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Of course you can! In that time, I've helped build a couple of warp weighted looms, and we've managed to weave just enough cloth on them at various displays to make 1 over shoulder bag. One of the women in a group I was in in Canberra managed the stirling task of weaving enough cloth to make 1 woollen tunic for herself, which was many tens of hours of work, after which the time to sew the tunic by hand was negligible. She's now trying to spin enough wool by hand to have enough to weave another one entirely from handspun wool.
Until recently in South America, you would notice in the high andes that the local women were constantly spinning with drop spindles. All the time, whenever you were not doing some other crucial task, you picked up your spindle and used it. If you ever look at the lists that people published of what you're going to need to take the Oregon Trail often riddled with errors or suppositions , you get a grasp of what it really took to make that sort of trip which is probably the closest in time to really understanding what it is like to be on your own.
And even then, settlers had to bargain for food along the way, hunt their own, and abandon precious or necessary items along the journey. I keep thinking that some entrepreneurs could have made some money by having fresh horses from the destination, going back along the trail for a couple of weeks to scavenge items. After all, how long did it take someone to get a full-sized anvil to the Oregon Territory? Or all of the rest of the blacksmithing tools? You can make a lot, but you have to have some basics first The huge bottleneck in cloth production was getting the fiber into yarn, much less thread, so it could be woven or knit.
Every woman was a spinster until the burden of kiddies supplanted that job, and there were no moments free of spindle or knitting needles after that, either. Weavers were commonly men, which may have been practical - how much upper-body strength did it take to raise the heddles, throw the shuttle, and beat the weave on those heavy floor looms early on? The spinning jenny was a technological advancement greeted with great dismay, though its quality of yarn was not good to begin with.
One person could replace eight spinsters with the original. I've recommended this here before, but to take it back to the dawn of civilization, Elizabeth Wayland Barber's Women's work: It delights me that one of her names is Wayland. The Wikipedia article on khadi is enlightening. Part of the British colonial system in India was to produce cotton, export it to British factories, and then sell the cloth or clothing back to the colonies. They still do a lot of spinning in some parts of the Andes, due to some work by indigenous people who value textiles highly.
There's a woman named Abby Franquemont who was partly raised in that culture, and teaches spinning in the US and elsewhere in the English-speaking world. She writes a lot about this kind of thing. All those ships' sails that were handspun with spindles and handwoven before the Industrial Revolution.
I never thought of that before she ranted about how we undervalue textiles. Anyway, I found a blog post of hers that seems like a good summary of growing up in such a society. Her most recent post is a heartbreaking and thought-provoking post about how she had to suddenly go to Peru to bury her mother, who was there for the last Tinkuy de Tejedores.
Like a conference for indigenous weavers. So this is part, in my opinion, of why Andean techniques work the way they do — every spinner is like that, and every spinner finds ways to be able to spin during all the possible moments one might do so. So imagine if you spun with the time you might spend biting your nails, doodling on a notepad, waiting to stir the soup, waiting to pick up your kid from school, waiting for the bus… you would be surprised what you get done, and how easy it would become!
Another time-consuming task that will probably get a lot more effortless, is getting from place to place. We're at the dawn of the self-driving car era, and we're also starting to see more and more situations where you Just Don't Need To Go There. I work from home -- no commute. If I want to see what's on a particular street corner, I usually can see it from Google street view.
If I want entertainment, there's an awful lot I can do without leaving home. If I want to see entertainment with friends, I do need to go somewhere or convince them to come to me. Lots of things are delivered, increasingly including groceries and anything else at all that I want to buy. Technologies are emerging that will let me print up whatever object I want at home. Then people are finally starting to figure out things about urban and suburban design that mean that the things I'd probably want to go to are much more likely to be within easy walking distance.
I've done handspinning demonstrations on and off for years. I mostly use a spinning wheel, but occasionally someone watching wonders aloud what they did before the spinning wheel was invented. Then I pull out my spindle and stand up and show them how to walk around a spin, and talk about spinning while heading to market or watching the sheep. The appropriate people are impressed. The others just wander off. I once thought of spinning enough wool to weave a cloak. And that I lacked the patience to try.
I saved the yarn and later dyed it and knitted it into a sweater. I did once spin a mile of wool in a day during a challenge. It took me 10 hours of pretty continuous spinning. I'm a competent spinner, but not super fast. I tried to do the same thing with cotton, but only managed a kilometer. Cotton takes much more twist and time to spin decently.
It's all given me a right fair appreciation of the effort needed to produce clothing before the industrial revolution. In yesterday's Washington Post, the "Day in Photos" feature included a couple of snaps of people participating in a Stone Age re-enactment camp experience in Germany. Here is one of them: The caption noted that the woman was working on a "primitive boat", but what I noticed was that the dress she's wearing is almost certainly machine sewn, and also glasses.
To say nothing of the next picture, which shows some of her colleagues shopping in a supermarket. Surely it matters what breakdown or disaster or whatever you're imagining. Modern technology requires a lot of knowledge and capital and social arrangements that you simply can't replicate on your own, or even in a small community. You're not going to be fabbing your own microprocessors or synthesizing your own recombinant insulin in your little survivalist enclave, for example. Those are things that really only work in pretty large societies, where you can afford a fair bit of specialization.
Survivors after some horrible civilization-ending disaster will inevitably be living off their capital for a long time to come. Part of that capital will be knowledge--a community of a few hundred survivors probably can't sustain advanced education, which means that the town doctor and engineer and pharmacist represent a huge amount of capital which depreciates as they age.
Eventually, their apprentices will learn from them, but probably not nearly as well as they would have from specialist university programs with genuine experts in everything from solid-state physics to virology to organic chemistry available to teach them. And getting back to abi's starting point with this post, it's interesting to think about the materials and skills that are all but invisible to us. What happens when your clothing wears out? Or when you run out of paper? One of my favorite thoughts along these lines involve all the stuff that's done by all first world countries as a matter of course, but that is very seldom noticed.
Think of flood and fire control projects, or public health regs that regulate what you can do with your sewage, or the fact that stray dogs in the US are rounded up and almost all dogs and cats are vaccinated for rabies and we even distribute baits with rabies vaccine in them for wild animals! Think about what it looks like when all that stuff stops because of social breakdown of some sort. The problem with any post-apocalyptic analysis is that tends to assume a complete implosion of society.
If you look at history, this is practically unprecedented. Most PA thinking in our society grows out of the idea of nuclear annihilation, which is, naturally, unprecedented, but I think that ignores the inertia of human society in all, but the worst, circumstances. If there's a major disaster, people will do their damnedest to keep the lights on.
Smaller functions like animal control will go by the wayside, and they'll be missed. But I think the Peak Oil doomers and other of a similar vein may be surprised by the resilience of modern society. I don't think we disagree here; I think we're just approaching the issue from two different directions. Very worst case I die inarguably, fast or slow. Something like "neighborhood star goes supernova" or "massive exchange of nuclear warheads.
Most cases, enough people are resilient enough that we could reconstruct a chunk of society and build back up. Although some things don't work well without extreme precision. The amount of iron impurity that ruins a solar cell is parts per trillion, I discovered the other day.
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I was learning about "ways your pasta wheat can kill you" at work last week, and all I could think was "thank goodness for the USDA," because cadmium and blight happen whether you have a big farm or a small one. The joke then goes, "this is why the anarchists should organize the communities and the socialists should organize the infrastructure, so I can have my little utopic egalitarian community AND not get food poisoning.
Today I once again ran across "rich person decides their life is superficial and unsatisfying, decides to live like peasant" and it occurred to me, for the most part you have to choose, don't you, between "superficial" and precarious minding that plenty of people living both romanticizeable-but-harder and prosaic-but-easier kinds of lives find them good.
Of course, the best case is also that "Everybody dies. I am inordinately fond of a T-shirt from Threadless which says on a carnivalesque banner, under a dapper skeleton, "Enjoy the Wonders of Life! I have a friend who weaves wraps and does other crafts to sell. One of these days I'm going to have enough money to buy something of her making.
More potentially dystopic answers could include "eating" if Soylent or its progeny take off , "sleeping" that can cut a bunch of ways, good or bad , or "traveling" OK, that one probably isn't dystopic if it means transporter beams. Fascinating book on overromanticizing preindustrial living: Her description of their first days in the Maine wilderness, living in a tent and her son getting blood poisoning from an infection, were quite unnerving.
When the disasters they expected failed to arrive after five years, she returned to the developed economy. Her ex-husband stayed in the log cabin they built-although he added electricity and central heating. An interesting work about survivalism from a repentant point of view. I apologize for being all trivial when everyone else is talking about apocalypse and the gendered nature of work and important things, but, as it is an open thread Well after the "Making Light" apocalypse of the s, those who lived before it and managed not to perish still recall the disaster.
No problem, the thinking went-- we can always simply start a new one. It was even a reason for celebration-- a renewal of creativity and conversation. Some writers even started anticipating what theme best went with the next increment. And that we'd reach a critical mass at reaching that milestone. If we'd only known, we'd not have wasted the threads so blithely. What exactly happened at Open Thread is still something no one's managed to completely explain.
And even the consonants that weren't lost were thrown into chaos. Of the folks who lived, no one was able to comprehend anyone else's speech or writing for weeks. We've painstakingly recovered coherent sentences since then. Still, the expressive range we've recovered is only a shadow of what it once was. The man waved his hand. I hope we'll recover it someday. I'm personally hoping that there's no Open Thread No, I'm not hoping for disaster: I'm hoping for Open Thread CC.
If you want to know why I think that's such a cool idea, have a look at Open Thread C. I'm almost 40, and my overflowing closets still have garments from my high school years, which I still wear and which have still not gotten threadbare. While textile work is certain to become important in a shit-hits-the-fan scenario, the lag between disaster striking and us needing to start weaving and spinning and sewing is pretty long. I am told that my great-grandfather, an immigrant from Norway, was sending material assistance to his relatives as Norway was getting back on its feet after World War II.
One of the things he sent was fabric. In case of apocalypse, I am looting JoAnn's. Not just for the bolts of fleece and sewing supplies, but because sometime after things settle down, there's going to be a kid who wants a princess dress or a cape or a special birthday outfit. I've struggled a bit with my no-products-right-now Etsy shop and pricing wedding handkerchiefs. On the one hand, my time and expertise are worth something. On the other hand, people are not aware of this. With their smart phones and laptops. One of these characters was totally shocked when I said that if the entire world goes apocalyptic, I will die.
I'm dependent on modern medicine to survive. He kept saying, "but what about? Again, we have the transport problem because those herbs do not grow here. I have gotten the distinct feeling that a lot of these I'm going to send this marvelous but of info to them. And wait to see how long it takes them to dismiss the issue because "someone will figure it out. And now clothing availability can be added to the list of things that will "always be there". A lot of people don't make it to 40 without either outgrowing or wearing out their clothes from high school.
And "outgrowing" shouldn't be taken as a synonym for "getting fat", either -- a lot of both men and women have significant figure changes as they move from late adolescence into full adulthood. I went from rangy to curvy; I've known a number of men who got quite a bit broader in the shoulders and chest. You can see the same thing happen in both cats and dogs during their second year. The body proportions and head shape of a 3-year-old cat are quite different from those of the same cat at 1 year.
The Oregon Trail museum out near the Idaho border has a great section about packing your wagon. One activity lets kids put blocks representing items family china, wood stove, barrel of flour into a model wagon. A panel nearby has doors for each item, which you could open for a bit of advice. He attended a presentation by a family that decided to cut their ties with civilization. When the triumphalism became to think he asked: He pointed out that they hadn't cut their umbilical to industrial civilization, they just made it longer.
I wrote a solitaire RPG adventure where your fortune-seeking character arrives at the gates of the Big City wearing a barrel. He or she can't enter unless properly dressed. This means farm work, theft, washing corpses, and the like in the scruffy outcast settlement outside of the city walls. There are several grades of clothing in game, ranging from peasant's tunic to "flash" clothing that a swell might wear. You can't get certain jobs, or even shop in certain parts of the city, if you have peasant or laborer's clothing.
Clothes last pretty well if you do a clean sedentary job. A hard, physical, dirty job, not so much. Agriculture, forestry, building, etc are all very hard on clothes, which are partially protection. One thing the survivalists don't really get is how a level of living standard is related to how many humans you have and the interactions between them. Living in cabins scattered across a mountain means it takes longer to get anywhere, communicate or do anything collective.
And cloth manufacture is a good example. In Tudor England, specifically the broadcloth areas of Suffolk, the thread was spun by women at home, from wool given to them by the clothier. They might make up to a pound or so of thread a day, and it would be collected every 5 days or so by a man of business whose job it was to travel around collecting it. Much easier to do in rural Suffolk with dwellings every few hundred yards of concentrated in villages. Not so much on a mountain.
It took something like the output of 5 or 6 spinners to feed one weaver, who could make a 26yard by 5ft or so cloth in, IIRC, 3 or 4 days. Which leads me to another point that people forget about - the finish. Broadcloth was fulled done by a machine in a mill or by foot in a trough had a nap raised i. Something that is part of the fabric when made nowadays took a lot of work by individual craftsmen. There's a reason a bolt of cloth was at least as expensive as the yearly wage of such a craftsman.
So, in the survivalist paradise, who is going to do all this hard work, and who will own the water mills which make a lot of it easier? I'd like to be able to wear stuff from the end of my highschool period, but my shoulders and arms have changed since then, I filled out properly around 22 or I've been doing some volunteer work at a charity shop, and what amazes me is how much in the way of clothing comes through the shop. Some hasn't been worn at all, perhaps bought by mistake. A lot has a little wear on it, and the owner is getting rid of it because they fancy a change, or bought too much clothing and hardly wore it.
An appreciable percentage of folk in the UK can just buy new clothes as often as they feel like it and clear their wardrobe out when they want to, and it goes to charity shops who sort it out and sell the better clothing to people who want or can only afford cheaper clothing. And with such a cycle, the fact that much clothing is made using thinner fabric more cheaply just isn't noticed, because it isn't getting the level of wear it would have had 30 years ago. We might be able to make do with scavenged Velcro hooks, which were, after all, basically designed to mimic teasel.
Emma in Sydney 44, even some jobs you wouldn't think of are hard on clothes When I worked retail, I was forever blowing out my jeans at the knees, from the constant bending lift with your back! I was also pretty broke at the time, and, since it was a hippie grocery store, my solution was to grab sturdy upholstery-brocade scraps out of my fabric stash SCA remnants, of course and sew them on, adding a decorative feather-stitch around the edges. That way I could pretend it was a Style Thing and not "I don't have room in the budget to replace these jeans, not even at Goodwill.
Wool needs to be sheared -- so you need sheep on the hoof -- scoured, picked, carded or combed. Linen needs to be retted, broken, scutched, and hackled. Cotton needs to be picked or ginned, and then carded or combed, though you could bow if if you don't have cards or combs. And all of these assume you have the seed or the animals, the land for them, and sufficient water.
If you've ever seen a sheep-to-shawl competition, yes, you can weave a shawl in 3 hours, if you have a team of 4 to 6 spinners with wheels which implies wheelwrights, somewhere , a shearer, a sheep, and a weaver with a loom that already has the warp on it. In Victorian and earlier novels, when anyone mentions women's "work", they always mean sewing, apart from that rhyme about a woman's work never being done.
Another interesting bit of linguistic trivia - Old English occupational surnames Smith, Carter, Baker etc. Spinster is feminine, and doesn't appear as a surname, presumably because us spinsters tend not to leave any descendents, while Spinner does appear as a surname, but is pretty uncommon. In Xenophon's Memorabilia , there's an anecdote about Socrates advising a friend, whose house was full of family members turned into refugees during the invasion of Attica, to set the female family members to work spinning and weaving for sale; he considered this the simplest way to deal with the cost of housing them, as the value of what they produced would more than cover the start-up costs as well as their living expenses.
Archaeology, Textiles and Preservation which includes a number of remarkably lovely new world textiles. There is an almost impossible-to-get-around problem here--a functioning society has all kinds of complexities that are more or less invisible. That means thinking clearly about what it would look like for society to collapse is hard. There isn't really any way to survive, say, another dinosaur killer hitting the earth by individual prepping diverting it might work, but that's not individual prepping.
And yet, there are still ways you can be more or less prepared for survivable stuff, ranging from a fire in your house to an icestorm that leaves power off for a week to economic collapse to civil war. Though I think the main survival tactic for a civil war is to GTFO as quickly as possible, in some way that doesn't leave you and your family stuck in some dismal relocation camp at the border. I think it's way too easy to recognize the existence of disasters that can't be survived, and use them as an excuse not to prepare for the survivable stuff that's not even all that hard to get through.
Car chargers for your cellphone come in handy, too. This is something most people can prepare for, even if they're not ready to prepare for a zombie apocalypse. My guess is writing. Once we have the technology to cheaply record, store, and search video, I expect a lot of routine writing will be replaced by recorded video. We're almost there already, but we still need to figure out the searching part. One of the side-effects will be that English class will be less about reading and writing and more about public speaking, dramatic presentation, and skills that are typically only taught in film school these days.
It is possible to spin directly from a washed fleece without further processing, but you have to have more skill as a spinner to do it because there's more management as you go. I have not done this, but I have spoken with people who have. It is also possible to spin directly from the seed there are videos online with certain varieties of cotton. Think of the cotton equivalent of cling-free peaches!
I have done this, and found that it made for a more even and finer thread than what I've been able to spin otherwise.
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I actually had to set that aside because it didn't match what I've been spinning for a different project. And cotton needs to be boiled after spinning to get the natural waxy stuff off it. But I agree that linen and hemp and other plant fibers are always more labor intensive before you can even start to spin the fiber.
Though I've read that milkweed stems don't need to be retted to get the fiber from them. Things I usually have with me: It's hard to know what would seem strange in years. Some of that already seems strange to the people around me. Whip out a sock-in-progress while at the grocery store and the comments range from awed "You can do that without looking?
Pull out a spindle, and people really don't know what to make of me. And I also probably wouldn't make it very well in a post-apocalyptic world without my medication. Are you going to Loncon 3? There are teazels growing at the roadside near this moose and if they haven't been cut down I can always bring a few along.
Kerosene from the kerosene heater would work just fine in a pinch. During our non-as-infrequent-as-we'd-like power outages, an oil lantern puts out enough light to read by, and the fuel lasts for quite some time. My aim is not to get people stirred up about the awfulness involved, but to get out the word that donations would be much appreciated. So before you give into the urge to vent, consider expressing your dismay by either helping to spread the word, or dropping a little bit of cash. I have a friend who carries a portable wheel to most get-togethers, and just keeps producing thread upon thread Much faster than drop spindle, if less plausible to do while, say, waiting for the cooking.
But, as you say, even her fleece has mostly been cleaned and carded and all. For survivalists, one of the biggest questions I always have is, where do they think they'll go to find all the "pristine" and resource-rich wilderness they're supposedly looking for? Even most cabins have neighbours relatively close by; the few that don't have them within shouting distance are likely seasonal cabins, and not places you'd wish to be in winter.
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If they're striking out and want to actually, y'know, survive, they're almost certainly going to have to take over some farming complex, not some cabin in the woods. And, more to the point, have to fight whomever owns the farm before you escape there, which means starting your utopia over bodies of humans. Just as they'll almost certainly pack as much as they can from the remains of civilization the lack of new cloth may even go unnoticed for a while, as there's a lot to find and work and wear through instead of going out without tools and supplies. But then, these aren't necessarily people trying to go Galt.
But they'll still try to flee to a defensible cabin in the woods, as the first bet. Because there are no defensible locations or places to hide in a city, and there are no places with useful and necessary supplies. And somehow things like, oh, toddlers in diapers, never seem to come up as thoughts. Everyone is supposed to be a competent adult. Because in the movies they are. But nobody in these scenarios should ever really dream they're not going to be carrying on on the corpse of civilization, and using the tools and supplies produced by a massive industrial and transport complex, for a very long time.
Given that, one of the more important things to do about the collapse of civilization is to prevent it. Speaking as another kid of the 's civilization-is-doomed-lets-flee-it culture my parents bought the land and built the cabin, but then did not move up there , I have my own views on survivalism and dropping out. And one of those views is that the seeming viability of pseudo-survivalism takes pressure off of the drive to keep things working and fix our problems.
Just appeared in my Twitter stream and relevant to our interests: Thermos overnighted hot coffee to various recipients in the US. The whole article is a fascinating look at the complex logistical network that supports not just the last leg of the journey, but all of the stages that the coffee went through from bean to cup. I've spun from locks, but yeah, it's not easy, and you usually need a flicker to open the locks up. I've never spun cotton off the seed, but I suspect you need the long-staple varieties for that.
And ideally, a charkha wheel for the speed. On spinning from the source - I'm sure I'm not the only person who's watched demos where someone is spinning straight off the angora rabbit. It's pretty surreal to stand around having a conversation with someone who's working a wheel or spindle with a bunny in their lap and periodically plucks a chunk of fluff off the entirely undisturbed rabbit to keep spinning.
I'm another one of those historical-hobbyists who likes to do pre-industrial textile production. For those of you who describe learning to spin with a spindle and marveling at how anyone managed to do production-level work -- be comforted that like any other tast dependent on manual dexterity, it gets easier and you get better the more you do it. And -- as Naomi notes 19 -- working with a drop spindle means you can spin "casually" while doing all sorts of other tasks.
There are medieval illustrations of shepherdesses spinning while watching the sheep. I'm certainly not at professional production levels of skill, but just to give a gauge:. I've been working on an on-and-off spinning and weaving project because I wanted to experiment with the "spin-directional check" effect. This type of weaving effect gets mentioned casually in Nichola Griffith's Hild , which is lovely for textile descriptions.
Basically, you're weaving a checked cloth but rather than alternating two different colors of thread, you're alternating thread spun clockwise and anti-clockwise "S" and "Z" in technical terminology. My goal is to make a 6ft by 6ft square cloak. As I say, I'm a casual spinner, not professional level. By my very rough estimate, I can make about 50 yards of thread in an hour. I've already completed the warp and have most of the thread spun for the weft.
At a very gross estimate, let's say a total of yards probably more, but that's a nice round number. So that's hours of spinning time alone before I start weaving. On the other hand, none of that spinning was done in isolation when I was doing nothing else. Usually I spin at SCA events while I'm talking to people, walking around looking at things, watching court, sitting in meetings, etc. At the typical SCA event I'll fill one spindle's-worth which is about yards again, very roughly - and I'm not spinning all the time I'm at the event.
So that's 25 events which -- if I were more active and spinning more consistently at the events -- could easily be just a couple of years. The weaving will be harder, in one sense, because it's not a portable task and it will be much harder to multi-task while I'm doing it. I expect to run through a bunch of audio-books in the process. I have a blog entry showing a display I put together of the project-in-process and discussing some of the technical aspects.
Another overlooked aspect of pre-industrial clothing is how much more durable and re-usable it was. There was a massive trade in secondhand clothing and clothing was picked apart so the fabric could be re-purposed. My favorite tribute to the early medieval attitude toward clothing longevity is the Bernuthsfeld tunic which is almost more patches than original fabric. Yeah, I was using a takhli spindle for the cotton, and had to add a lot of extra twist in before I could spin the next bit.
Normally it's not so long spindles can be faster than many people think , but I don't ordinarily spin quite that finely. Though I plan to in future - I hope to make myself a handspun, handwoven summer shirt at some point. Still, I might have more luck finishing with a spindle than a charkha, simply because I do a lot of my spinning when I'm out and about, and spindles are far more portable. Dismay at the scale of death tends to be tempered with joy that everyone will finally see they were right.
I spent a lot of time reading Peak Oil sites and boards 'round about Many of the posters in those circles enjoyed thinking themselves the smartest people in the room, and looked forward to their coming validation. The Japanese term for futon covers and quilts made from patches is "boro". You can see in the examples I've linked to here how very basic these items are in their re-use of scraps of fabric. The South Asian tradition of kanthas and rallis are a similar re-use of old fabric generally old saris , and the pieces that are too badly worn to go on the outside of these quilts are used for the batting.
The patchwork quilt tradition began as a use of scraps of fabric as well, although cheap and plentiful textiles have obliterated that tradition in modern patchwork. I've seen old quilts made in the US covered with new patchwork tops, as well, although the usual progression there reflecting typical wear patterns is 1 rebinding 2 insertion of applied patched to cover small areas of damage 3 putting on a new top, ov even a complete cover, when the necessary repairs become too extensive.
The recovered item is usually tied to hold the layers together instead of requilted. When I was learning about the likelihood of a magnitude 9 earthquake in the Pacific Northwest, I could cope with the challenge getting my house bolted to the foundation, keeping water and food on hand, and so on. What I couldn't handle was the prospect of pulling someone out of wreckage, and watching them die from untreated injuries. Or watching someone who wasn't injured die from lack of access to insulin.
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The logistics of getting people out, and supplies in, after an event like that, in that geography, is going to be challenging, to say the least. Also, commenting on the drop-spinning as multi-tasking: Not only was it possible to spin while doing other tasks, but spinning, as a light job requiring mostly patience and basic manual dexterity, could be done by people who weren't up to other tasks: So could carding, for that matter, although that requires more a little more strength.
In subsistence economies, just about everyone out of diapers is doing something productive, and the basic economic unit is not the individual but the household--and the household is not the same as a nuclear family. A good, readable compendium of pre-industrial English rural life was written by Dorothy Hartley: It's a good starting-point for learning about all the things that had to be done to get through the year and keep everyone fed, clothed, and housed.
The work never ends. Naomi Parkhurst 54 The reply to "you can buy socks The currently city-based survivalists will probably be among the first to die, shot by the residents of the property the city kids are trying to move in on. Lenore Rose 58 Toddlers oh yes. Babies and diapers, ditto. I also find it amusing that the needs of fertile women aren't covered, either. The problem with teazels is that there are two types, the fullers teasel with barbs on the end, and the one that hasn't.
Naturally, all the ones I've seen in the countryside are the normal useless sort, and I've tried two different packets of seed for fullers teasel and neither have grown at all. Given also that Mad Jack hasn't any either due to the really wet summer a couple of years ago and the internet isnt' helping, I'd be really grateful if anyone actually has any fullers teasels around Offer avlid in UK or EU only due to postage costs or sees any anywhere, because I want some to be a cloth shearer at Kentwell at some point in the future.
It's an indication of how many step changes there have been in technology since teasels were used that I just can't find any at all. Dyestuffs yes, but not teasels. But I'm with Abi, better not to let civilisation fall at all, your chances of survival are much higher in a large group. Unfortunately the market and greedy people drive atomisation of society is driving along nicely and that'll have a similar effect. I suspect people say that sort of thing because they remember when it used to be less expensive to buy the materials to make a garment than to buy the garment, which is no longer the case.
However, there is Mistress Quickly's complaint about having her boarding house for hard-working needlewomen mistaken for a bawdy-house you may decide for yourselves if she has a reasonable ground for complaint, based on Shakespeare's depiction of her domestic arrangements. This is a tangent, but I wish I knew how to pick clothes so they last.
I've purchased shirts that lasted for ten years, and shirts that shredded in two or even one. I can tell a little bit by the thickness of the fabric, but that still leaves me at a loss because I don't know where to go to find the good stuff at an affordable rate. Or which of the expensive places will deliver endurance, not just brand names.
Shopping isn't a hobby of mine; I just want to go out and buy what I need. If anyone has any tips, I'd love to hear them. CJO 77, a non-trivial part of the problem is modern detergents. Private collection Gregory Michigan. A fine Fusee sterling double cased pocket watch and matching fob, manufactured by H.
Beurn watch and clock maker R. Total weight of the watch and fob is grams. Condition, physically the watch appears to be in excellent condition, the fob slightly tarnished mechanically the watch is not running for reasons unknown to us a fabulous and early piece Private collection Gregory, Michigan. A beautiful filigree locket in 14k gold opening to reveal a seventeen jeweled Geneva watch the face mounted with a diamond shaped onyx shaped stone additinaly layered with filigree and mounted with a fire opal stone, 20 grams total weight 1.
To include a 1. Nice men's 10K yellow gold diamond cluster ring 1. Varying SI 1 to imperfect 1 - J-K in color,8. Private collection Otisville, MI. Central blue oval stone flanked by diamonds in 18K white gold. To include various amethysts, up to 1. Not including the free stones there are 76 stones weighing Handsome pair of contemporary titanium Cartier reading glasses with logo, silver color with black earpieces, Made in France, excellent condition in Cartier case. Encompassing four strands of sea pearls with 14K gold spacers and magnatite beads with 14k gold clasp, 31"L, circa mid 20th century.
A fine 18K filigree style bracelet mounted with 22 large sea pearls tested 18K or better 9 grams total weight circa early 20th century. Central blue trillion stone surrounded by diamonds in 14K white gold. Central oval stone flanked by diamonds in 14K yellow gold. Central emerald cut stone flanked by two pink oval sapphires and diamonds all totaling 5. Central oval Ceylon sapphire, flanked by two diamonds,.
Three oval prong set emerald stones, the center stone measuring approximately. Private collection Clinton Twp, Michigan. Depicting a landscape with figures and buildings in the distance after Corot, signed LL and dated , further signed after Corot. Ida Crowley was a North Carolina artist, known for her landscapes, Finely painted to depict a flowing mountain river with small building with stone roof and figure sitting on a ledge.
Apparently unsigned, framed in a gold wood and gesso frame, 8. Including a pearl handled derringer, a mother of pearl compact, a hand painted fan, an old garter, an old bottle, a 19th century photo of a woman, and an old bottle, all representing a 19th century saloon girl. Titled "Street Scene," depicting a European stret scene with central phone booth. Nowak Paris Saint-Andre-des-Arte" to back of canvase. Hans Nowak Germany, was known for Paris paintings. Artist information tag with exhibitions and W. Framed in a painted cream and gold wood frame with linen liner, Depicting a portrait of Maria Wilhelmina Cleofatia, as described on label en verso, signed and dated LR , Paul Rink Was a painter from the Netherlands known for his portraits, Condition with repaired patch to face area otherwise very original.
Private collection Vassar, Mi. Depicting figures in everyday life with trees and huts, signed lower left and appears to be dated 67 or 84 with additional 84 written en verso. Helen Sebidi Mmargabo Mapula born African known for her paintings and sculptures, Depicting a clear glass urn with grapes and peaches, surrounded by an open watermelon, bananas, cherries, pears, and subdued tendrils, unsigned, Depicting a drawing of Pinocchio for the animated Walt Disney film, with pencil notations: A finely painted depiction of two old men seated in mid 19th century dress, one man looking on another reading documents, possibly depicting a literary scene.
Depicting a winter scene with figure, trees, mountains and buildings, signed LR and having name plaque "Pierre Bittar born Lovely framed oil on canvas entitled "Mountain Lakes" by Francis Arndt b. Italian oil on board depicting Blessed Virgin Mary with eyes raised to heaven in prayer, in circular gilt frame, circa late 19th-early 20th century, sight Depicting a interior of a general store with figures and animals, signed LR Jo Sickbert born was a Missouri artist known for his interior scenes, 9" H x 12" W sight circa early to mid 20th century.
A charming depiction of two men fishing at a mill, a name plate with W. Stone,on the bottom of the frame, unsigned, 19" H x 23" W sight, 25" H x 29" W frame, circa early 20th century. Private collection Highland Park Mi. Depicting an idyllic European landscape with houses, and a pond with water lillies in the foreground. Signed LL by J. Raamsdonk, 20th century Dutch artist known for his landscapes. To include six dinner forks, eight salad forks, three tablespoons, twelve teaspoons and six knives.
All marked Gorham sterling and further with Gorham symbol. To include a large serving spoon, large serving fork, small serving spoon, and small serving fork, with central iris designs followed by openwork of dragons to either side, iris design in back and stamped in Islamic cursive script. Each with carved horn handle. Longest piece measures 8. Art deco tea service comprising a teapot, coffee pot, covered sugar bowl and cream jug, the coffee pot and teapot with with Bakelite handles all hallmarked Sheffield, England, tallest measures 8.
Each finely moulded to depict floral and scroll decoration, one with angels, each with five hallmarks, 9" H, circa early to mid 20th century. The interior decorated with scroll and shell design, repousse border and handles and raised on shell formed feet, verso hallmark Portsmouth trademark, silver plate p. Depicting a rising cobra with candle holder and plate attached at head. All monogrammed for handball 's. Finely moulded to depict intertwining stems, mounted to a vasiform central shaft, each holding five candle cups with removable bombeches, each with shaped base stamped for Wilcox, Three footed bowls monogramed as horse trophies one marked Wilcox, together with a tall footed punch bowl with three raised cartouches, depicting floral and scroll, largest is 12" D x 7.
To include 62 pieces Tradition silverplated flatware and 46 pieces WM Rogers silverplated flatware both in wood flatware boxes. To include 45 pieces Rogers Bros. Community Plate flatware and pieces Harmony House silverplated flatware both with serving pieces and in wood flatware boxes. To include two teapots having flame finials, two sugar bowls and one creamer, marked Wm. Rogers on bottom, circa 20th century, largest is To include a pair of weighted silvered parrots perched on a stump above foliage, 11" H, circa 20th century, very good condition.
Including a two-handled tray, open repousse dish, two small apple-shaped bowls and a covered presentation stein, overall 14" L, circa 20th century, good condition. To include a high sided circular tray with pierced sides and foliate and scroll decoration, a circular tray with beaded rim and foliate and scroll decoration, together with a smaller tray of similar decoration. Largest is 13" diameter. A footed silverplated serving tray with overall floral decoration and repousse handles and rim, 16" W x 29" L x 2" H, circa 20th century, tarnished but otherwise good condition.
In the contemporary taste with raised silver and gold decorations in fitted cherry wood finished box. Private collection Highland Park, MI.. To include a creamer, sugar bowl, small platter, small dish, small pitcher with feet, largest 6" D, 20th century. With scrolled handle, and decorative floral motif base, stamped on bottom sterling Columbia weighted 8.
Blade stamped Wheatley Sheffield, all with ivory handles, six knives total, in fitted velour lined box. To include a Fiesta Onieda round covered serving dish with scroll decorated lid and glass insert along with a Fiesta Onieda oval two handled covered serving dish. Largest measures 4" H x 11" D.
Decorated with c scroll and floral designs, stamped with four hallmarks, sterling and pat To include eight matching silverplated chargers with floral decoration to rim, 12" Diameter, circa 20th century, excellent condition. Titled, "Panarea," depicting two figures sitting at reeds in front of a ocean.
Nicola Simbari, , Italy, known for landscape and figure painting and architecture. Matted and framed behind glass, 37" H x Titled "Becoming," depicting geometric image. Framed in holographic plastic over screen print, limited edition of Including three large framed colorful contemporary serigraphs entitled "West of Summer", each measuring: Titled, "La Famille du Cirque," depicting colorful circus figures with a pony. Matted and framed behind glass, 31" H x 33" W sight with 6" for matting and frame.
COA from Austin Galleries dated included. Artist information tag en verso. Depicting probably Socrates, holding a punched tin lantern, published April 18th , W. Salvatore Rosa was an Italian artist known baroque religious scene paintings, nicely matted and framed, Private collection Detroit, Mi. Midge Mills, Watercolor Painting on Paper Lot Sale Order of Titled "Instant Breakfast," finely painted to depict the interior of a refrigerator, showing eggs, juice, fruit, apricots, newspaper and other items.
George Innes Landscape, Oil on Wood Panel Lot Sale Order of Oil on wood panel depicting lake with boating figures and cows grazing in field in the distance, use of loose brushstrokes, dark palette and emphasis on mood. Christian Riese Lassen Art On Canvas Lot Sale Order of Depicting dolphins amongst reefs with diamond eyes, artist proof 12 out of an addition of 50, signed LL with an additional brass artist plate, with certificate of authenticity, nicely framed in a black plexiglass cove moulded frame with cloth liner, 36" H x 24" W sight, 48" H x 36" W framed, circa This lot was not sold.
Eleonore Guinther, Oil Painting on Canvas Lot Sale Order of Finely painted to depict two figures in the distance walking a trail and coming upon a small pond with shed and dense trees landscape. Attributed Adam Emory Albright Oil Painting On Board Lot Sale Order of Depicting a "Huck Finn" a bare foot boy, standing on a rock, with a straw hat fishing, with a waterfall in the distance, unsigned but attributed to Adam Emory Albright well known Chicago artist, student of John Vanderpoel, and Thomas Eakins, known for his depiction of children, Artur Grottger Pastel on Paper Lot Sale Order of Depicting a gentleman in coat with bowtie, possibly a muscician, Artur Grottger was a Polish Artist known for his portraits, monogrammed lower right, Robin Darwin Landscape Oil On Canvas Lot Sale Order of A winter landscape in a very painterly style, of trees in the foreground and houses in the background.
Art Deco Toozoo Ceramic Dog Electric Clock Lot Sale Order of Grey ceramic art deco mantle clock in shape of two hunting dogs with gold detail, inset with white face electric clock with roman numerals, movement is by Lanshire, Barometer With Glass Flutes Lot Sale Order of Made in Germany, wood base barometer with temperature gauge, hydrometer, and hand blown glass meter, 17" L circa 20th century. Walnut Mantle Clock by Hamilton Lot Sale Order of Walnut mantle or carriage clock with brass carrying handle on top, raised on stepped feet, having Roman Numerals on brass face, front glass door opens to wind clock or set chimes, hinged rear door to access mechanism, circa 20th century, 16" H x 6.
A Fine Ed Dwight Bronze Sculpture Lot Sale Order of Titled "Seminole Negro Scout," finely cast depicting an African American Indian with loose earrings, attached by one arm to wooden base, signed on shirt pocket with additional nameplate with title and artist. A Fine Victorian Overmantle Mirror Lot Sale Order of In the roccoco taste having elaborate carved wood scroll pediment, and shaped sides, with paneled back, this mirror originally hung in the Grand Pointe Hotel located in St. A Very Fine Bronze Mirror in the Neoclassical Taste Lot Sale Order of With finely cast masks to top corners, centered by a bronze wreath and clam, the four corners with bronze rosettes, with beveled glass, with additional openwork frame in bronze tubing with bold turnings at several points.
Ratin Bronze Sculpture Lot Sale Order of Finely cast to depict a eagle preparing to land with wings spread. Steuben Calcite Cutback Hanging Light Fixture Lot Sale Order of Beautiful bell-shaped Steuben glass fixture in calcite etched technique, swag and leaf decoration with pearlized or luster finish, with original fixtures including bronze hanging tassel, not signed, 12" H x 12" diameter, circa early 20th century, excellent.
English Inlaid Mother of Pearl Sewing Box Lot Sale Order of Bombay-shaped inlaid mother-of-pearl floral and circular overall decoration, chased egg and dart decoration around top, rim and foot with carved wooden loose ring handles, interior fitted and housing accoutrements, circa 19th century, with small losses to fitted interior, one MOP inlay measuring. European Carved Wood Table pos. Black Forest Lot Sale Order of Carved hall table depicting a child holding grapes or possibly Bacchus, raised on ball feet, circa late 19th-early 20th century, Tiziano Galli Porcelain Figurines Lot Sale Order of Finley molded to depict two maidens holding baskets of flowers, wonderfully painted signed T.
A Very Fine African Wood and Mounted Iron Mirror Lot Sale Order of A large African mirror with central hand wrought iron sculpture depicting animals and hanging tassels, framed in carved wood depicting animals with inset mirror behind ironwork. Robert Herst Oil Painting On Canvas Lot Sale Order of An early 19th century fine painting depicting a family and their pet dogs, in front of their thatched cottage, with a delightful pastoral scene in the background. De Cayrol Oil Painting On Canvas Of A Girl Lot Sale Order of An exquisite depiction of an attractive pensive, possibly Spanish, young woman with her hand, and elbow resting on a guitar, dressed in a cool green shawl, and green striped skirt.
A Fine Pair of Irish Cut Glass Girandoles Lot Sale Order of Finely cut to depict a central urn with squared bases, with cut diamond designs, hung with three piece long prisms, with cut dishes, now electrified. Large Alabaster Figural Lamp and Shade Lot Sale Order of Having alabaster bowl-shaped shade atop alabaster lamp fixture and sculptural alabaster bust of woman, circa late 19th-early 20th century, Frederick Remington Bronze Statue Lot Sale Order of After Frederick Remington , representing a native American on horseback, with buffalo skull at the base, titled "Vigil," affixed to verigated green base, Exceptional Indian Decorated Trunk Lot Sale Order of The exteror with fine cut dovetails and prfuly inlaid with brass wire depicitng symbols, crawfish, and scrolling vines the exterior fitted with a multitdud of brass hardware, the lid opening to revale a campartmentalized interior including two lift lid side boxes and a fitted floor tray with seven compartments five with doors, the under lid finely carved and shaped in three dimesial to resemble the interior of the Taj Mahal, one of the finest chests we have seen, measuring A Fine Habersham Plantation La Barge Sideboard Lot Sale Order of Modeled in the plantation style with two doors centered by three drawers, all with recessed panels and raised moldings with oversized hardware and hinges.
Antique Chinoiserie Decorated One Drawer Stand Lot Sale Order of The top three sides and drawer finely decorated to depict village scenes with animals and people, the one drawer with fine cut dove tails with brass teardrop drawer pull, the case with pegged construction, with scroll form dresser and graduated block feet, A Beveled Glass and Iron Dining Table Lot Sale Order of Wrought iron base with scrolled legs and double scrolled x form stretcher, surrmounted by heavy bevelved glass top. A Massive Chinese Famille Rose Fish Bowl Lot Sale Order of The porcelain fish bowl finely enameled to depict peacocks, magpies, butterflies, and profusely decorated with lotus blossoms, cherry blossom trees, pheasants, and pine trees, the interior decorated with lotus blossoms, with seal mark for Great Qing Quilong Production", Signed Macey Barrister Book Case Lot Sale Order of Dark oak dustproof bookcase with four horizontal glazed doors, having iron straps on each side, no feet - meant to be set atop another similar bookcase, manufactured by Macey, 35" H x Pr Mid Century Hollywood Regency Club Chairs Lot Sale Order of To include two white naugahyde club chairs with tufted backs, yellow piping, loose seat cushion and fitted skirts raised on brass casters.
A Chippendale Style Petite Sofa By Biggs Lot Sale Order of Upholstered in satin brocade with camel back, rolled arms, scalloped apron and accented with hobnailed tacks with carved knee returns and resting on carved ball and claw front feet with tag custom built by Biggs, Richmond, VA.
Mission Style Oak Back Bar with Copper Top Lot Sale Order of Ladder back sides with copper top shelf in center above four sliding doors revealing single shelf, above bottom shelf with two removable serving trays. A Country French Drexel Heritage Armoire Lot Sale Order of With two large over two small recessed panel doors, opening to a shelved interior with large molded cornice, resting on four flattened bun feet. A Fine Mid Century Hollywood Regency Sofa Lot Sale Order of Petite sofa upholstered in cream suede-like material with tufted back, rolled arms, loose kidney shaped seat cushion, yellow piping and fitted skirt.
Of Antique Square Base Candlesticks Lot Sale Order of Graduated stepped square base, with central turned column, and graduated stepped candle holder and removeable plate. Van Briggel Lamp with Garden Bulb Starters Lot Sale Order of Van Briggel of Colorado unusual retro turquoise butterfly lampshade with garden bulb starter lamp eight cups varying in size worked into base of lamp having Van Briggel stamp on lower side along with NC stamp, 42" H x 13" W, midth century, no chips, cracks or notable damage.
A Large Bronze Figure of a Stylized Horse Lot Sale Order of Finely molded to depict a open mouth stylized horse with large mane, mounted on pyramid shape vase. Of Miniature English Candlesticks, Signed Lot Sale Order of A balluster turned shaft resting on triangular stepped bases, with three ball feet.
A Fine French Wood Humidor Lot Sale Order of Wood case with black lacquered edges, interior cedar lined and with hydrogmeter and humidifier. An English Or American Folk Art Smoking Stand Lot Sale Order of Constructed of tiger oak with central door, with carved and painted figure of a pipe, with side attachments for pipe and tobacco jar, very well done, circa late 19th early 20th century.