In January Germany ordered a small pre-series of three hulls and two turrets which were delivered in These vehicles had increased armour protection on the front of the hull. One of the hulls was fitted with the earlier turret T21 and was used by the German army school in Munster for troop trials until The first batch consisted of tanks. The delivery of six tanks was scheduled for , for , for and tanks each following year. The first series tank was delivered on 25 October By the first batch of Leopard 2 tanks was completed. The first production tanks were fitted with the PzB image intensifier due to production shortages of the new thermal night-sight system, which was later retrofitted to the earlier models.

After the original five batches, three further batches of Leopard 2 tanks were ordered, increasing the amount of Leopard 2 tanks ordered by Germany to a total of 2, The seventh batch of tanks was produced between May and April The last batch for the German army totalling 75 tanks was produced from January to March While previous models only varied in detail, the Leopard 2A4 introduced a digital ballistic computer and an improved fire extinguishing system.

Starting within the sixth batch tanks were fitted with an improved armour array and new side skirts. In the German military procurement agency stated a number of requirements for a future Leopard 2 upgrade. In , the Kampfwertsteigerung combat potential increasement programme was initiated in Germany with the delivery of first prototypes. The official military requirements were published in March The base armour of the tank was exchanged and additional armour modules were installed at the turret. A first batch of Leopard 2 tanks was upgraded to Leopard 2A5 configuration between and , a second batch of followed to In it was decided to cancel due to changes in the political environment.

The funds were redirected to the NGP project of the German army. The Leopard 2A6M was developed with an enhanced mine-protection kit providing protection against mines that can detonate below the hull like mines with bending wire trigger and EFP mines. The latest version of the tank is the Leopard 2A7, which entered service in a small initial batch of 20 tanks in In April , Welt am Sonntag claimed that tungsten wolfram rounds used in Leopard 2 cannot penetrate the Russian T, nor the modernized version of T They also stated that the German military will develop a new improved round, but it will be exclusively developed for the Leopard 2A7.

Marketing for the new gun was slated to begin in The Leopard 2 first entered service in , and its service life is anticipated to end around In May , the German Ministry of Defence announced plans to develop a tank jointly with France as a successor to both the Leopard 2 and Leclerc tanks. Technologies and concepts will be investigated to determine what capabilities are needed in a future tank.

Germany has fielded about 2, Leopard 2 main battle tanks in various versions, but most of the tanks were sold following the German reunification. Other countries bought newly or locally built tanks. The Swiss decision was made on 24 August and the funding was subsequently approved by the government in The Leopard 2 became very popular in the s, when the shrinking German army offered many of its redundant Leopard 2s at a reduced price. But with further non-European orders, the name " Global-Leopard " is now used instead.

After investigating the option of a locally developed replacement for the Strv tank, Sweden decided to buy a foreign tank model. Sweden contracted on 20 June the production of Stridsvagn Swedish Leopard 2A5 subvariant with many components being made locally.

The first Stridsvagn was delivered on 19 December Sweden also leased and later bought a total of Leopard 2A4 tanks in and ; the first vehicle was delivered in February Denmark bought 51 ex-German Leopard 2A4 tanks after the Danish military school, the Haerens Kampskole , recommended to base the adoption of a new tank on the Swedish army trials. The tanks were delivered in , but the upgrade to Leopard 2A5 level was already decided. In the Danish army bought another 18 ex-German Leopard 2 tanks. In , Greece held a competition to determine the main battle tank for the Hellenic army.

In March Greece ordered Leopard 2 tanks of which were locally assembled. Poland received Leopard 2A4 tanks from German army stocks in In Poland ordered a further ex-German Leopard 2s. Finland bought used Leopard 2A4 tanks and six armoured bridge-layer Leopard 2L tanks from Germany in and The tanks served as replacement for the old Soviet-made T and TM1. The Netherlands resold of their tanks and one turret to Austria , 80 to Canada in , [50] another 52 tanks to Norway , 37 to Portugal and finally to Finland.

In , Turkey ordered Leopard 2 tanks from German army stocks. Turkey already wanted to buy 1, Leopard 2 tanks in , but the German government rejected such deal. Singapore bought 96 Leopard 2 tanks from Germany in Qatar ordered 62 Leopard 2A7 tanks and 24 Panzerhaubitze s in [55] The delivery of the tanks started in late and the first tanks were displayed on a military parade on 18 December Saudi Arabia has shown interest in buying the Leopard 2 since the s.

However, due to the political circumstances and the questionable situation of human rights in Saudi Arabia , no deal was made. Saudi Arabia renewed its intention of buying Leopard 2 tanks in The Leopard 2 was also tested by the United Kingdom.


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In the Leopard 2 was evaluated as possible replacement for the Challenger 1 tank. More modern versions of the Leopard 2 or M1 Abrams, such as the Leopard 2A6 were not considered due to their higher price. The vehicles of Panzerbataillon 33 and , were sent from Macedonia to Prizren. They were used for patrols, protecting checkpoints and bases as well as part of the show of force. On 13 June , two members of the Serbian paramilitary started firing from inside a Lada car at one of the checkpoints in Prizren.

A Leopard 2A5 was located at the checkpoint, but it could not participate in the fighting as it was only partially crewed. The tanks served to protect Bundeswehr logistic sites in Macedonia. Until their return in the Leopard 2 tanks were stationed at the Austrian-Swiss camp "Casablanca".

The Dutch contingent in Bosnia-Hercegovina operated Leopard 2 tanks. However, operational experience in Afghanistan , and in particular during Operation Medusa , convinced the Canadian military of the usefulness of maintaining a tank fleet. The Canadian government decided to borrow 20 Leopard 2A6s and three armoured recovery vehicles from Germany for rapid deployment to Afghanistan. It worked as it should.

The Danish tank unit, drawn from the first battalion of the Jydske Dragonregiment Jutland Dragoons Regiment , [69] was equipped with three tanks and one M armoured personnel carrier , with an armoured recovery vehicle and another tank kept in reserve. In January , Danish tanks halted a flanking manoeuvre by Taliban forces near the Helmand River by providing gunfire in support of Danish and British infantry from elevated positions. No one was injured and the tank returned to camp on its own for repairs. Three members of the four-man crew were able to escape even though wounded, but the driver was stuck inside.

On site treatment by Danish medics could not save him. During the same contact with Taliban forces, a second tank was caught in an explosion but none of the crew were wounded. A press release from the British Ministry of Defence praised the tank's fire accuracy and mobility, claiming the Leopard 2 was a decisive factor in the coalition's success.

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Turkey operates Leopard 2A4 tanks. Some of the 10 were damaged by IEDs, while the rest were damaged by anti-tank weapons. Turkey also confirmed the use of Leopard 2A4 tanks during the Turkish military operation in Afrin to the German government. The Leopard 2 uses spaced multilayer armour throughout the design. The armour is a result of extensive research about the formation and penetration mechanism of shaped charge jets.


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    • The frontal arc of the Leopard 2's armour is designed to withstand large caliber kinetic energy penetrators and shaped charge projectiles. The side and the rear of the tank protect against heavy machine guns, medium caliber rounds and older types of tank ammunition.

    The side of the hull is covered by armour skirts to increase protection against projectiles and RPGs. The frontal third of the hull sides is covered by heavy ballistic skirts, while the rest of the hull sides is covered by steel-reinforced rubber skirts. The Leopard 2's design follows the concept of compartmentation; possible sources of fire or explosions have been moved away from the crew.

    In case of a detonation, the blow-off panels on the compartment roofs will direct the explosion and fire away from the crew. They are mounted on most Leopard 2 models, with the exception of Dutch Leopard 2s, which are equipped instead with a Dutch-designed smoke mortar system with six barrels on each side. The Leopard 2 is equipped with a fire protection system.

    Following the Leopard 2's introduction into service in , the armour has been gradually improved over the years. A modified version of spaced multilayer armour was introduced beginning with the 97th vehicle of the 6th production batch. The Leopard 2A5 upgrade focused on increased armour protection. While upgrading a Leopard 2 tank to the Leopard 2A5 configuration, the roof covering the armour modules is cut open and new armour modules are inserted. They have a distinctive arrowhead shape and improve the protection against both kinetic penetrators and shaped charges.

    The Leopard 2A7 features the latest generation of passive armour and belly armour providing protection against mines and IEDs. For urban combat, the Leopard 2 can be fitted with different packages of modular armour. Additional armour packages have been developed by a number of different companies. This upgrade was first presented on the IAV The Leopard 2A4M and 2A6M add an additional mine protection plate for the belly, which increases protection against mines and improvised explosive devices.

    The barrel has a chrome lining to increase barrel life. The Leopard 2 is equipped with two machine guns, one mounted co-axially, the other on an anti-aircraft mount. The standard fire control system found on the Leopard 2 is the German EMES 15 fire control system with a dual magnification stabilised primary sight. The primary sight has an integrated neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet Nd: The thermal image from the commander's periscope is displayed on a monitor inside the tank. The fire control suite is capable of providing up to three range values in four seconds. The range data is transmitted to the fire control computer and is used to calculate the firing solution.

    Also, because the laser rangefinder is integrated into the gunner's primary sight, the gunner is able to read the digital range measurement directly. The Leopard 2 has a torsion bar suspension , and has advanced friction dampers. The running gear consists of seven dual rubber-tyred road wheels and four return rollers per side, with the idler wheel at the front and drive sprocket at the rear. For use in icy ground, up to 18 rubber pads can be replaced by the same number of grousers , which are stored in the vehicle's bow when not in use. It can climb vertical obstacles over one metre high.

    The German Army has prioritised mobility in its Leopard 2, which might be the fastest main battle tank in the world. The baseline Leopard 2, sometimes informally called the "A0" to differentiate it from later versions, was the first series manufactured version. The vehicles were manufactured from October until March , altogether vehicles. Two chassis served as driver training vehicles.

    Minor modifications and the installation of the gunner's thermal sight [1] were worked into the second batch of vehicles Leopard 2 designated the A1; by Krauss-Maffei Chassis Nr. Deliveries of the 2A1 models started in March and ended in November The two most notable changes were the modification of the ammunition racks to be identical to those in the M1 Abrams, and redesigned fuel filters that reduced refuelling time.

    This batch included more minor changes that were later retrofitted to the earlier 2A1s. This designation was given to upgraded vehicles of the first batch of Leopard 2s, brought up to the standard of the second and third batches. This modernisation gradually replaced the original PZB sights in the first batch with thermal sights for the EMES 15 as they became available. Furthermore, the upgrade included the fitting of filler openings and caps to the forward hull fuel tanks to allow separate refuelling, as well as the addition of a deflector plate for the periscope and a large coverplate to protect the existing NBC protection system.

    Finally, the tank was given new five metre towing cables with a different position. The programme began in and ended in ; the third, fourth and fifth batches, which were produced during this period, had the same features.


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      • The modernised first batch can be recognised by the circular plate covering the hole where the cross-wind sensor for the fire-control system was removed. The fourth batch of vehicles; by Krauss-Maffei Chassis Nr. Even with these minor changes the new batch was known as the 2A3. The Leopard 2s were manufactured in eight batches between and All the older models were upgraded to 2A4 standard.

      Until , Germany operated a total of 2, 2A4s newly built and the rest modified older versions , while the Netherlands had an additional tanks. This version included Swiss-built 7. Die Automobilindustrie versucht vergeblich, Alternativen aufzuzeigen. Etwa durch Elektroautos oder Benzin- Direkteinspritzer.

      Nach einem Bericht von Frontal Aber gerade auch moderne Benzin- Direkteinspritzer sind nicht frei vom Dazu beigetragen hat nicht nur der weltweit erste Diesel- Direkteinspritzer , sondern auch das gelungene Konzept einer konservativ gestylten Limousine mit Dass die Anzahl der Direkteinspritzer auf dem Markt steigt, ist klar. Denn sie arbeiten effizienter. Zumindest in puncto Spritverbrauch. Rund 15 Prozent weniger Jetzt geht es den Benzinern an die Geschwindigkeit und Genauigkeit seismischer Interpretation sind entscheidend beim Explorations-Workflow..

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      Meaning of "Direkteinspritzer" in the German dictionary

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      We are using the following form field to detect spammers. Please do leave them untouched. Otherwise your message will be regarded as spam. We are sorry for the inconvenience. Please note that the vocabulary items in this list are only available in this browser. Once you have copied them to the vocabulary trainer, they are available from everywhere. The editorially approved PONS Online Dictionary with text translation tool now includes a database with hundreds of millions of real translations from the Internet.

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