Synonyms and antonyms of colonizador in the Spanish dictionary of synonyms. In the s and s more than 1 million books were being loaned each year to members as far afield as the most isolated settlers ' gangs working on distant branch lines. If the word battle does not appropriately describe an armed encounter between an indigenous and a colonizing people , the neutral word incident should be used.
It was part of the staple diet of Native Americans and early settlers because it was so chockfull of health. Examples of use in the Spanish literature, quotes and news about colonizador. Acababa de regresar de Francia, Desde este prisma, aparece otra Amarillo mixture, in soil of low fertility. The harvest of the above ground parts of plants was at 60 days after seed germination to determine.
In recent decades, alternative technologies have been studied in order to make the cultivation of eucalyptus more economical and sustainable. Among these, the mycorrhizal associations deserve mention because of the many benefits they provide to host plants. Mycorrhizal fungi AMF form mutualistic association with plant roots, promoting greater uptake of nutrients to the host, which in turn yields products of photosynthesis to the fungus.
With the establishment of the association, the plants become more resistant to adverse conditions such as nutrient-poor soil, low pH, high temperature, water stress, decreased microbial activity, among other biotic and abiotic stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and activity of mycorrhizal fungi in eucalypt plantations used commercially by Copener Florestal Ltda. A high variability in. Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar e identificar hongos formadores de micorriza arbuscular asociados a sistemas agroforestales con cacao Theobroma cacao L..
Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Glomus y Scutellospora. Nine substrates were used: Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, using reforested degraded pasture and preserved 'cerrado' control soil with the objective to evaluate the contribution of autoctone arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF on the Guazuma ulmifolia Lamb. Seedlings were transplanted to plastic bags with 2 kg of sterilized soil: Plants were inoculated with ca.
AMF did not improve significantly canopy dry matter, root fresh matter and plant height. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to verify the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum. Rooted plants were inoculated with Gigaspora margarita, Glomus leptotichum, Glomus macrocarpum e Scutellospora heterogama or non-inoculated.
Plants were grown in a autoclave sterilized, and non-sterilized soil of the type "Terra Roxa Estruturada". At the flowering stage, plants were harvested and measured for plant height, shoot dry matter, root fresh matter, shoot P and K content, mycorrhizal root colonization and number of mycorrhizal fungi spores. Plants colonized with G. However, there was no effect of introduced mycorrhizal fungi on non-sterilized soil. No primeiro, empregou-se como substrato uma mistura de 2: Os FMAs empregados foram: No terceiro experimento, empregaram-se G.
IAC- 44 e A. The purpose of this study was to select effective arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF on the production of yellow. O amendoim Arachis hypogaea L. O girassol foi a planta de cobertura que mais extraiu nutrientes do solo, seguido por amendoim Arachis hipogaea L. In the sugarcane production system after a 4- to 8-year cycle crop rotation may be used before replanting sugarcane to improve soil conditions and give an extra income.
This study had the objective of characterizing the biomass and the. O delineamento experimental foi tipo inteiramente casualizado em seis tratamentos: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF can be used to promote seedling growth of fruit trees, but their effect on sugar apple is not known. We investigated the role of two isolates of AMF Acaulospora longula and Gigaspora albida in promoting the growth of sugar apple seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments and four replicates totaling 24 units: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the association of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF and phosphorus fertilization on seedlings of "mangaba" Hancornia speciosa.
The experiment, at a greenhouse, was in a completely randomized factorial design with two treatments of the native soil from an H. We investigate the relationships between some. This study shows that Effect of P and AMF on the dry yield components of cassava t ha Interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices In this research, the effect of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal AMF inoculation Glomus intraradices and Glomus etunicatum on tomato plants growing in nutrient solution with high concentrations of copper were studied.
Copper Cu is an essential micronutrient for plant growth. In the present study, the effect of copper Responses of potatoes plants inoculated with arbuscular A pot experiment was set to examine the impact of the foliar litter Hardwickia binata and Azadirachta indica and an arbuscular mycorrhizal AM fungus on the development of two varieties of potato plants Aida, Atlas.
Three litter doses 0, 25 and 50 g were applied to the pots after bedding plantlets. Response of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect ofRhizobium and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, both individually and in combination on growth and chlorophyll content of economically important plant Vigna unguiculata L. Full Text Available Se evaluaron los efectos de dos biocontroladores potenciales, un consorcio de micorrizas y viruta de pino sobre el control de Spongospora subterranea f.
The effect of two potential microorganism, mycorhize and pine wood shavings for management of Spongospora subterranea f. A field experiment was established using a randomized complete design with four replications and five treatments Trichoderma harzianum; Comercial product. Community assembly and coexistence in communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are asexual, obligately symbiotic fungi with unique morphology and genomic structure, which occupy a dual niche, that is, the soil and the host root. Consequently, the direct adoption of models for community assembly developed for other organism groups is not evident. In this paper we adapted modern coexistence and assembly theory to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We review research on the elements of community assembly and coexistence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, highlighting recent studies using molecular methods.
By addressing several points from the individual to the community level where the application of modern community ecology terms runs into problems when arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are concerned, we aim to account for these special circumstances from a mycocentric point of view. We suggest that hierarchical spatial structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities should be explicitly taken into account in future studies.
The conceptual framework we develop here for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is also adaptable for other host-associated microbial communities. This study was conducted in a greenhouse, with the objective of comparing the growth. Este trabalho teve como objetiv Colonization of new land by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The study describes the primary assembly of arbuscular mycorrhizal communities on a newly constructed island Peberholm between Denmark and Sweden. The AM fungal community on Peberholm was compared with the neighboring natural island Saltholm.
The structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal communities wa Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora sp. Under field conditions, the effects of mycorrhizae and hen manure fertilization, compared to the application. Arbuscular mycorrhizas are present on Spitsbergen. A previous study of 76 plant species on Spitsbergen in the High Arctic concluded that structures resembling arbuscular mycorrhizas were absent from roots. Here, we report a survey examining the roots of 13 grass and forb species collected from 12 sites on the island for arbuscular mycorrhizal AM colonisation.
Of the individuals collected, we recorded AM endophytes in the roots of 41 plants of 11 species Alopecurus ovatus, Deschampsia alpina, Festuca rubra ssp. Coarse AM hyphae, vesicles, arbuscules and fine endophyte hyphae occupied 1. Principal component analysis indicated no associations between the abundances of AM structures in roots and edaphic factors. We conclude that the AM symbiosis is present in grass and forb roots on Spitsbergen.
Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of heavy Composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with cassava. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF form root symbiotic relationships with higher plants, but Inoculation of Ceratonia siliqua L.
Host plant quality mediates competition between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi exchange soil nutrients for carbon from plant hosts. Empirical works suggests that hosts may selectively provide resources to different fungal species, ultimately affecting fungal competition.
However, fungal competition may also be mediated by colonization strategies of. Moving beyond phylogeny in arbuscular mycorrhizal ecology. Arbuscular mycorrhizal AM fungi form symbiotic associations with the roots of most plants, thereby mediating nutrient and carbon fluxes, plant performance, and ecosystem dynamics. Although considerable effort has been expended to understand the keystone ecological position of AM symbioses, most. The influence of vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizas on production Phosphorus levels in plant tops showed no increases due to mycorrhizas but crude protein content of all mycorrhizal plants were Diversity and biogeography of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils.
Effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the Arbuscular mycorrhiza in soil quality assessment. Assessment of soil quality, defined as the capacity of a soil to function within ecosystem boundaries to sustain biological productivity, maintain environmental quality, and promote plant health, should therefore include both Arbuscular mycorrhizal AM fungi constitute a living bridge for the transport of nutrients from soil to plant roots, and are considered as the group of soil microorganisms that is of most direct importance to nutrient uptake by herbaceous plants.
AM fungi also contribute to the formation of soil Various methods for the assessment of the potential for mycorrhiza formation and function are presented. Examples are given of the application of these methods to assess the impact of pesticides on the mycorrhiza An alternative of ecological fertilization in pastures. Because of the negative effects caused by chemical fertilizers on the deterioration of the environment, work has been done, for some decades, in the introduction of fertilization alternatives in crop management. Mycorrhization is one of the biological techniques used in many of them; however, in pastures it has not been widely extended in production and the studies have aimed at legumes and very few grasses.
Mycorrhizae allow successful application by means of seed covering. On the other hand, mycorrhizal relationships can be the key to decrease the amount of fertilizers especially phosphates. O solo, misturado com areia de rio 4: Pelos resultados, Psidium guajava L. Detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots of coffee plants and crotalaria cultivated between rows. As sementes foram semeadas em tubetes com capacidade para 50 cm 3 de substrato e mantidas por dias.
Communities, populations and individuals of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the phylum Glomeromycota are found globally in most vegetation types, where they form a mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots. Despite their wide distribution, only relatively few species are described. The taxonomy is based on morphological characters Although the lack of genetic recombination is not unique in the fungal kingdom, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are probably ancient asexuals.
The long asexual evolution This review critically examines the concepts of species, communities, populations and individuals of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Full Text Available Coccothrinax readii, is a palm endemic to the Yucatan coast, its successful establishment in stressful environments suggests that factors such as mycorrhizal association may determine its success, the question arose in this work, assess environmental conditions which states and to describe their particular characteristics related to the anatomy of their roots and mycorrhizal colonization in three different seasons over a year.
The results indicate significant fluctuations of environmental variables throughout the year, on the other hand, the presence of the velamen on the roots of C. This association is affected by microenvironmental conditions, as during the dry season, when environmental conditions are unfavorable, the colonization percentage is higher than in the windy season, when microenvironmental conditions are more favorable. Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Iris. The result showed that the promoting effects of the AMF on the aboveground part and the underground part of the iris were based on different mechanism.
For the underground part of the iris, the AMF stimulated its growth through the nutrient enrichment which was performed by the enormous hypha network. The nitrogen absorbing rate of the G. In this study, the promoting effect of the G. In vitro culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Arbuscular mycorrhizal AM fungi are ecologically important for most vascular plants for their growth and survival.
AM fungi are obligate symbionts. In recent years, there have been many attempts to cultivate in vitro. Some relevant results indicate efforts are not far from successful growth of AM fungi independent of a plant Arsenic uptake and phytoremediation potential by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Arsenic As contamination of soils and water is a global problem because of its impacts on ecosystems and human health.
Various approaches have been attempted for As remediation, with limited success. Arbuscular mycorrhizal AM fungi play vital roles in the uptake of water and essential nutrients, especially phosphorus P , and hence enhance plant performance and Arbuscular -mycorrhizal fungi Glomales in Egypt. Roots and rhizospheric soils of 26 plant species belonging to 18 families representing five different habitats at El-Omayed Biosphere Reserve were collected and examined for arbuscular -mycorrhizal fungal AMF associations. Plant species recorded in the habitat of coastal sand dunes had the highest percentage of Solanum cultivar responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: A greenhouse experiment was carried out in a sandy soil with a low available phosphorus to evaluate responsiveness of four Solanum aethiopicum cultivars to indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Results showed clear interaction between genetic variability of cultivars and fungal isolates on shoot biomass and on Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation on growth, and The aim of our work was to assess the effect of inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF Rhizoglomus aggregatum N. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae on microbial population and Arbuscular mycorrhizal AM fungi are ubiquitous fungi distributed widely in soil ecosystems. It has been showed that AM fungi play an important role in improving soil nutrition and enhancing crop disease resistance, which have great application potentials in overcoming crop replant problems.
In order to evaluate the effects Studying genome heterogeneity within the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal cytoplasm. Although heterokaryons have been reported in nature, multicellular organisms are generally assumed genetically homogeneous. Here, we investigate the case of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF that form symbiosis with plant roots. The growth advantages they confer to their hosts are of great. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species associated with rhizosphere of Responses of soilless grown tomato plants to arbuscular Full Length Research Paper.
Meaning of "ñangotado" in the Spanish dictionary
Responses of soilless grown tomato plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal Glomus fasciculatum colonization in re-cycling and open systems. Cover cropping impacts on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil aggregation. Cover crops are a management tool which can extend the period of time that a living plant is growing and conducting photosynthesis. This is critical for soil health, because most of the soil organisms, particularly the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, are limited by carbon. Research, on-farm, and demon The vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis Quilambo African Vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi are associated with the majority ot the terrestrial plants.
Their function ranges from stress alleviation to bioremediation in soils polluted with heavy metals. However, our knowledge about this symbiosis is still limited. For the semi-arid tropics, where some african countries are located, What we know about arbuscular mycorhizal fungi and associated Mycorrhizal fungi are common soil microorganisms and are well known for their symbiotic association with the roots of host plants. The soil is a complex environment harbouring a wide diversity of microorganisms. The interaction between soil bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been shown in several studies to Detection of species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF Arbuscular -mycorhizal fungi AMF from melon plants grown in Van province, were studied by nested-PCR method to establish colonization ratio of related fungi in plants and to detect the fungi at species level.
From 10 different locations, a total of soil samples were taken from rhizosphere area of melon plants.
Use of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi for improved crop production in Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi AMF , endophytic fungi reputed for their ability to enhance P uptake can be used to alleviate P deficiencies and improve crop productivity. Although the technology has been used in developed countries, it has not been applied in crop production systems in Africa to any significant level.
Phosphorus and nitrogen are essential nutrient elements that are needed by plants in large amounts. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis between plants and soil fungi improves phosphorus and nitrogen acquisition under limiting conditions. On the other hand, these nutrients influence root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi and symbiotic functioning.
This represents a feedback mechanism that allows plants to control the fungal symbiont depending on nutrient requirements and supply. Elevated phosphorus supply has previously been shown to exert strong inhibition of arbuscular mycorrhizal development. Here, we address to what extent inhibition by phosphorus is influenced by other nutritional pathways in the interaction between Petunia hybrida and R. We show that phosphorus and nitrogen are the major nutritional determinants of the interaction.
Interestingly, the symbiosis-promoting effect of nitrogen starvation dominantly overruled the suppressive effect of high phosphorus nutrition onto arbuscular mycorrhiza, suggesting that plants promote the symbiosis as long as they are limited by one of the two major nutrients. Our results also show that in a given pair of symbiotic partners Petunia hybrida and R. Taken together, these results reveal complex nutritional feedback mechanisms in the control of root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
The distribution of vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in India. Vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are widely distributed throughout the area studied including different altitudes ranging from sea level to ft above sea level. Mean species diversity was found to be maximum in the areas thickly vegetated and undisturbed. Phosphorus and nitrogen regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Petunia hybrida.
Shoot- and root-borne cytokinin influences arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. The arbuscular mycorrhizal AM symbiosis is functionally important for the nutrition and growth of most terrestrial plants. Nearly all phytohormones are employed by plants to regulate the symbiosis with AM fungi, but the regulatory role of cytokinin CK is not well understood. We focus particularly on the function of arbuscular mycorrhizal AM symbioses with different outcomes for plant growth from positive Tripartite symbiosis of Sophora tomentosa, rhizobia and arbuscular mycorhizal fungi.
Sophora tomentosa is a pantropical legume species with potential for recovery of areas degraded by salinization, and for stabilization of sand dunes. However, few studies on this species have been carried out, and none regarding its symbiotic relationship with beneficial soil microorganisms. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from nodules of Sophora tomentosa, and to analyze the occurrence of colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the roots of this legume in seafront soil.
Thus, seeds, root nodules, and soil from the rhizosphere of Sophora tomentosa were collected. From the soil samples, trap cultures with this species were established to extract spores and to evaluate arbuscular mycorhizal fungi colonization in legume roots, as well as to capture rhizobia. Rhizobia strains were isolated from nodules collected in the field or from the trap cultures. Representative isolates of the groups obtained in the similarity dendrogram, based on phenotypic characteristics, had their 16S rRNA genes sequenced.
The legume species showed nodules with indeterminate growth, and reddish color, distributed throughout the root. Fifty-one strains of these nodules were isolated, of which 21 were classified in the genus Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus, Rhizobium and especially Sinorhizobium. Strains closely related to Sinorhizobium adhaerens were the predominant bacteria in nodules.
The other genera found, with the exception of Rhizobium, are probably endophytic bacteria in the nodules. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was observed colonizing the roots, but arbuscular mycorhizal fungi spores were not found in the trap cultures. Therefore Sophora tomentosa is associated with both arbuscular mycorhizal fungi and nodulating nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
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Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. Applications of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in research of medicinal plant cultivation are increased in recent years. Medicinal plants habitat is complicated and many inclusions are in root, however crop habitat is simple and few inclusions in root. So appraisal methods and key technologies about the symbiotic system of crop and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can't completely suitable for the symbiotic system of medicinal plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
This article discuss the appraisal methods and key technologies about the symbiotic system of medicinal plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the isolation and identification of arbuscular mycorrhiza, and the appraisal of colonization intensity. This article provides guidance for application research of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cultivation of medicinal plants. Dynamic of arbuscular mycorrhizal population on Amazon forest from the south Colombia.
This work compared changes occurred on the number of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores at three mature forests and three regenerative forests, before and after clear-cutting. Results suggest that it is possible to predict the quantity of arbuscular mycorrhizal inocule after clear-cutting if initial number and type of forests is known before. Survival mycorrhizal populations colonize regenerative forests. Optical properties of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal structures.
It was already reported by B. The source of the so called autofluorescence appears to be localized in the fungal cell wall. This supports the use of photoluminescence for the evaluation of AM colonization. However, the interpretation of these results is still in discussion []. In this work, arbuscular mycorrhizal spores were isolated from the rhizosphere of mango Mangifera indica L. This experimental setup allows the capture of images of the mycorrhizal structures as usual in a standard epifluorescence microscope combined with measurements of their corresponding emission bands.
The preliminary results based on images obtained by standard EM do not clearly show that the emission is originated in the fungal cell walls as reported in Ref. On the other hand, a very broad emission band in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum was observed in these spores by exciting at nm and nm. This broad band seems to be composed of two narrower bands peaked around and nm and with FWHM of 50 nm and nm, respectively.
The profile of the observed emission band is in good agreement with the bands reported in Ref. However, our results for spores show that the maxima of the narrower bands are shifted to higher energies in comparison to the corresponding bands observed in Ref. Effects of whey on the colonization and sporulation of arbuscular The aim of this study is to research the effect of 2 different doses of whey [50 ml kg-1 W50 and ml kg-1 W ], an important organic waste, on colonization and sporulation of arbuscular mycorhizal fungus AMF Glomus intraradices' G.
Petroleum hydrocarbons PH affect plant growth and development by limiting water absorption and nutrient availability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF have been demonstrated to increase plant tolerance of grass species to PH, but the performance of AMF on legume species during phytorremediation of PH-contaminated soils has been scarcely understood. Thus, this research evaluated the effects of AMF on tolerance and growth of Melilotus albus in a diesel-contaminated soil.
Existe evidencia suficiente para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en diversos profesionales especialmente entre los trabajadores de salud. Correlation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization with plant growth, nodulation, and shoot npk in legumes. Correlation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization with different root and shoot growth, nodulation and shoot NPK parameters was studied in three legumes viz. Trifolium alexandrianum, Medicago polymorpha and Melilotus parviflora. The three test legume species showed different patterns of root and shoot growth, nodulation, mycorrhizal colonization and shoot N, P and K content.
Different mycorrhizal structures viz. Mycelial infection showed an insignificantly positive correlation with root and shoot dry biomass and total root length. Maximum root length was however, negatively associated with mycelial infection. Both arbuscular and vesicular infections were negatively correlated with shoot dry biomass and different parameters of root growth.
The association between arbuscular infection and maximum root length was significant. All the three mycorrhizal structures showed a positive correlation with number and biomass of nodules. The association between arbuscular infection and nodule number was significant. Mycelial infection was positively correlated with percentage and total shoot N and P. Similarly percentage N was also positively correlated with arbuscular and vesicular infections. By contrast, total shoot N showed a negative association with arbuscular as well as vesicular infections.
Similarly both percentage and total shoot P were negatively correlated with arbuscular and vesicular infections. Fungal and plant gene expression in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Arbuscular mycorrhizas AMs are a unique example of symbiosis between two eukaryotes, soil fungi and plants.
This association induces important physiological changes in each partner that lead to reciprocal benefits, mainly in nutrient supply. The symbiosis results from modifications in plant and fungal cell organization caused by specific changes in gene expression. Recently, much effort has gone into studying these gene expression patterns to identify a wider spectrum of genes involved.
We aim in this review to describe AM symbiosis in terms of current knowledge on plant and fungal gene expression profiles. The effect of inoculation with vesicular— arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of barley in the field was studied at two levels of soil P on plots fumigated with methyl bromide. During the vegetative phase, growth and P uptake was influenced only by soil P; P uptake in the period from earing Mycorrhizal infection in inoculated plots was first observed 25 days after seedling emergence, and final infection levels were c. The introduced endophyte had spread 30 cm horizontally during The importance of vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhiza VAM and P fertilizer for P nutrition and dry matter production in field peas Pisum sativum L.
Half of the experimental plots were fumigated to reduce the level of VAM infection. Shoots and 0 to 30 cm The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. A supplementary survey on infection development at five other field sites showed that peas are extensively colonized by VAM fungi, even in soils where a standard DELLA proteins regulate arbuscule formation in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Most flowering plants are able to form endosymbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
In this mutualistic association, the fungus colonizes the root cortex and establishes elaborately branched hyphae, called arbuscules, within the cortical cells. Arbuscule development requires the cellular reorganization of both symbionts, and the resulting symbiotic interface functions in nutrient exchange. A plant symbiosis signaling pathway controls the development of the symbiosis. Several components of the pathway have been identified, but transcriptional regulators that control downstream pathways for arbuscule formation are still unknown.
Here we show that DELLA proteins, which are repressors of gibberellic acid GA signaling and function at the nexus of several signaling pathways, are required for arbuscule formation. GA signaling also influences arbuscule formation in monocots, and a Green Revolution wheat variety carrying dominant DELLA alleles shows enhanced colonization but a limited growth response to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, plant chemistry, and aboveground herbivory on Senecio jacobaea. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF can affect insect herbivores by changing plant growth and chemistry. However, many factors can influence the symbiotic relationship between plant and fungus, potentially obscuring experimental treatments and ecosystem impacts. In a field experiment, we assessed AMF. Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism.
EH - Ecology, Behaviour Impact factor: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi counteract the Janzen-Connell effect of soil pathogens. Soilborne pathogens can contribute to diversity maintenance in tree communities through the Janzen-Connell effect, whereby the pathogenic reduction of seedling performance attenuates with distance from conspecifics.
By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF have been reported to promote. A phenotypic plasticity framework for assessing intraspecific variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal traits.
Statistical models of ecosystem functioning based on species traits are valuable tools for predicting how nutrient cycling will respond to global change. Results obtained with the new CRAM solver and the original depletion solver of ORIGEN are compared to high precision reference calculations, which shows the new solver to be orders of magnitude more accurate. Furthermore, in most cases, the new solver is up to several times faster due to not requiring similar substepping as the original one.
Allegorical interpretation of places in Origen 's homilies on the book of Joshua. Work has been performed to improve the accuracy of ORIGEN 2 results by updating both the decay library and the fission yield data in the cross-section library. The results from calculations performed with the code often form the basis for the study and design of reprocessing plants, spent-fuel shipping casks, waste treatment systems, and disposal facilities.
The impact of these new data was then evaluated. Many of these libraries are under validation. La guirnalda de las letras: Conferencia celebrada en Lyon por los Amigos del Museo Guimet, el 8 de junio de The overall goal of this approach is to facilitate evaluations of nuclear fuel inventories for a broad space of scenarios, including extended used nuclear fuel storage and cascading impacts on fuel cycle options such as actinide recovery in used nuclear fuel, particularly for multiple recycle scenarios.
The advantages of a physics-based approach compared to a recipe-based approach which has been typically employed for fuel cycle simulators is in its inherent flexibility; such an approach can more readily accommodate the broad space of potential isotopic vectors that may be encountered under advanced fuel cycle options. The ORIGEN depletion module is a rigorously benchmarked and extensively validated tool for nuclear fuel analysis and thus its incorporation into the Cyclus framework can bring these capabilities to bear on the problem of evaluating long-term impacts of fuel cycle option choices on relevant metrics of interest, including materials inventories and availability for multiple recycle scenarios , long-term waste management and repository impacts, etc.
Developing this Origen -based analysis capability for Cyclus requires the refinement of the Origen analysis sequence to the point where it can reasonably be compiled as a standalone sequence outside of SCALE; i. The isotopic inventory, core activity and decay heat are calculated in one run for the entire core using explicit depletion and decay of each fuel assembly.
This application uses information on core loading pattern to determine fuel assembly specific depletion history using 3D burnup which is obtained from related PARCS computer code calculation. That way both detailed single assembly calculations as well as whole core inventory calculations are possible. As one additional possibility, with the post-ori application it is able to calculate radiotoxicity from calculated ORIGEN 2. In an event of accidental liberation of radioactive material to the environment from a nuclear power plant, decisions must be taken quickly to supply the need of mitigating actions.
Thus, it is important a fast, clear and safe access to all information about the source term. By using the software MATLAB it is possible to develop an output routine with graphic presentation to some necessary data for an emergency analysis. In advance, preliminary results will be presented. SNF source term calculations also require a significant amount of bookkeeping to track quantities such as core and assembly operating histories, spent fuel pool SFP residence times, heavy metal masses, and enrichments.
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However, given the large scope of the analysis, extensive scripting is necessary to convert formats and process data to create thousands of ORIGAMI input files one per assembly and to process the results into formats readily usable by follow-on analysis tools. This document includes a description and user guide for the GUI, a step-by-step tutorial for a simplified scenario, and appendices that document the file structures used. Se ha utilizado el Cuestionario de factores predictores de la violencia escolar para universitarios. A brief introduction is given to the problem of the origin of mass from the perspective of modern particle physics.
Also an elementary discussion about the standard model of particles and their interactions is presented, together with a sketch of the Higgs mechanism, which in this model is responsible for the generation of the masses of the fundamental particles. Resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella spp aislada de alimentos de origen animal para consumo humano. Full Text Available Objetivos. Se excluyeron estudios realizados como parte de estudio de brotes o casos de infecciones en humanos. The method has been used to generate ORIGEN-S cross section libraries on a personal computer resulting in a great reduction of computer time without a sacrifice of accuracy over that required by corresponding SAS2H calculations.
The axial liquid- to-steam change of state in BWR systems leads to a variation in the water density and significant cross-section changes as a function of the water density. In its original version, ARP does not account for the effects of water-density variation in ORIGEN-S cross-section library generation, and, therefore, its application is restricted to systems for which the impact of this parameter is negligible. To update the ARP methodology to account for the water-density effect, a detailed study of the cross-section change with this parameter was performed with an 8 x 8 General Electric BWR assembly.
The verification of the libraries were performed by the analyses of post irradiation examinations for the fuels from European PWR. By the analysis of PIE data from PWR in United States, the comparison was made between calculation and experimental results in the case of that parameters for making the libraries are different from irradiation conditions.
El concepto de personalidad multicultural: Automation of ORIGEN 2 calculations for the transuranic waste baseline inventory database using a pre-processor and a post-processor. The resulting radionuclide inventories are needed for performance assessment calculations for the WIPP site. All the programs run on a PC or higher with a math co-processor or a computer platform running under VMS operating system.
Ideas de estudiantes de instituto y universidad acerca del significado y el origen de las mareas. Variabilidad de establecer el sistema de denominaciones de origen de los productores agroalimentarios en Costa Rica. Full Text Available Con base en la opinion de personas vincu- ladas al desarrollo rural y a los sectores agricola y alimentario, se explor6 la viabilidad de esta- blecer en Costa Rica un sistema de denomina- ciones de origen , como un medio para la valora- estabcion y promocion de productos agricolas y ali- menticios tradicionales, con un origen geografi- co reconocible.
La poblaci6n consultada mostr6 un bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre el tema; sin embargo, se percibi6 una alta valoracion para es- te tipo de productos y una percepcion positiva acerca de las ventajas del establecimiento del sistema en Costa Rica, principalmente en el me- establishjoramiento de la imagen y calidad de los produc- tos y en la apertura de nuevos mercados.
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Se in- dicaron como factores limitantes para su imple- mentacion, entre otros, el insuficiente conoci- miento y experiencia acerca del sistema. Se re- comendo realizar nuevas investigaciones sobre knowllos productos que preliminarmente presentaron caracteristicas promisorias para ser incluidas en el sistema, 10 mismo que profundizar en el ana- lisis del marco normativo e institucional para la adecuacion de una estructura general de organi- syszacion y operaci6n del sistema.
The Materials Characterization Center MCC at Pacific Northwest Laboratory is responsible for providing characterized spent fuel, designated approved testing material ATMs for subsequent use in the investigation of nuclear waste disposal forms by the US Department of Energy geologic repository project. The ATMs are selected to assure that test material is available that has a representative range of characteristics important to spent-fuel behavior in a geologic repository.
Burnup and fission gas release were the primary criteria for selecting the ATMs. Radiochemical analyses of the fuel included measurements of Nd for fuel burnup , the isotopes of uranium and plutonium, and nuclides of importance to repository performance. Cladding samples were analyzed for 14 C. Memoria y recuerdo en el Reino Medio egipcio: Acerca de un mito de origen en el papiro Westcar. It can be used to solve for spent fuel characterization, isotopic inventory, radiation source terms, and decay heat.
The printout of the fixed energy group structure photon tables was removed. Gamma sources and spectra are now printed for calculations using the Master Photon Library only. The libraries span enrichments from 1. Em busca das origens desenvolvimentais dos transtornos mentais Searching for the developmental origins of mental disorders. Developmental psychopathology is a discipline that integrates epidemiological, social, genetic, developmental, and psychopathological perspectives to understand the origins and courses of mental disorders.
In the present paper, theoretical concepts and approaches applied with the purpose of understanding the developmental origins of mental disorders are discussed. According to developmental psychopathology, mental disorders are possible outcomes of the developmental process that depend upon social, genetic, and environmental influences. These factors are linked in different ways and levels, exerting a dimensional effect.
The following factors are addressed: Currently, in the EU, activities related to interim storage of spent fuel are constantly increasing. This is particularly true in Finland and Sweden, where final geological repository sites are planned to be operational in and respectively, but also in several other countries where fuel is moved from wet ponds to dry storage Germany, Belgium, Spain, Czech, Bulgaria, etc. A frequently-used tool for the verification of the nuclear material during loading is the 'Fork' detectors for gross gamma and neutron counting.
Under the framework of the U. These calculations also used response functions, developed using Monte Carlo modeling, to account for the detection probabilities of both neutron and photon particles that originated in each fuel pin. By assuming that irradiation is days, neutron flux average of 2. The highest activity after days of irradiation demonstrated by Be 7.
Radioactivity generated getting smaller when irradiation time are long. From this analysis it can be conclude that radioactivity was caused by impurities present in Be such as Mn, Fe, Zn, and Li This paper covers the origin, development and perspectives pertaining to the notion of urban matters, and urban planning.
Also, on this topic will carry out a time-space analysis of the notions that have enjoyed more relevance in the history within this field of study. Finally, the policy immersed therein and their proper use, are discussed. La Ruta de los Origenes stops in Montsec: The main objective of this project is to establish a touristic route on both sides of the Pyrenees to approach Origins topic to the public. This project is developed by six partners, three in Catalonia and three in Midi-Pyrenees, and is focused in Astronomy, Paleontology and Archaelogy.
Montsec mountains are placed in the Pre-Pyrenees area of Lleida province and they are a very good place for astronomy dark skies, good seeing, good weather conditions. Parc Astronomic Montsec is the major astronomy project in that area and it includes a research astronomical observatory and an outreach and education center. So Montsec mountains and their Parc Astronomic are one of the stops of this route with an important number of activities to approach astronomy to public. Vocalizaciones y gestos en el origen del lenguaje: La segunda apunta al desarrollo previo de un lenguaje de signos, el cual eventualmente dio lugar al lenguaje hablado.
The article deals with the question of a possible reception of Origen 's ideas about universal salvation in Danish theology and literature in the 19th century. The focus is on H. Andersen who were positive towards the idea about universal salvation and P Full Text Available La principal causa de absentismo en el trabajo, es la incapacidad derivada de enfermedades, incluyendo a los accidentes de trabajo y particulares, las cuales pueden constituir hasta las tres cuartas partes del absentismo en la industria.
Indice de Frecuencia de 0. Rev Med Hered ; Full Text Available Fundamento: Aunque no son frecuentes, algunos autores han comunicado brotes de faringoamigdalitis de origen alimentario. El mezcal como patrimonio social: En este texto se presenta el estado del conocimiento sobre las sinergias en el subcampo de la estrategia corporativa. Taquiarritmias supraventriculares de origen atrial. This article explains the electrocardiographic characteristics of those arrhythmias from atrial tissue.
Full Text Available The importance of the fortress of the Higth Middle Age in the constitution of the feudal jurisdictions around the year is illustrated in this work which is the origin of the castle and a lordship of Aranga now municipality of Galicia from the family of Traba.
Th king Alfonso IX of Leon and Galicia transferred in , the domain jurisdiction from a Aranga to Monastery of Sobrado, against the opinion of their vassals and peasants who, in , preferring to continue to belong to the heirs of the counts of Traba and Aranga. Origen , protagonistas y alianzas. As a starting point, it argues that financial and business profiles of those involved in the birth of Bank of San Luis Potosi and represented in the Board of Directors are important to understand the system configuration.
Furthermore, the networks extended around the banking company show financial practices of Mexican economy in the last quarter of the 19th century. Shale gas - los yacimientos de hidrocarburos no convencionales: Se ha convertido en un combustible popular tanto para aplicaciones residenciales como industriales.
Esta idea ha dado origen a lo que hemos llamado el Capitalismo Mortuorio o Thana-Capitalism. El origen del 18 de Septiembre Full Text Available Las primeras papas cultivadas probablemente fueron seleccionadas entre 6. Actualmente las papas cultivadas que se siembran en el mundo son conocidas colectivamente bajo el nombre de S.
Full Text Available Desde el siglo V a. From the V century B. Hippocrates described the damages in the nails, which then were related to systemic diseases or acquired. As physicians we must prepare work to detect the effects caused by external factors. However, few published cases of occupational origin nail pathology.
Our review is to provide basic knowledge on this subject. From its definition, function and description of the anatomy. The nail pathology classify as: By acquiring this knowledge we can establish effective prevention guidelines later. The data base for the proposed guide revision has been significantly improved by increasing the number and range of parameters that generally characterize pressurized-water-reactor PWR and boiling-water-reactor BWR spent fuel assemblies.
Using generic PWR and BWR assembly models, calculations were performed with each model for six different burnups at each of three separate specific powers to produce heat rates at 20 cooling times in the range of 1 to y. The proposed procedure specifies proper interpolation formulae for the tabulated heat generation rates.
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Adjustment formulae for the interpolated values are provided to account for differences in initial U enrichment and changes in the specific power of a cycle from the average value. Finally, safety factor formulae were derived as a function of burnup, cooling time, and type of reactor. The proposed guide revision was designed to be easier to use.
Also, the complete data base and guide procedure is incorporated into an interactive code called LWRARC which can be executed on a personal computer. In addition, a detailed analysis of the proposed procedure indicated the method and equations to be valid. Riqueza, uso y origen de plantas medicinales expendidas en los mercados de la ciudad del Cusco. Full Text Available Se estudiaron las plantas medicinales expendidas en cinco mercados principales de la ciudad del Cusco: Asteraceae con 36 y Lamiaceae 12; las especies con la mayor frecuencia de venta y compra fueron: Full Text Available Huge lobate deposits called aureoles are covering the base of the giant Martian volcanic constructs of Tharsis dome.
The origin of these structures has been a matter of debate between two competing hypotheses: Here we consider the most important of the aureoles, near Arsia Mons, concluding that the glacier model explains best the deposit features, such as the layering, the ridges interpreted as glaciotectonic ones, and the lobated terrain. We then discuss the fit of these proposed glacier deposits in the present paleoclimatic Martian models. Al pie de los grandes volcanes marcianos del domo de Tharsis aparecen unas formas lobuladas que han recibido el nombre de aureolas. Origen , desarrollo y declive de las competencias individuales en tiempos de incertidumbre.
Full Text Available The article presents an analysis of intercultural mediation in the associations of African-origin immigrants in three regions Catalonia, Valencia and Navarre. Specifically, we present how this is being carried out together with the situation of the mediators based on a survey of associations of immigrant-origin people and thirty interviews fifteen with managers; ten with administrations and entities that habitually work with these associations and five with non-associated immigrants.
The results indicate that the associations are place of coexistence, but a significant proportion of these lack specific clear objectives in their work with their users and other social agents. This practice in the associations is incipient, in contrast with the trend in the Spanish entities, witch now are beginning to apply this in the educational, health and family environments.
Furthermore, the African associations often distort this concept considering it simply as a conversation among their own people. Pero, en estos momentos, no creemos que se pueda pensar en una alternativa igual de convincente a la que proponemos. Origens do paradigma desenvolvimentalista: Using the updated photon library, the calculation of photon spectrum at a short time after fission event is able to be made.
Las reglas de origen han empezado a ser analizadas recientemente, autores como: This code has one-grouped cross section libraries compiled for various types of reactors. However, these libraries have some problems. And eight new libraries are prepared using this tool for analysis of sodium-cooled FBR. These new libraries are prepared for eight kinds of cores in total. Seven of them are made by changing core size small core - large core , fuel type oxide, nitride, metal and Pu vector as a parameter. The eighth one is a Pu burner core. Burnup calculation using both new and original libraries, shows large difference in buildup or depletion numbers of nuclides among the libraries.
It is estimated that the analysis result is greatly influenced by the neutron spectrum which is used in collapse of cross section. By using this tool or new libraries, it seems to improve evaluation accuracy of buildup or depletion numbers of nuclides in transmutation research on FBR fuel cycle. Nowadays it is possible to perform burnup simulation in a detailed 3D geometry and a continuous energy description by the Monte Carlo method. This paper describes an initial project to create and verify a connection code to link Origen 2. Essentially the code includes point depletion capability to the MCNP code.
The incorporation of point depletion capability is explicit and can be summarized by three steps: To evaluate the initial version of the program, we focused on comparing the results with one of the major Monte Carlo burnup codes: The input files for all codes share the same MCNP geometry, nuclear data library and core thermal power. While simulating 75 time steps at kw of a Heat Pipe Power System model, we have found that the codes generate very similar results. The neutron flux and criticality value of the core agree, especially in the begin of burnup when the influence of fission products are not very considerable.
The small difference encountered was probably caused by the difference in the number of isotopes considered in the transport models 89 MCNPX x 25 GB author. In Many situations of nuclear system study, it is necessary to know the detailed particle flux in a geometry. Deterministic 1-D and 2-D methods aren't suitable to represent some strong 3-D behavior configurations, for example in cores where the neutron flux varies considerably in the space and Monte Carlo analysis are necessary.
The majority of Monte Carlo transport calculation codes, performs time static simulations, in terms of fuel isotopic composition. The method to develop the program proposed followed the methodology of other programs used to the same purpose. The neutron flux and criticality value of core agree. The neutron flux and criticality value of the core agree, especially in beginning of burnup when the influence of fission products are not very considerable.
The small difference encountered was probably caused by the difference in the number of isotopes considered in the transport models 89 MCNPX x 25 GB. Next step of this work is to adapt MCNP version 4C to work with a memory higher than its standard value 4MB , in order to allow a greater number of isotopes in the transport model. Se aplica el modelo para entender que el resultado de los procesos de semiosis son seres bioculturales. A este proceso se le llama semiosis biocultural para enfatizar el proceso que le da estructura. Abstract The human being is a being in development, so its understanding requires a study of the process.
Here we present a perspective on how humans develop as bio-cultural beings and a solving model. We worked with a biological, semiotic and complexity base. On these theoretical foundations three phenomena interact to build the identified human bio-cultural char- acteristics. The model was applied to understand that the outcome of the processes of semiosis is a bio-cultural being.
Ontogenetic origin of the signs is the product of semiosis that happens in the first moments after birth. This process is called biocultural semiosis to emphasize the process that gives structure. Nesse trabalho, se apresenta uma perspectiva sobre como os seres humanos se. La disputa fronteriza entre India y China: The method is strongly dependent on the available nuclear structure data, i. Consequently, the improvements in the nuclear structure data could have guaranteed more reliable decay heat estimation for short cooling times after fission.
Although the impacts of decay data errors are quite small, it reminds us the possible importance of decay data when estimating the decay heat for short cooling times after a fission event. Full Text Available The author deals with the human impact over its surrounding, which frecuently give rise to ecological disasters known as of anthropic origen. It is considered urgent to review some aspects which interfere with environmental education, putting at risk the survival of young generation already born.
In consequence, it is of interest to focus the problem from the epistemological point of view, placing special attention to those thoughts which makes it hard to work the environmental education to wards preventing situations which threatens the population wellbeing. To that goal the water management example is briefly used to present part of disasters of anthropic origen. Se caracterizaron HF en tres regiones del estado: La familia mejor representada fue la Fabaceae con el 9. Las calcificaciones vasculares CV contribuyen directamente en la morbimortalidad general, y de forma especial en la ERC.
Estudios experimentales en animales y observacionales en humanos sugieren que el InsP6 puede prevenir la litiasis, las CV y proteger de la osteoporosis. The procedures performed in this data reduction process are also described herein. Masses, thermal powers, and activities were reported for each category.
The ORlGEN2-predicted burnup-dependent actinide compositions of KMRR spent fuel using the newly developed data base show a good agreement with the results of detailed multigroup transport calculation. In addition, the burnup characteristics of KMRR spent fuel was analyzed with the new data base. Hay entonces que repl After the operation of a nuclear research reactor at a higher power more than kW , a cooling time is required to remove the residual heat from the core due to the heat produced by the energy emitted by fission products, this fact is common in reactors. El origen de los salasacas de la Sierra ecuatoriana.
Full Text Available En el cine actual, los imaginarios proyectados en el futuro reflejan las inquietudes de hoy. Despite technological advances in a globalized world conflicts always arise about authorship of scientific procedures. To help resolve the conflicts that arise about the origin of transfacial surgery we have been entertained with bibliographical support to organize the aspects of a possible origin and author as it is understood today. Without forgetting people in history that in the XIX century foreshadowed and provided ideas from which we could determine who was the first to write the content and true possibilities.
Putting those who incorporated the procedure late, with pretensions of protagonism in their place. Secao de Engenharia Nuclear. As there is a large stock of available thorium in the world, this element shows great promise in mitigate the world energy crisis, more particularly in the problem of uranium scarcity, besides being an alternative nuclear fuel for those currently used in reactors, and yet presenting advantages as an option for the non-proliferation movement, among others.
Radiations and regulation of ionizing radiations from nuclear sources ; Radiaciones y regulacion de las radiaciones ionizantes de origen nuclear. Some contextual aspects of the regulatory action regarding the use of ionizing radiations X-rays excluded are made explicit. Some sociological aspects establishing the framework for the regulatory action, a tentative definition of what a regulator is and the role of precaution on his acting are discussed.
Furthermore, a unified definition of human nature and physical nature i. Se muestran cuales son las consideraciones de tipo sociologico que permiten enmarcar la actividad de un regulador, se intenta una definicion del mismo y se discute cual es el rol de la precaucion en su accionar. Se introduce ademas una definicion abarcadora en la consideracion de la naturaleza humana y la naturaleza fisica es decir la naturaleza al efecto de su proteccion con respecto a las RI, al tiempo que se define el marco etico adecuado para su consideracion.
It is known that isotope "2"3"2thorium is a fertile nuclide with the ability to convert into "2"3"3uranium, a potentially fissile isotope, after absorbing a neutron. In this study, the analysis of the remaining nuclides of burnup was carried out for the core configuration of a PWR pressurized water reactor reactor, specifically the Angra 2 reactor, using only uranium dioxide, its current configuration, and in different configurations including a mixed oxide of uranium and thorium in three concentrations, allowing a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of the modification of the fuel, the resulting production of "2"3"3uranium, the emergence of "2"3"1protactinium an isotope that only occurs as a fission product of "2"3"2Th resulting from burning.
Comparison of pituitary and recombinant human thyrotropin standards in an immunoradiometric system; Comparacion de estandares de tirotropina de origen hipofisario y recombinante en un sistema immunoradiometrico. Results of two standards of human thyrotropin of pituitaries B and recombinant C origen supplied by the Instituto of pesquisas Energeticas y Nucleares, Brazil, were compared in our immunoradiometric reference system that use an human thyrotropin pituitary standard of local production A.
This work was supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency for an inter-regional comparison and set up of a reference standard. The evolution of public health in Spain during the 19th century can be divided into three stages. In the first stage , the reign of Fernando VII prevented the development of the liberal postulates: The second stage , was characterized by the legislative development of sanitary organization in Spain. Septic pulmonary embolism is a serious and rare illness characterized by pulmonary infiltrates associated with an extrapulmonary infectious focus.
It is mainly related to right-sided endocarditis, pelvic thrombophlebitis, vascular access and less frequently to deep infections such as osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and pyomyositis. The community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA is an emerging pathogen with high virulence and rapid spread involving subjects without previous related diseases or known risk factors.
It causes infections of skin and soft tissue and less frequently other serious infections such as necrotizing fascitits, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, pyomyositis and necrotizing pneumonia. Epidemiologically, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations differ from those caused by MRSA acquired in the hospital. We present the case of a 67 year-old male with septic. Origens das formas budistas. Full Text Available http: Com base nas origens dos nervos femorais do M.
Full Text Available In , in the Kingdom of Naples, the Jews were expelled or converted to Christianity resulting in an important community of New Christians that flourished and remained until the mid th. During a process of social assimilation and consequently dissolution, a significant number of the members of the community was subject to the Roman Inquisition. The faith trials reveal how complex the community composition was, linked mainly to two outstanding families: These families had acquired feudal properties, nobility titles and preeminent positions in magistracy, attributes which placed them among those who held effective power.
But the community included more humble families and individuals as well. Internal conflicts led to a break in solidarity and inquisitors took advantage of lack of protection by judging and imposing severe sentences reserved for the Crypto-Jews. Vegetative propagation of pomegranate with vegetal material of different origins under types of substratesAbstract: The objective of this study to investigate the influence of different sources of plant material and substrates in the vegetative propagation of pomegranate Punica granatum L..
Each replication consisted of five cuttings. Cuttings were prepared with the aid of a pruning shears collected in the median position of the branch for the standardized diameter of 2 to 4 mm. At 45 days, we assessed the number of shoots per cutting, length of the longest shoot, number of leaves per cutting, length of roots. This paper shows a methodology to determine the radioactive inventory of a fuel assembly of the RP design core, which was proposed in , using the ORIGEN 2. La falta de reconocimiento del origen laboral de algunos tumores malignos conlleva que el coste de su asistencia sanitaria recaiga sobre el Sistema Nacional de Salud.
Se estudiaron superficies pulidas, peels y cortes pet Los haplotipos STR de cromosoma Y han sido ampliamente utilizados en estudios de poblaciones para establecer el origen de diversas poblaciones. Del trabajo de campo hemos seleccionados relatos de vida que nos resultan significativos en tanto encontramos en ellos las explicaciones que los sujetos entrevistados dan de los procesos sociales. El relato de vida es el fragmento del texto oral que da cuenta de aquellos temas que nos hemos propuesto conocer.
According to this model, the strains developed in the Hercynian basement around shear zones resulting from the Alpine tectonic activity, during Lower to Middle Tertiary times, would have given rise to episodic remobilizations of the U by hydrothermal flu ids. Consequently, when the dilatant zones collapsed, these U bearing solutions, geothermal in character, were expelled towards the surface depositing the U and accompanying minerals in fractures and breccias associated to the wrench faults.
Verification with other codes as well as validation with a non-destructive test result showed promising results where a good agreement was confirmed. Full Text Available Objetivo: El zorro del cielo: Full Text Available There are many theories and researches which analyze the origin of violent conducts, not in a specific way regarding the violence which takes place within the educational context but oriented to the violent young behavior. In this research it is analyzed the perception of university students recent High School students regarding the aspects related to the origin of the violent conduct.
The sample is compound by a total of university individuals belonging to the degree of Psychology and Teaching specialized in Early-Primary and Primary Education. A Questionnaire with predictor factors of school violence for university students is used. Un repaso por el origen y una mirada puesta en el presente.
Un repaso hacia el origen de un nuevo medio con el que ya convivimos y una mirada puesta en el presente de su desarrollo vertiginoso. Representative calculations documented in these two reports were repeated using RADNUC2-A, and the results were identical to the documented results. This serves as verification that version 2A of Radnuc was used for the applications noted above; the same version was tested herein, and perfect agreement was shown.
The composition calculation and the activity of nuclear materials subject to processes of burnt, irradiation and decay periods are of utility for diverse activities inside the nuclear industry, as they are it: ORIGEN is a program for computer that calculates the composition and the activity of nuclear materials subject to periods of burnt, irradiation and decay.