However vain and conceited people may be, the conception they usually have of themselves is very humble; that is, they have no conception of being spirit, the absolute that a person can be; but vain and conceited they remain--comparatively speaking. If one were to imagine a house In the monotonous sound of a single horn, you have a precise illustration of the effect of most peoples' minds.
How often there seems to be only one thought there! It is easy to see why people are so bored; and also why they are so sociable, why they like to go about in crowds--why mankind is so gregarious. It is the monotony of his own nature that makes a man find solitude intolerable. Arthur Schopenhauer; Counsels and Maxims. The biggest danger, that of losing oneself, can pass off in the world as quietly as if it were nothing; every other loss Friedrich Nietzsche; Beyond Good and Evil.
Identity is one's own to the extent that one has developed it oneself. Identities are therefore made, not found. One is not alienated because one has failed to find an identity. Identities doe not lie around to be picked up like dimes off the sidewalk, if you are looking for them and it is your lucky day; one makes oneself be a definite person if conditions allow one that much space and creativity. Moreover, even when the destructive effects of their work become patently clear, and they are asked to carry out actions incompatible with fundamental standards of morality, relatively few people have the resources needed to resist authority.
Stanley Milgram ; "The Perils of Obedience". I don't know if there are men on the moon, but if there are, they must be using the earth as their lunatic asylum. Numberless wonders, terrible wonders walk the world; but none are more wonderful and terrible than man. Only the shallow know themselves. We like to treat our failings as typical of the human race "Everyone is like that", "Everyone does that". In this way, the failing admittedly does not cease to be a failing, but we no longer need to regard others as better than ourselves.
The more the universe seems comprehensible, the more it also seems pointless. Sometimes you're lucky and sometimes you're not. Any biography is chance; and, beginning at conception, chance--the tyranny of contingency--is everything. Philip Roth ; Nemesis. Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player who struts and frets his hour upon the stage, and then is heard no more; it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury signifying nothing.
William Shakespeare ; Macbeth. Brief and powerless is man's life; on him and all his race the slow, sure doom falls pitiless and dark. Reckless of chance, blind to good and evil, omnipotent matter rolls on its relentless way. Life may be scary, but it's only temporary.
Life is more hellish than Hell itself. What is it about [the myth of Sisyphus], then, that so perfectly expresses the idea of meaninglessness? It is, clearly, the element of endless and pointless repetition. The same thing happens over and over again and nothing ever comes of it. Is this, then, also a picture of human existence? To a very large extent it is.
The lives of most people are like clockwork, endlessly repetitive. They rise, do essentially the same things today that they were doing yesterday and that they will do again tomorrow, repeating this pattern year after year until, finally, they go to their graves leaving nothing of worth behind except a new generation to repeat the cycle. Richard Taylor ; "The Meaning of Life". If the immediate and direct purpose of our life is not suffering then our existence is the most ill-adapted to its purpose in the world: Each individual misfortune, to be sure, seems an exceptional occurrence; but misfortune in general is the rule.
Arthur Schopenhauer; "On the Suffering of Life". The society in which we live incessantly counsels us to solve our problems by spending money, and thus suggests that if we do have difficulties, more money will probably solve them. If your work no longer satisfies, take a job that pays more. If your family life is unsatisfactory, get a more expensive therapist, or buy a bigger house, or a fancier car. But as economic agents we are not concerned about the meaning of our lives, about their continuity, or whether they are our own in any sense.
Richard Schmitt; Alienation and Freedom. If you ask any man in America, or any man in business in England, what it is that most interferes with his enjoyment of existence, he will say: In a certain sense it is true; yet in another, and that a very important sense, it is profoundly false. What people fear when they engage in the struggle is not that they will fail to get their breakfast next morning, but that they will fail to outshine their neighbors. Bertrand Russell; The Conquest of Happiness.
Do something, something to justify your existence Charlotte Delbo ; Auschwitz and After. James Baldwin ; Giovanni's Room. The trouble with life is you don't really know what's going on at all. It is because one can be frivolous that the majority of people do not hang themselves.
Death is the abiding mystery that is the root of all religions Isn't that what inspired the world's great religions as well? Life gets old very quickly, until of course they tell you your number is up, which is when you start paying attention to the precious miracle you are about to lose. Lewis Black ; Me of Little Faith.
Is [knowing the meaning of life] really such a deep, universal concern? And they probably go on to get degrees in philosophy or religious studies. And they are probably not like most people. What probably concerns most people most of the time are things like their job or lack thereof , their family life, what they are going to eat, their friends, sex, the neighbor's barking dog, etc. Phil Zuckerman ; Society without God. Our ancestors grip us in ways we can scarcely realize. We do not merely follow traditions; we create them. Yes, there is a Human Crisis, since the putting to death of a man can be regarded other than with the horror and shame it should excite Albert Camus ; "The Human Crisis".
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If I am only for me--who am I? Elie Wiesel ; The Time of the Uprooted. They deceive us into thinking that we can be good without cost. There is an evil which most of us condone and are even guilty of: We remain neutral, and not easily moved by the wrongs done unto other people. Indifference to evil is more insidious than evil itself; it is more universal, more contagious, more dangerous.
A silent justification, it makes possible an evil erupting as an exception becoming the rule and being in turn accepted. To say that we should follow our conscience is unobjectionable--but unhelpful--when 'following conscience' means doing what, on reflection, one thinks right. When 'following conscience' means doinf as one's 'internal voice' prompts one to do, however, to follow one's conscience is to abdicate one's responsibility as a rational agent The 'internal voice' is more likely to be a product of one's upbringing and education than a source of genuine ethical insight.
Peter Singer ; Practical Ethics. Naomi Zack ; Inclusive Feminism. Allowing individuals to portray themselves as ethical authorities has sometimes, probably often, introduced ideosyncratic biases into ethical codes in the guise of expresions of the divine will.
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Philip Kitcher ; Life After Faith. I have never come across anyone in whom the moral sense was dominant who was not heartless, cruel, vindictive, log-stupid, and entirely lacking in the smallest sense of humanity. Moral people, as they are termed, are simple beasts. Presenting an idiosyncratic moral code as the command of an eternal, omnipotent, and omniscient being, or as the expression of a divinely created law woven into the fabric of reality, can make the moral code's socially constructed nature invisible to may people and thereby give it credibility and an air of inevitability.
If threats of punishment, death, and eternal damnation for lawbreakers are added, that's all the better, since such threats tend to stifle skepticism and dissent. Of all things that injure man there is none worse than believing that one practices virtue perfectly. When the mind only looks inward on itself, it leads to ruin. The evil quality appears in a man loving only his own views and reviling whatever he does not do himself. The first urge is often the least responsible one.
That people in need are ignored or abandoned for political reasons reveals what we are lacking--though we are intelligent and powerful, strong enough to exploit peoples and destroy the world, we lack real kindness and love. Herbert Marcuse ; "Repressive Tolerance". Boyd; The Myth of a Christian Nation. Since when has self-control been a dependable method of regulation? Posner ; Sex and Reason. Not only is ethics fragile and easily overridden. Not only is it subject to subversion. It can be an immense force for evil as well as good It is also a problem and even a contributor to them.
Roth ; Ethics During and After the Holocaust. All discrimination is immoral, and to struggle against it is a duty whatever the conditions that have to be confronted. Paulo Freire ; Pedagogy of Freedom. You shall not follow a multitude to do evil. There is only one argument for doing something; the rest are arguments for doing nothing.
INNOCENCE MEETS VIOLENCE IN AMERICAN LITERARY TRADITION
Cornford ; Microcosmographia Academica. A man's ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death. Albert Einstein ; "Religion and Science". What a noble sacrifice; virtue is in your court. Though needless to say, "for the sake of the children" is a rather selective enterprise, holding sway far more frequently when it comes to guilty matters like divorce than when it comes to pocketbook issues like education spending Sentimentality about children's welfare comes and goes apparently: Laura Kipnis; Against Love.
Truly he who gives other men what is due to them because he fears the gallows Baruch Spinoza; Tractatus Theologico-Politicus. Anxiety is the mood par excellence of ethicity Bush, who doesn't give a shit when he sends everyone to war or the electric chair; he expresses no anxiety to speak of. And [our leaders are] very proud of this, they don't lose a wink of sleep, they express no anxiety as part of a codification of a murderous disposition.
That's the nonethical stance. Hatred prevents us from knowing reality as it is. Otherwise it might [as well] be made up of slaves or animals other than man Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel. Samuel Johnson ; The Patriot. Why is it that "my country, right or wrong! Why do we regard patriotism as a virtue at all? We disapprove of selfish behavior, but we encourage group selfishness, and gild it with the name 'patriotism'. Nussbaum ; Political Emotions. Formal freedom is guaranteed for everyone. However, all find themselves enclosed from early on within a system of churches, clubs, professional associations and other relationships which amount to the most sensitive instrument of social control.
Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno ; Dialectic of Enlightenment. People have so manipulated the concept of freedom that it finally boils down to the right of the stronger and richer to take from the weaker and poorer whatever they still have. Adorno; "Messages in a Bottle". As soon as the demands of employers, actual or potential, determine how one behaves and dresses, what views one holds, or what skills one acquires, one has surrendered the striving for self-identity, because one is no longer on the way to becoming a person in their own right but, instead, is fashioning oneself to meet the demands of the other.
In a society where there is a market for labor, whatever the color of their collar, all must defer to the requirements for getting a job and thus adjust their person to the expectations of employers. They thereby transform themselves into commodities. As more lives and communities are destroyed by the system that creates vast amounts of wealth for the few, the more heroic it sounds to 'give back'.
It's what I would call 'conscience laundering'--feeling better about accumulating more than any one person could possibly need to live on by sprinkling a little around as an act of charity.
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But this just keeps the existing structure of inequality in place. The rich get to sleep better at night, while others get just enough to keep the pot from boiling over. In other words, we are interdependent beings whose pleasure and suffering depend from the start on a sustained social world, a sustaining environment. Judith Butler ; Dispossession. Good judgment means understanding how to be responsible to those who pay the price of your decisions.
Michael Ignatieff ; "Getting Iraq Wrong". The gigantic protection racket of political history began: Accept my power, for I will protect you from worse violence--of which I can give you a sample, if you don't believe me. The purpose of human rights was to promise happiness even where power was lacking. Adorno; Dialectic of Enlightenment.
You moderns have a tendency to worship at the alter of the Fathers. If we had meant for the Constitution to be written in stone we would have written it in stone. I'm not trying to be difficult but it's bothersome when you blame your own inflexibility and extremism on us.
There are worse things in life than making poor decisions--such as living in a society where there are no good options. Fortunately, that's not our problem in the United States. Our problem is that the genuinely good options aren't available to everybody. People don't choose to ignore their health or embrace predatory lending rates. The idea that people can choose what they want is an oversimplification, and a dangerous one. It is just too easy to make people look personally responsible for bad outcomes when, in fact, all of their realistic options were bad ones.
Trout ; The Empathy Gap italics mine. The characteristic of the hour is that the commonplace mind, knowing itself to be commonplace, has the assurance to proclaim the rights of the commonplace and to impose them wherever it will. The mass crushes beneath it everything that is different, everything that is excellent, individual, qualified, and select. Anybody who is not like everybody, who does not think like everybody, runs the risk of being eliminated.
The first man who enclosed a piece of land, who then came up with the idea of saying "this is mine" and found people simple enough to believe him, was the true founder of civil society. How many crimes, wars, and murders stem from this act. The fact is that the so-called European civilization--"Western" civilization--as it has been shaped by two centuries of bourgeois rule, is incapable of solving the two major problems to which its existence has given rise: The problem of the proletariat and the colonial problem; that Europe is unable to justify itself either before the bar of "reason" or before the bar of "conscience"; and that, increasingly, it takes refuge in a hypocrisy which is all the more odious because it is less and less likely to deceive.
If law is such a harbinger of good, why do we work so hard to keep it from our most cherished relationships? Paul Kivel; Living in the Shadow of the Cross emphasis added. The newspapers, with only occasional partial lapses into decency, have acted upon a very simple principle: Dummett ; On Immigration and Refugees.
The principle of heirarchy is the spell that has blocked humanity's path to emancipation and hexed its historical struggles for freedom. Henceforwrad, no revolution will be worth the name if it does not at the very least imply the radical elimination of all heirarchy. In an oppressive regime, bent upon its own theodicean preservation--where evil can only be accounted for through the existence of bad individuals or groups , not the system-- any effort toward systematic change will be regarded as violent. Consequently, to meet the system's criteria for nonviolence, one must ensure the preservation of the system itself.
Gordon ; Her Majesty's Other Children. Those who play by the rules of the game are showered with honors--such honors as a monkey might get for performing pirouettes. The condition is that one does not try to escape the invisible cage. A politician owes the people not only his industry but his judgment, and if he sacrifices his judgment to their opinions, he betrays them.
We tend to think of American democracy as being somehow eternal, ever-renewable, and capable of withstanding all assaults. But the Founders would have thought that we were dangerously naive, not to mention lazy, in thinking of democracy in this way. This view--which we see as patriotic--is the very opposite of the view that they held. They would not have considered our attitude patriotic--or even American: The Founders thought, in contrast, that it was tyranny that was eternal, ever-renewable, and capable of withstanding all assaults, whereas democracy was difficult, personally exacting, and vanishingly fragile.
Naomi Wolf ; The End of America. Why is it [that] people defending the official mythology all end up spewing ridiculous drivel? Although the Constitution set up a system of checks and balances between the branches of government The checks were on working class power and the balance was in the variety of governmental tools that the ruling class could use to remain hidden but in control. We must have the historic humility to recognize that it is always far easier, with twenty-twenty hindsight, to criticize past abuses--especially if they occurred elsewhere--than it is to recognize their current counterparts in our own backyards.
Justice is what love sounds like when it speaks in public. It comes to see that an edifice which produces beggars needs restructuring. Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. The task of the left therefore cannot be to renounce liberal-democratic ideology, but on the contrary, to deepen and expand it in the direction of radical and plural democracy. Today Plato is nearly forgotten. His beliefs include the notion that people who govern should be intelligent, rational, self-controlled, and in love with wisdom, an idea that has long been discredited.
The classic trap for any revolutionary is always 'What's your alternative? In fact this is a common offensive, a technique to deflect revolutionary anger and turn it against itself. Moreover, the oppressed have no job to convince all people. All they need to know is that the present system is destroying them. Shulamith Firestone ; The Dialectic of Sex. You have so much potential, but you're on the brink of complete disaster.
You are at constant war and living in disease you cannot cure. Some of you gleefully wallow in excess while your brother next to you starves.
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And in doing so you are destroying your ecosystem beyond repair. What most disturbs us is that you are fully aware of your situation and actions We live in a world in which the dogma of free-market fundamentalism is global We live in a time when workers find themselves up against a brick wall and poor people are rendered invisible, as if they don't count at all.
Cornel West ; "Nelson Mandela". A socialist is just someone who is unable to get over his or her astonishment that most people who have lived and died have spent lives of wretched, fruitless, unremitting toil. Terry Eagleton ; Ideology. It is entirely legitimate to stipulate axiomatically that, beyond a certain sum, when one starts calculating in the tens of millions, all capitalist money is bound to be dirty.
Alain Badiou ; Metapolitics. Panics about popular culture It's more socially acceptable to make fun of something working-class people might enjoy then appear snobby and insensitive for criticizing people for their economic status. The same is true of criticizing rap music rather than African American youth directly. If one understands by democracy the effective exercise of power by a population which is neither divided nor hierarchically ordered in classes, it is quite clear that we are very far from democracy. It is only too clear that we are living under a regime of a dictatorship of class Michel Foucault; "Justice vs.
Neutrality in a social struggle between entrenched and advancing social classes means alliance with the entrenched position. In the social struggle we are either on the side of privilege or need.
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Reinhold Niebuhr ; Love and Justice. There is always a danger that those in relatively comfortable circumstances will remain naively insensitive to instances of evil that might demand more vigorous opposition than relatively comfortable circumstances would suggest. Why, I actually think the American people can be made to believe anything.
These people, after all, have their fantasies and fears and superstitions, just like anybody else, and you are not going to put anything over on them by simply addressing yourself to the real problems and pretending that the others don't exist just because they are imaginary. In the realm of politics, truth and the norms associated with it are enemies to those who back indefensible programs and policies.
Politicians whose primary concern is to please their corporate sponsors, even at the expense of the general welfare, are hardly in a position to defend their actions with rationally compelling arguments. Little wonder, then, that contemporary political "debate" and "discussion" is carried out at such an appallingly impoverished intellectual level. Detmer; "Philosophy in the Age of Truthiness". Idiot America is the development of the collective Gut at the expense of the collective mind. It's what results when we abandon our duty to treat the ridiculous with ridicule.
It's what results when politicians make ridiculous statements and we not only surrender our right to punish them at the polls but also become too timid to punish their ideas with daily scorn--because the polls say these ideas are popular, and therefore they must hold some sort of truth, which we should respect. Pierce ; Idiot America. It's undeniable that the feminist movement has power. It is inevitable because where different beliefs are deeply held, clashes are unavoidable. Kenan Malik ; Multiculturalism and Its Discontents. When the proponents of the gloablization of capital cry out against big government, they are being not only hypocritical but also ungrateful.
Where would capital be if it had not put its hands on big government and made it work for centuries in its exclusive interest? And today where would imperial capital be if big givernment were not big enough to wield the power of life and death over the entire global multitude? Where would capital be without a big government capable of printing money to produce and reproduce a global order that guarantees capitalist power and wealth?
Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri ; Empire.
Great Dane decimates bed, acts totally innocent
It is so because the artist, in the degree of his greatness, always confronts the unknown, and what he brings back from that confrontation is a novelty, a new symbol, a new vision of life His importance to society is not that he voices received opinions, or gives clear expression to the confused feelings of the masses On Race, Ethnicity and Nationality. The claim to a colorblind perspective by whites works just to conceal the partiality of their perceptions.
Men can't appreciate nature's talents. They make prejudices out of differences They're content to dragoon people into ethnic groups. By creating a heirarchy of humanity they hope to compensate for their own insignificance and avenge their own vulgarity. Prejudice is not simply a matter of what people say they feel but how they act and what political positions they take.
Stephen Eric Bronner ; The Bigot. The race relations put into place during colonialism survive long after the economic structures underlying them have changed. The devaluation of African slaves still haunts their descendants, the inequities of colonial rule still structure wages and opportunities Alexis Shotwell ; Knowing Otherwise. Negroes want to be treated like men , a perfectly straightforward statement, containing only seven words. James Baldwin ; Nobody Knows. Some believe that there is a conflict between the so-called American Creed and American practices.
The Creed is supposed to contain considerations of equality and liberty, at least certainly equal opportunity, and justice. The fact is, of course, that these are simply words which were not even originally intended to have applicability to black people: Article 1 of the Constitution affirms that the black man is three-fifths of a person. Once the wine leaves St. Innocent Winery, the sale is final and no refunds are allowed. We will replace "corked" bottles excess TCA content at no chage. When your wine order is picked up by the common carrier for delivery, responsibility for the wine becomes the responsibility of the purchaser.
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