His illness presented convulsions and syncopes On the day 4 to 5, he presented colics, vomits and convulsions 9. In the morning of March 5, he had new " attack". In the day 6, he received the sacraments from the Church, and after, he would have established the regency for his daughter Dona Isabel Maria. On March 7 to 9, he remained in torpor or comatose state. Twenty seven medical bulletins were emitted. In the first one of the day 5, it was declared: In the last bulletin of the day 10, there was the record: It is important to mention that there was rumor that the monarch would have died in the truth before the date officially considered, being delayed the communication for the solution of the problem of the succession left opened.
Machado 9 stood out that the Brazilian phase of the monarch was the happiest of his life. Study recently carried out with the dosage of arsenic and lead in the soft tissues, in the mortal remains of the king, proved this hypothesis of poisoning, possibly by lead arsenate or lead arsenite We can assume that months before the death, the king developed intermittent bouts of severe gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea, besides peripheral neuropathy compatible with probable episodes of arsenic poisoning.
The encephalopathy may be the result of the pathological chain of atherosclerosis initiated by the vicious style of life and genetics, or poisoning, separately or joined. The peripheral neuropathy would have this last appointed cause. The deposition of Dona Carlota Joaquina of successive poisonings exists, but the evidence of the arsenic was made only in the soft tissues, and not in hair, for example, what would indicate undoubtedly more prolonged arsenic exposition 3, The dehydration and hypovolemic shock promoted by diarrhea and vomits may participate in the multicausal chain and the monarch mortal encephalopathy.
However, the finding of arsenic in high doses in the visceras of the monarch points out the poisoning as the basic cause of the death.
Afonso de Portugal, Grão-mestre do Hospital
We are also grateful to the Gabinete de Imprensa da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia for sending the required paper 10 and M. Carvalho for the same reason. We also acknowledge the Faculdade de Medicina da UFRJ administration for allowing the publication of the painting reproduction. O rei do Brasil: Compainha Editora Nacional, Decreto de 2 de abril de Estabelece uma cadeira de Anatomia no Hospital. Teodoro Ferreira de Aguiar. Rev Port Cardiol ; Causas de morte dos reis portugueses. Leonor, nasceu em Torres Novas, a 18 de setembro de ; morreu em Neustadt, a 3 de setembro de , estando sepultada no mosteiro da Ordem de Cister, da mesma cidade.
Leonor radica a linha portuguesa do futuro imperador Carlos V.
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Duarte, nasceu em Alenquer, a 12 de julho de ; morreu pouco depois;. Joana, a Beltraneja , para muitos considerada filha dos amores adulterinos de D. Joana com o nobre D. Antes do casamento teve D. Duarte um filho de D. Afonso V e, nove anos depois, bispo da Guarda, cidade onde nunca residiu.
On the same day, the old constitution of the kingdom came back into force, and the Cortes reconvened to prepare a new text. The change of constitution faced several obstacles, mainly from Spain and from supporters of the queen. Portugal's biggest problems at this time, however, related to the independence of Brazil, which had been the country's largest source of wealth. The loss of Brazil had a great negative impact on the Portuguese economy. An expedition to reconquer the former colony was even considered, but the idea was soon abandoned.
Difficult negotiations and consultations undertaken in Europe in Rio de Janeiro with British mediation and pressure resulted in the final recognition of the independence on 29 August At the same time, the king freed all the Brazilians who were prisoners and authorized trade between both nations. Brazil was required to pay certain funds that it had borrowed from Portugal.
Nothing in the treaty spoke of the succession of the two crowns, but Pedro, still acting as the Prince Royal of Portugal and Algarve, implicitly remained heir to the Portuguese throne. On 4 March , John returned from the Hieronymites Monastery where he had lunched and retired to Bemposta Palace feeling poorly. He was racked for several days by symptoms including vomiting and convulsions.
He appeared to be getting better, but by way of prudence designated his daughter, the infanta Isabel Maria , as regent. On the night of 9 March, he took a turn for the worse and died at approximately 5 a. The infanta immediately assumed the internal government of Portugal, and Pedro was recognized as the legitimate heir as Dom Pedro IV of Portugal. Doctors could not definitively determine a cause of death, but it was suspected that he had been poisoned. Fragments of his heart were rehydrated and submitted to an analysis that detected enough arsenic to kill two people, confirming longstanding suspicions of assassination by poison.
As a youth, John was a retiring figure, heavily influenced by the clergy, and lived surrounded by priests and attending daily Mass in the church. Nonetheless, Oliveira Lima affirms that rather than being an expression of personal piety, this merely reflected Portuguese culture at that time, and that the king Because of this, he was repeatedly the guest of monks and patron to composers of sacred music , but none of these Epicurean or artistic demonstrations compromised his free thought or denatured his skeptical tolerance.
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He made more use of the refectory of the monastery than of its chapel, because [the latter] was about observance and in [the former] one thought of gastronomy, and in terms of observance the pragmatic one was enough for him. In the Royal Chapel he more took pleasure with the senses than he prayed with the spirit: He had a great appreciation of sacred music and was a great reader of works about art, but he detested physical activity. He appeared to have suffered periodic crises of depression. He suffered from panic attacks when he heard thunder, staying in his rooms with the windows shut and receiving no one.
John's marriage was never a happy one. She became pregnant, and John was suspected of being the father. The case was hushed up, and the young woman was sent to Spain to bear the child. She gave birth to a daughter, whose name is unknown. The mother lived the rest of her life in nunneries and John supported her economically. Historians Tobias Monteiro and Patrick Wilcken write that there are indications that John also had a homosexual relationship as a sexual outlet, given his disastrous marriage, in which he lived apart from his wife, with whom he was together only on ceremonial occasions.
While it may have been out of sheer malice, a priest named Miguel stated that he once stumbled upon the scene and therefore was deported to Angola , but not before leaving written testimony. In the precarious and spare environment of Rio, the king's personal habits were simple.
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In contrast to his relative isolation in Portugal, he became more personally dynamic and interested in nature. He went hunting and happily slept in a tent or under a tree. He liked the countryside, despite the swarms of mosquitoes and other pests and the scorching heat of the tropics that were detested by the majority of the Portuguese and other foreigners. John's policies led to far-reaching economic changes, beginning with the opening of the ports and the abolition of the Portuguese commercial monopolies, with the United Kingdom being the great beneficiary. On the one hand, traders based in Brazil had to face strong foreign competition; on the other, it encouraged the creation of new manufacturing and other economic activities that were previously banned, poor or nonexistent in Brazil.
That image is very varied, "but rarely for good reason. It is not strange that the tribulations of his marriage and family life and the references to his personality and personal customs, inviting easy caricature and circulation of an unflattering, if not comic, tradition. That work had enormous repercussions, but, according to the critical commentary of Ronaldo Vainfas, "it is a story full of errors of all types, misrepresentations, imprecisions, inventions"; [82] for historian Luiz Carlos Villalta, "it constitutes a broad attack on historical knowledge", [83] in contrast to director Carla Camurati 's stated intent "to produce a cinematic narrative that would constitute a type of historical novel with pedagogic function and, at the same time, would offer the viewer knowledge of the past and would help, as a people, to think about the present.
It does not offer new historical knowledge to the viewer, even if one were to treat history as a novel: In this way, it leads the viewer more to debauchery than to critical reflection on the history of Brazil". Diverse visual representations of John range from an overweight, oversized, sloppy appearance to a dignified and elegant character.
While some pointed to his countenance of a statesman, others considered him a coward and completely unprepared to govern.
Tycho Brahe Parsed Corpus of Historical Portuguese
In governing, John always depended on strong auxiliaries. He was placed in new circumstances by which he was tested, bowing before them with patience; if incited, he acted with vigor and promptness". On the contrary, he found many accounts that painted him in favorable colors, such as the testimonies left by the British consul Henderson and the U. He asserted his authority without violence, more in a persuasive and affable manner; his conduct of international affairs, although sometimes unsuccessful and somewhat given to imperialist ambitions, in many other ways was far-seeing and harmonious,as indicated by the many actions described above that improved the living conditions of the Brazilian colony.
Nonetheless, the French general Jean-Andoche Junot described him as "a weak man, suspicious of everyone and everything, jealous of his authority but incapable of making it respected. Whatever the king's character may have been, the importance of his reign for a remarkable spurt of development for Brazil and, indeed, for the very unity of that nation is incontestable. Gilberto Freyre affirms that "Dom John VI was one of the personalities who had the greatest influence over the formation of the nation Scholars such as Oliveira Lima, Maria Odila da Silva Dias, Roderick Barman and the aforementioned Laurentino believe that had John not come to the Americas and installed a strong central government, probably the large territory of Brazil, with important regional differences, would have fragmented into several distinct nations, as occurred with the vast neighboring Spanish colony.
This opinion was shared by the British admiral Sir Sidney Smith , commander of the squadron that escorted the Portuguese ships as the fled to Brazil. Recent biographies try to separate fact from legend and counter the folklore of ridicule that had formed around King John and which lacks documentary basis.
The official styling from his accession was: When Portugal recognized the independence of Brazil, references to the former united kingdom were finally removed from the royal title; under the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro, King John VI became titular Emperor of Brazil and, from 15 November onwards he adopted the style: He was a recipient of the following foreign honors: Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations, which means that John VI is, ultimately, a member of the Robertian dynasty.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Pantheon of the Braganzas , Lisbon, Portugal. Carlota Joaquina of Spain m. Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil. Descendants of John VI of Portugal. List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown. Ancestors of John VI of Portugal [] John IV of Portugal 8. Peter II of Portugal John V of Portugal Philip William, Elector Palatine 9. Maria Sophia of Neuburg Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 2. Peter III of Portugal Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Maria Anna of Austria 5.
Maria Anna of Austria Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg John VI of Portugal Joseph I of Portugal Maria I of Portugal and Brazil Louis, Dauphin of France Philip V of Spain Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria 7. Mariana Victoria of Spain Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg. Companhia das Letras, , pp. GRIN Verlag, , pp. O sol e a sombra: Companhia das Letras, , p. Universidade do Porto, sd, pp.
A longa viagem da biblioteca dos reis: Editorial Complutense, , pp. Carvalho, Marieta Pinheiro de.
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