Geometric models of the leaves in M 0 were acquired by 3D scanning and direct mesh simplification. The obtained meshes were messy and of low quality. As mentioned above, these groups of meshes were much more regular than the initial mesh and the quantities were controllable. As the input geometric model of the light simulation distribution algorithm used by Qian Qian et al.
The five groups of canopies have five different simulating efficiencies Table 5. Results show that mesh simplification using the HPVM method can greatly improve the computational efficiency. Multi-scale cucumber canopy models. In this paper, a multi-scale modeling and remeshing method for the visual computation of palmate leaves, with examples from cucumber and grape, was described on the basis of 3D point cloud data.
Compared with long, narrow cereal plant leaves Paulus et al. To reflect the difference of margin features of different cultivars, two varieties of grape leaves representing diverse margin morphology were selected.
A hierarchical parametric vein and margin representation approach was introduced, which provides both hierarchical geometric constraints for surface reconstruction and the subsequent multi-scale remeshing of leaf mesh. The meshing operation approach benefits from two significant characteristics: These characteristics correspond to accuracy and efficiency, respectively, in subsequent visual computing applications. Leaf veins and margins are important components of plant leaves, and their morphological structure reflects the ability of a plant to adapt to the environment.
Veins contain transport nutrients and water within plants, and provide a structural support for leaves. Therefore, it is very important to preserve vein and margin features during the leaf mesh optimization process. Using conventional remeshing methods, such as QEM Garland and Heckbert, and AFM George and Seveno, , directly may cause the loss of vein and margin characteristics in the resulting mesh Figures 12 — The optimized leaf mesh using the HPVM method has a high approximation to the vein and margin of the original mesh.
The vertex removal and edge collapse methods performed on maize and tobacco leaves Hou et al. The proposed HPVM method could also preserve the contours, mesh normal, and detail features of the leaf mesh.
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The remeshing method that preserves features is especially important for substantial simplification of leaves in a canopy. Our method provides high quality meshes to ensure the accuracy of the next step in visual computation such as biomechanical simulation Von et al. With the development of the parameterized modeling theory and technology, a digital plant in a virtual simulation modeling realistic and controllable situations has further requirements. Therefore, introducing new geometric modeling methods from the computer graphics field and researching new modeling methods is suitable to be used for plant leaves.
The main idea of the plant leaves model based on parameterized modeling Wang et al. These morphological feature parameters express a 3D geometric blade model by polygons, Bezier, or NURBS curves and surfaces, which means the morphological feature parameters of the blade are determined by the control points or the weight factor of the NURBS surfaces.
Users can realize different forms of 3D leaf models by modifying morphological feature parameters. Crop canopies are composed of a large number of leaves. In the present study, the computation efficiency is directly related to the number of triangular facets used to describe the leaf surface. However, the reduction of the number of leaf mesh facets leads to the loss of detailed information, which causes the decline of calculation accuracy.
Therefore, under the premise of ensuring calculation accuracy and maintaining as much of the leaf shape information as possible, it is important to improve the computational efficiency by reducing mesh number in FSPM research. Thus, leaf mesh optimization is important. In this paper, mesh optimization of multi-scale plant leaves was achieved by controlling the scale parameters. With less computational time cost, simulating light distribution in plant canopies would become a more practical tool in the research of analyzing light interception differences of different plant cultivars or planting densities.
Compared with the vertex removal and edge collapse methods Hou et al. The difference between area or side length of the mesh facet is small, which is important for down-stream visualization. The multi-scale vein extraction operation mainly depends on the manual completion described in this paper. The veins needs to be selected from each leaf point cloud interactively using our developed software, which is not automatic and limits the applicability of the method.
Our future work aims to realize a point cloud based Huang et al. This paper proposes a novel hierarchical structured representation for leaves and a corresponding multi-resolution remeshing method for large-scale visual computation.
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We introduce a Hierarchical Parametric Veins and Margin HPVM representation approach, which describes the leaf biological structures and exact geometry via interpolation of parametric curves from the extracted vein features. A parametric surface leaf model is constructed using the HPVM.
For a given size, we adapt a multi-step discrete point resampling strategy and CDT-based meshing method. Our representation consists of three coupled data structures, a core hierarchical data structure of veins and margins HPVM for the leaf skeleton, the corresponding parametric surface model and a set of unstructured triangular meshes with user-specified density for the leaf membrane.
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This method provides a suitable solution to improve the computational efficiency, via reducing the number of leaf facets while preserving the morphometrics of plant leaves, in the 3D visualization model based functional structural plant analysis. It will be used to simulate and analyse the detailed light distribution differences in plant canopies caused by diverse leaf shape characteristics among different cultivars in future studies.
All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Simulation and visualization of adapting venation patterns.
Isotropic surface remeshing using constrained centroidal delaunay mesh. Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation of the light environment of plants. Forest canopy gap fraction from terrestrial laser scanning. Towards a model of spray-canopy interactions: A new model for the structure of leaves. The advancing-front mesh generation method revisited. Delaunay triangulation and 3D adaptive mesh generation. Constrained higher order delaunay triangulations. Interactive venation-based leaf shape modeling. Virtual Worlds 16, — Sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L.
Simplification of leaf surfaces from scanned data: Lmedial skeleton of point cloud. Simulation of morphology changes in drying leaves. Surface reconstruction of wheat leaf morphology from three-dimensional scanned data. Digital morphometrics of two north american grapevines Vitis: Vitaceae quantifies leaf variation between species, within species, and among individuals.
Mathematical models for cellular interaction in development. Venation skeleton-based modeling plant leaf wilting. Identification of plant configurations maximizing radiation capture in relay strip cotton using a functional—structural plant model. Repeated origin of three-dimensional leaf venation releases constraints on the evolution of succulence in plants. Modelling water droplet movement on a leaf surface. Limits of active laser triangulation as an instrument for high precision plant imaging. High-precision laser scanning system for capturing 3D plant architecture and analysing growth of cereal plants.
Automated recovery of three-dimensional models of plant shoots from multiple color images. Heterogeneity analysis of cucumber canopy in the solar greenhouse. Modeling and visualization of leaf venation patterns. A Delaunay Refinement Algorithm for quality 2-dimensional mesh generation.
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Interactive fractal tree generation method having multiple clipping volumes. Optimal crop canopy architecture to maximise canopy photosynthetic CO 2 uptake under elevated CO 2 -a theoretical study using a mechanistic model of canopy photosynthesis. Computational approach to seasonal changes of living leaves.
High-quality vertex clustering for surface mesh segmentation using Student- t mixture model. Preventing lodging in bioenergy crops: Geometric modeling of broad-leaf plants leaf based on B-spline. Simplified model of plant organ for visual computation. Evaluation of a radiosity based light model for greenhouse cucumber canopies. Connecting biochemical photosynthesis models with crop models to support crop improvement.
Modeling curve dynamics and spatial geometry characteristics of rice leaves J. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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3D surface reconstruction : multi-scale hierarchical approaches
Shopbop Designer Fashion Brands. Skip to search form Skip to main content. Our numerical experiments suggest that the approach integrates the best aspects of scattered data fitting with locally and globally supported basis functions. This paper has highly influenced 18 other papers.
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Topics Discussed in This Paper. Basis function Multivariate interpolation Point cloud. Experiment Numerical analysis Curve fitting.