The mineral Roscoelite was named after him, due to its vanadium content and Roscoe's work on that element. Roscoe received an honorary doctorate LL. D from the University of Glasgow in June Roscoe's publications include, besides several elementary books on chemistry that had a wide circulation and were translated into many foreign languages, Lectures on Spectrum Analysis ; a Treatise on Chemistry the first edition of which appeared in — ; A New View of Dalton's Atomic Theory , with Dr Arthur Harden ; and an Autobiography The Treatise on Chemistry , written in collaboration with Carl Schorlemmer — , who was appointed his private assistant at Manchester in , official assistant in the laboratory in , and professor of organic chemistry in , was long regarded as a standard work.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe. The Life of William Roscoe. IV College to University: Museum of Science and Industry Manchester. Retrieved 17 November Retrieved from " https: Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikisource. This page was last edited on 17 September , at By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Conkling had been re-elected to the 41st United States Congress in November , but did not take his seat, instead entering the U.
Conkling was elected in January a U. Senator from New York , and re-elected in and , served from March 4, to May 16, Through the eight years of President Grant 's administration March 4, to March 4, , he stood out as the spokesman of the President and one of the principal leaders of the Republican Party in the Senate. Senate Committee on Engrossed Bills 46th and 47th Congresses.
In the Republican National Convention at Cincinnati in , Conkling first appeared as a presidential candidate, initially receiving 93 votes. His votes would later be thrown behind Rutherford B. Hayes in order to prevent the ascension of James G. Hayes was the eventual winner of the controversial presidential election.
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Conkling was entirely out of sympathy with the reform element in the Republican Party. His first break with the Hayes administration occurred in April when the Secretary of the Treasury John Sherman appointed a commission to investigate the affairs of the New York Custom House. The investigation brought to light extensive irregularities in the service, showing in particular that the federal office holders in New York constituted a large army of political workers, and that their positions were secured by and dependent upon their faithful service in behalf of the men holding the principal government offices in the city.
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President Hayes decided upon the removal of Chester A. Arthur , the Collector , General George H.
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Sharpe , the Surveyor, and A. Cornell , the Naval Officer of the Port, and in October , sent nominations of their successors to the Senate. Senator Conkling defended the displaced officials, and, through his influence in the Senate, secured the rejection of the new nominations. He succeeded in blocking all the efforts of President Hayes and Secretary Sherman until January , when, a new lot of nominations having been made, they were confirmed in spite of Conkling's continued opposition.
In preparation for the presidential election , Senator Conkling became the leader of the movement for the nomination of General Grant for a third term in the Presidency. He had a strong regard for Grant, and was hostile to the other two leading Republican candidates, Sherman, with whom he had come into conflict during Hayes's administration, and James G. Blaine , whose bitter political and personal enemy he had been for 24 years. The convention , after 33 generally consistent, inconclusive ballots, by a combination of the Blaine and Sherman interests, nominated James A. Garfield on the 36th ballot.
Conkling and the other faithful Grant Stalwarts were allowed to name the candidate for vice presidency, Chester A. Immediately after Garfield's inauguration, Conkling presented to the President a list of men whom he desired to have appointed to the federal offices in New York. Morton , whose appointment Conkling had urged, angered Conkling and made him unwilling to agree to any compromise with Garfield on the New York appointments. Robertson , the leader of the opposing Half-Breed faction. Robertson's nomination was confirmed by the Senate, in spite of the opposition of Conkling, who claimed the right of Senators to control federal patronage in their home states.
In protest, Conkling resigned with his fellow Senator Thomas C. Platt , confident that he could be re-elected by the New York legislature at that time, senators were chosen by their states' legislatures. However, he was defeated in the resulting legislature's vote , losing to the Half-Breed faction in the vote, after an almost two-month-long struggle between the opposing factions of the Republican Party. Afterward he resumed the practice of law in New York City.
He was nominated and confirmed as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court in , but declined to serve. Conkling served as a mentor to Chester A. Arthur , beginning in the late s.
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However, in Conkling lost a key battle against Rutherford B. Hayes 's civil service reform. Conkling and Arthur were so intimately associated that it was feared, after President James A. Garfield was assassinated , that the killing had been done at Conkling's behest in order to install Arthur as president.
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Arthur later offered Conkling an appointment to the U. Supreme Court , although it was thought the gesture was merely "complimentary," that Conkling was too partisan to make a good Justice, and that Arthur was paying back his patron with the honor of nomination, even though it was expected Conkling would refuse.
However, Conkling had a great reputation as a trial lawyer, and he had once before in been offered the chief justiceship by President Grant. At that time Conkling had rejected the offer. He accepted the nomination offer from Arthur and was confirmed to the position by the U. Senate, but then declined to take office, becoming the last confirmed nominee to refuse to serve. In fact, Arthur's and Conkling's relationship was destroyed by the former's accession to the presidency.
The Stalwarts faction that Conkling led was opposed to civil service reform, advocating instead the old patronage system of political appointments. Conkling was not consulted by Garfield a member of the rival Republican faction, the Half-Breeds , about the appointment of William H. Then, Conkling tried to force the Republican majority of the New York State Legislature to re-elect him, affirming his status as the New York Republican leader, but was blocked successfully by the Half-Breed faction, and Conkling's congressional career ended.
Arthur, who would become an avid champion of civil service reform, refused. The two men never repaired the breach. Without Conkling's leadership, his Stalwart faction dissolved. However, upon Arthur's death in , Conkling attended the funeral and showed deep sorrow according to onlookers. Conkling had a reputation as a womanizer and philanderer , and was accused of having an affair with the married Kate Chase Sprague , [ citation needed ] daughter of Salmon P.
Chase and wife of William Sprague IV. According to a well-known story, buttressed by contemporaneous press reports, Mr.
Sprague confronted the philandering couple at the Spragues' Rhode Island summer home and pursued Conkling with a shotgun. The late Senator Roscoe Conkling was a frequent visitor at Canonchet [Sprague's estate], and was unpleasantly conspicuous in the proceedings which ended in the divorce of the Spragues. Conkling was once forbidden by Mr.
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Sprague to come to Canonchet. Despite this, however, the Executive [Sprague] later met the Senator [Conkling] on the estate coming from the rear of the house—some reports had it that the Senator jumped from a window—and after him came the Governor with his old civil war musket in his hands. Conkling's stature as a powerful politician—and the interests of others in currying favor with him—led to many babies being named for him.
These include Roscoe C. On March 12, , during the Great Blizzard of , Conkling attempted to walk three miles from his law office on Wall Street to his home on 25th Street near Madison Square. Conkling made it as far as Union Square before collapsing. He contracted pneumonia and died several weeks later, on April 18, Roscoe, New York , is named for him.
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