formula. In 2 , l is the initial state, Jl kr and nl kr are respectively the spherical Bessel and Neumann functions, k is the 17O-n relative momentum and r is the channel radius it was used for the 17O a value of 3.

The full dots are the experimental data, the horizontal error bars represent the integration energy bin, the vertical bars take into account the statistical error, the black line is the result of a fit using five Gaussian that are shown as red dashed line. The future aim of this work is focused on extracting the resonance strength of the subthreshold level and in determining its contribution on the total reaction rate.

Moreover, the presence of the 8. The arrows indicate the levels listed in Table 1. C44 6 , [2] H. C58 5 , [4] J. C65 3 , [5] M-S Yim and F. Caron, Progress in nuclear energy 48 1 , [6] J. A, c [9] M. C60, [11] C. C69, [12] M. G37, [13] L. A, 49 [16] G. A, 67 [18] M. A25, [20] R. C80, [21] F. A, 1 [22] C. Rodney, Cauldrons in the Cosmos, Univ. An introductory experiment to heavy-ions nuclear reaction measurements M.

It seems that this experience represents a good opportunity to introduce students into the experimental Nuclear Physics world. In particular, for graduate students attending to Nuclear Physics Master Degree, it is extremely important to deal with electronics, detectors and acquisition systems in conditions directly related to typical and dynamical problems of experiments. Since the possibility to use the LNS Tandemaccelerator facilities has been open for teaching purposes so that, at university of Catania, we had the unique opportunity to profit of a well qualified structure, equipped with many beam lines and measure points.

In this light, an experiment conclusive of the Nuclear Physics Laboratory Course , has been performed together with the related students, each year. In past year the experiment has been devoted to study some reactions at low energies [1,2]. In particular, students were requested to study the three nuclear reactions: After the mounting phase and assembling the detection systems inside the LNS scattering chamber, students participated to the tuning of electronics, and to data-taking phase, and finally they were strongly involved in the data reduction and analysis.

Elastic scattering angular distributions have been obtained and compared with Rutherford prediction and previous measurements reported in literature. For the same system, an analysis of evaporation residues emitted in fusion-evaporation events has been done. A beam of 16O with an intensity up to 70 nA at 84 MeV bombarding energy was delivered by the Tandem accelerator.

Targets and detectors were mounted on the LNS chamber, that is furnished of two movable arms, where the detectors were installed. The detectors used in this experiment were: Alignment of the ToF arm was checked by means of a theodolite. This system was mounted on the first movable arm of LNS chamber.

A sketch of the experimental configuration is shown in figure1. Geometrical sketch not in scale of the detection systems mounted inside the LNS Chamber during the Didattica experiment. The electronic chain used was a standard, NIM based, modular electronics [6], constituted by charge and current pre-amplifiers sited in the experimental hall Ortec mod.

M18 - 14 ans, espionne

A sketch of the electronic chain is given in Figure 2. Off line analysis was performed mainly by using the PAW environment [8], a widely used modern tool to perform data analysis especially in Nuclear and Sub-nuclear physics communities. To find the elastic scattering angular distribution, elastic peak counts have been normalized to the integrated total charge of the beam detected by the Faraday Cup and read by a NIM-scaler for each angle measured in laboratory frame. We used both telescope and ToF silicon detectors to extract elastic scattering angular distributions. Geometrical efficiency was estimated carefully for both silicon detectors.

A check of the performed normalizations was done by using the monitor Si detector. Angular distributions were transformed from the laboratory frame to the centre of mass frame by means of standard kinematics relationship [9]. Experimental data are shown as red dots, while blue line is the results of a simple Optical Model fit performed by using the FRESCO code [3] and assuming only real and imaginary parts for the optical potential.

The obtained fit parameters are in agreement with previous estimates reported in literature [12]. Enegy calibration was done by performing also some short runs at 72 and 96 MeV bombarding energy. The obtained correlation channel-energy is linear for Si detectors used, at least in the energy interval considered. For this reason, a linear relationship to calibrate in energy Si detectors was used. TAC was calibrated in nanoseconds by adding various known delays before the stop signal. The absolute time offset, t0, was obtained by calculating the theoretical time of flight predicted for elastically scattered Oxygen ions.

The blue line represents the results of an optical model fit. The plot is given in MeV vs ns. The compound nucleus, 43Sc, is expected to have an excitation energy around We suggested to the students to extract the energy spectra of evaporation residues of a given observed mass by means of graphical cuts on the scatter plot of Figure 5. These energy spectra are shown in Figure 6, together with the prediction red line of the recoil velocity of the evaporation residue in a simplified complete fusion scheme: ER having masses larger than 37 amu are peaked at energy values similar to those predicted by this simple formula, validating the hypothesis that they are emitted in complete fusion events.

The spectra have been also compared with prediction of the statistical code PACE IV [4]; the shape of experimental energy spectra and calculated ones are in quite good agreement. Students transformed the Energy-Tof scatter plot in an Energy-mass scatter plot; they did it easily by means of kinematical relationship and by knowing with precision the base of flight length. Energy-mass correlation is shown in Figure 5. The red line is the prediction of ER recoil energy in a complete fusion scheme. Various lines are clearly distinguishable, due to the quite good timing performances of the Time of Flight arm.

The drop of lines at low energies can be attributed to plasma delay and pulse height defect phenomena in surface barrier Si detectors [1,6]. Oxigen line, with elastic peak near 80 MeV is clearly seen. At the same time, various lines at higher estimated mass value can be. It was interesting also to observe that, by selecting with a graphical cut the 16O line in figure 5 and projecting the energy spectrum of 16O nuclei, beyond the elastic scattering peak some less pronounced peaks appear.

Centroids of these peaks correspond to the excited state of 27 Al nucleus; it seems therefore that these peaks can be associated to inelastic scattering of 16O on 27Al, leaving the target nucleus into an excited state. At the end of this experience, considering the results obtained and enthusiastic participation of students we believe that main aims have been reached successfully; we hope that this opportunity could increase their interests in the experimental nuclear physics field.

PierPaolo Figuera for their help during the mounting phase of the experiment. C 21 [5] J. A [8] http: Young, Nuclear Reaction Analysis: Graphs and Tables, North Holland [10] O. A [11] M. Nicoli et al, Phys. C 61 [12] B. Back et al, Nucl.