After a certain distance , AC systems become more costly to build than DC and have larger power losses along the line because of issues such as higher resistance. I always thought DC sources were converted to alternating current for efficiency sake not to just accommodate the AC infrastructure that is all ready in place. Obviously you have to step down the AC before it is allowed to get in side the house but isn't the reason DC was never used to begin with was because of the resistance in DC power transmission and that the lines would have to be as thick as a telephone pole not to mention you need a power source at every corner.
Can some one clear my obvious confusion. Due to this reasons, the HVDC provides an edge over the voltage regulation of power system. HVDC is free from dielectric losses. Also, there is no skin effect of conductor and whole conductors is utilised for power transmission. In terms of cost of power system DC is more efficient and is least expensive. Firstly we only require two conductors instead of three. But the only problem we suffer is a generation of power at high voltages because we need HV for transmission.
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DC can neither be stepped up directly and neither can it be generated at very high voltages. To paraphrase an excellent Forbes article title. Tesla was involved only so much in that Westinghouse licensed his patents on AC power transmission. It's worth adding that Tesla actually worked for Edison, and used Michael Faraday's prior development of AC current and reworked Edison's own DC power generation and transmission technology to use AC instead. Edison did not have much faith in DC power, and asked Tesla to try to redesign it into something better.
Not something that used AC specifically, just something. Something that was better. Which, obviously, Tesla did.
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However, Edison thought the idea of using AC for power transmission was too outlandish to be practical and chose not to pursue it. This would be the last time Tesla and Edison had any interaction or confrontation with each other over DC vs. George Westinghouse, on the other hand, truly believed in AC power, and while Tesla refined and patented many AC-related technologies, it is Westinghouse that commercialized the technologies Tesla invented into something that could be practical for power transmission. It was Westinghouse that pushed for AC, funded it, built it up, paid to have those shows demonstrating the danger of DC, all of it.
Tesla continued to help with the development of AC to a limited degree, but he did so because Westinghouse paid him to, he was not particularly passionate or concerned about making AC the global standard. Remember - Tesla thought power transmission using conductors was itself fundamentally flawed, and was heavily focused on developing wireless power transmission.
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Unfortunately, this ultimately proved to be wholly impractical, but I digress. It operated a large DC power plant until the s, long after Tesla's death, and was, during Tesla's last years, one of the largest and last remaining locations of DC power generation in the world.
Choosing this location as his home and place of work until he ultimately died are not the actions of someone who was particularly concerned about AC vs. Tesla only wanted to prove his ideas could work. The whole idea of Edison vs. Tesla is mostly fiction, a fun story borne out of the internet, but sadly, not one which reflects history or reality.
See here for a historically accurate, non-fiction version of the War of the Currents. This is why new transmission runs are exclusively HVDC today. It simply makes no economic sense to build HVAC transmission lines anymore. HVAC still dominates of course, but because this sort of infrastructure has very long service lifetimes. Anything new that is built is always HVDC. Note, the key word here is transmission level runs. These are the extra-high voltage long distance regional runs.
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AC is still the best choice for things at the power distribution level, but that might change or might not. So it isn't just a little better - it's a lot better. Since HVDC is of static polarity, it lets charge carriers arrange themselves such that the electric field between conductors is minimized, resulting in roughly half of the losses due to corona currents compared to HVAC.
See how those high voltage lines are actually made up of bundles of 3 conductors?
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That's because of the skin effect. Alternating current tends to concentrate the actual charge carriers electrons of a current in the outer-most regions of a conductor. This effect is dependent on the frequency and conducting material, but it effectively makes a given conductor behave like a somewhat smaller conductor when AC is put through it.
Reactive power is the imaginary component of complex power, a property unique to AC current.
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Reactive power, unlike active power, does not represent actual transmission or consumption of energy at a given rate, but rather the rate of energy storage. Reactive power represents power that is doing nothing, it is just power that is feeding parasitic energy storage mechanisms, specifically capacitance which stores energy in an electric field and inductance which stores energy in a magnetic field.
This reactive power averages out to zero, as the stored energy is eventually released back or, is negative in magnitude. The problem is it doesn't actually do anything, it is not usable by a load, it is not really transmitting any power to to a distant consumer. But, the actual currents involved are very real, so with AC, there is a component of the current that is flowing and suffering resistance losses and all of that just like any other current would, but it is doing so uselessly.
It's just wiggling around without doing anything, and those wiggles translate into extra losses that HVDC doesn't have. Dielectrics, also known as insulators, are made up of lots of little electric dipoles hence, 'dielectric'. As the polarity of AC changes back and forth, so too does the electric field. This makes the dipoles in dielectrics want to flip around to a polarity favorable for a given electric field. Flipping these little dipoles isn't free however, it takes energy.
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This means that dielectrics in bulk have the effect of dissipating a small amount of electromagnetic energy when they undergo polarization by an external electric field. Musicians will often use these skeletons to improvise their own arrangements. Leadsheets often do not contain complete lyrics to the song. Some day you'll look in to her eyes, then there'll be no goodbyes, and yesterday will have gone and you'll find yourself in anoth er space five hundred miles high.
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